Houpo Qiwutang originated from the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber， and it consists of seven medicines： Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Jujubae Fructus. It is a basic formula for the treatment of abdominal fullness. Through the bibliometric method， the historical history， drug base， preparation and dosage， decoction method， and ancient and modern applications of Houpu Qiwu Tang were analyzed by means of textual research. The research finds that Houpu Qiwu Tang has been passed down through the generations in an orderly manner with fewer changes. The drug base of this formula is basically clear， and the base of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， and Jujubae Fructus is consistent with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The mainstream base of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus is the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium of Rutaceae family， and the historical mainstream base of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of Leguminosae family. The modern dosage of this formula is 110.40 g of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， 41.40 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， 69 g of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， 27.60 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 69 g of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， 41.40 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 30 g of Jujubae Fructus. In addition， the decoction method is to add 2 000 mL of water with the above seven flavors of the medicine， boil it to 800 mL， and then take 160 mL in a warm state each time. The amount of the medicine taken for each time is 22.08 g of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， 8.28 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， 13.80 g of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， 5.52 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 13.80 g of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， 8.28 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 6 g of Jujubae Fructus. The modern application of this formula involves the digestive system， respiratory system， and urinary system. It is more advantageous in digestive system diseases such as early postoperative inflammatory bowel obstruction， functional dyspepsia， gastric pain， functional abdominal distension， and gastric reflux esophagitis. By comprehensively examining the key information of Houpu Qiwu Tang， this paper aims to provide literature support for the development and clinical application of this formula.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Danggui Shaoyaosan on ferroptosis in the rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and explore the underlying mechanism based on the nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） signaling pathway. MethodsThe sixty SD rats were randomly grouped as follows： control， model， Yishanfu （0.144 g·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.44， 4.88， and 9.76 g·kg^-1， respectively） Danggui Shaoyaosan. A high-fat diet was used to establish the rat model of NAFLD. After 12 weeks of modeling， rats were treated with corresponding agents for 4 weeks. Then， the body weight and liver weight were measured， and the liver index was calculated. At the same time， serum and liver samples were collected. The levels or activities of total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and Fe²⁺ in the serum and TC， TG， free fatty acids （FFA）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GPX）， and Fe²⁺ in the liver were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and oil red O staining were employed to observe the pathological changes in the liver. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the reactive oxygen species （ROS） content in the liver. Mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The protein levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， GPX4， transferrin receptor 1 （TFR1）， and divalent metal transporter 1 （DMT1） in the liver were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed increases in the body weight， liver weight， liver index， levels or activities of TC， TG， ALT， AST， and Fe²⁺ in the serum， levels of TC， TG， FFA， MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS in the liver， and protein levels of TFR1 and DMT1 in the liver （P<0.01）， and decreases in the activities of SOD， GPX and the protein levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 in the liver （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Meanwhile， the liver tissue in the model group presented steatosis， iron deposition， mitochondrial shrinkage， and blurred or swollen mitochondrial cristae. Compared with the model group， all doses of Danggui Shaoyaosan reduced the body weight， liver weight， liver index， levels or activities of TC， TG， ALT， AST， and Fe²⁺ in the serum， levels of TC， TG， FFA， MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS in the liver， and protein levels of TFR1 and DMT1 in the liver （P<0.01）， while increasing the activities of SOD and GPX and the protein levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 in the liver （P<0.01）. Furthermore， Danggui Shaoyaosan alleviated steatosis， iron deposition， and mitochondrial damage in the liver. ConclusionDanggui Shaoyaosan may inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway to treat NAFLD.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors for implementation of weight management services in primary medical and healthcare institutions, so as to provide references for implementing sustainable services of weight management. Methods: From May to June 2025, Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province was selected as the survey site. Personnel responsible for weight management in primary medical and healthcare institutions were selected as the survey subjects using a combined method of purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Based on the five core domains of the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), a semi-structured interview outline for weight management services in primary medical and healthcare institutions was designed. Original data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Interview data was organized and analyzed using framework analysis. Factors affecting weight management services were quantitatively analyzed by referencing CFIR's structural rating criteria. Results: A total of 21 participants completed interviews, covering positions in nutrition, endocrinology, traditional Chinese medicine, general practice, maternal health, and public health. There were 9 males and 12 females. Fifteen participants (71.43%) were aged 35 years and above, 18 (85.71%) held a bachelor's degree or higher, and 15 (71.43%) were frontline medical staff. Fifteen factors affecting weight management services were identified across five domains: innovation, outer setting, inner setting, individuals, and implementation process. Six barrier factors were identified: difficulties in policy implementation, time-consuming interventions, limited incentive measures, lack of professional skills, unclear weight-loss plans and goal setting, and imperfect follow-up and evaluation mechanisms. Three neutral factors were identified: the development and refinement of policies and regulations, the implementation of weight management training, and the optimization of the referral process within integrated healthcare systems (medical alliances / communities). Six facilitating factors were identified: the relatively significant advantages of lifestyle interventions, collaboration and coordination across multiple departments, cooperative communication among different units within the institution, the inherent convenience of primary care settings, a strong sense of professional responsibility, and the establishment of multidisciplinary teams. Conclusions The delivery of weight management services in primary medical and healthcare institutions is influenced by a wide array of factors across multiple domains. It requires policy support, multi-department coordination, a practice-oriented training system, optimized team resource allocation, incentives, and improved professional skills of medical staff to jointly promote long-term implementation.

AIM: To quantify early changes of macular capillary parameters in type 2 diabetic patients using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 49 healthy subjects, 52 diabetic patients without retinopathy(noDR)patients, and 43 mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(mNPDR)patients were recruited. Capillary perfusion density, vessel length density(VLD), and average vessel diameter(AVD)were calculated from macular OCTA images(3 mm×3 mm)of the superficial capillary plexus after segmenting large vessels and the deep capillary plexus. Parameters were compared among control subjects, noDR, and mNPDR patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve estimated the abilities of these parameters to detect early changes of retinal microvascular networks.RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the VLD and AVD among the three groups(P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the noDR group had significantly higher AVD(P<0.05). VLD of both layers in patients of mNPDR group was significant decreased compared with that of noDR group(all P<0.01). Deep AVD had a higher area under the curve(AUC)of 0.796 than other parameters to discriminate the noDR group from the healthy group. Deep AVD had the highest AUC of 0.920, followed by that of the deep VLD(AUC=0.899)to discriminate the mNPDR group from the healthy group.CONCLUSIONS: NoDR patients had wider AVD than healthy individuals and longer VLD than mNPDR patients in both layers. When compared with healthy individuals, deep AVD had a stronger ability than other parameters to detect early retinal capillary impairments in noDR patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of icotinib on right ventricular remodeling in rats with monocrotaline(MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension(PH).Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group(0.3％sodium carboxymethyl cellulose),model group and low,high dose experimental groups(30,60 mg·kg-1 icotinib),8 rats in each group.PH rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg·kg-1 MCT in model group and low,high dose experimental groups.The drug was administered continuously for 4 weeks after MCT injection.The hemodynamic indexes of each group were detected.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining was used to detect the apoptosis of right ventricular cardiomyocytes.The protein levels of B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),cleaved cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-3(cleaved-caspase-3),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),phosphorylated EGFR(p-EGFR),optic atrophy 1(Opa1)and mitofusin 2(Mfn2)were detected by Western blot analysis.Results The right ventricular systolic pressure in low,high dose experimental groups and control group,model group were(38.58±4.98),(34.15±3.88),(23.66±2.45)and(45.07±5.78)mmHg;the mean pulmonary artery pressure were(27.85±3.77),(24.25±3.09),(17.33±2.46)and(33.07±4.15)mmHg;the right ventricle(RV)to left ventricle+septum were(36.38±5.51)％,(33.63±4.69)％,(22.25±2.96)％and(42.50±7.33)％;the RV to tibial length were(69.33±7.86),(62.69±7.17),(49.12±6.42)and(78.22±9.07)mg·cm-1.There were significant differences in the above indexes between low,high dose experimental groups and model group(all P＜0.01).There were significant differences in Bcl-2,Bax,cleaved caspase-3,p-EGFR,Opa1,Mfn2 between low,high dose experimental groups and model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Icotinib can inhibit right ventricular remodeling in PH rats induced by MCT,and its mechanism may be related to reducing the phosphorylation level of EGFR in the right ventricle,alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

[Abstract] [Objective] To construct inducible immortalization gene vectors for transfection into primary cells, enabling the establishment of a conditionally immortalized cell line that support their sustained cultivation and proliferation in vitro. [Methods] Using gene homologous recombination technology, the coding sequences (CDS) of immortalization genes-including human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT), acute myeloid leukemia fusion genes NUP98-KDM5A (N/K) and CBFA2T3-GLIS2 (C/G), as well as the proto-oncogene KRAS were precisely inserted into the tetracycline (Tet)-inducible eukaryotic expression lentiviral vector pLV2-TRE3GS-EGFP-MCS-3×FLAG-hPGK-Tet-On-SV40-Neo and the transposon PB-TRE3G-3×FLAG-T2A-Puro-SV40-PA. Lentiviral packaging, cell transfection, mRNA expression analysis, Western blotting for protein detection, green fluorescent protein (GFP) visualization, and cell proliferation assays were conducted to evaluate transfection efficiency and assess the regulatory effects of Tet on gene expression in 293T and MEF cells. [Results] The Tet-inducible lentiviral vectors pLV2-Tet-SV40LT, pLV2-Tet-N/K, and pLV2-Tet-C/G, along with the transposon vectors PB-Tet-hTERT, PB-Tet-SV40LT, PB-Tet-N/K, PB-Tet-C/G, and PB-Tet-KRAS, were successfully constructed. In 293T cells, the expression levels of all target genes were upregulated after transfection. In MEF cells, the immortalizing functions of SV40LT and N/K were validated. By modulating Tet addition, cell proliferation levels were effectively regulated, leading to the successful establishment of conditionally immortalized pLV2-SV40LT-MEF and pLV2-N/K-MEF cell lines. [Conclusion] The construction of Tet-inducible immortalizing gene vectors provides a technical foundation for establishing conditionally immortalized primary cell lines, thereby facilitating research on the large-scale in vitro production and expansion of blood cells, such as erythrocytes and platelets.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission network among HIV/AIDS patients in Zhoushan City, Zhejing Province. Methods: The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Zhoushan City from 2020 to 2022 were selected. Basic information was collected and whole blood samples were obtained at the initial follow-up. The pol gene sequences of HIV-1 were amplified by RT-PCR and nested-PCR. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic trees. The HIV-1 molecular transmission network was built and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.6.1 software. Results: A total of 222 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Zhoushan City from 2020 to 2022, 200 whole blood samples were collected, and 152 sequences were obtained successfully, including 122 males (80.26%), 75 cases aged 50 years and above (49.34%), 109 cases with a junior high school education or below (71.71%), and 63 cases with commercial heterosexual contact (41.45%). The main subtypes were CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE, accounting for 45.39% and 21.05%, respectively. When the threshold of genetic distance was set to 1%, 20 molecular clusters were formed in 69 cases, with a clustering rate of 45.39%. Using the molecular network constituted by reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2020 as the baseline network, there were 2 active molecular clusters with ≥5 new cases in 2022, each with 9 cases, characterized mainly by individuals aged 50 or above, with a junior high school education or below, and transmission through commercial heterosexual sex. Conclusions The predominant HIV-1 subtypes among HIV/AIDS cases in Zhoushan City are CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. Transmission through commercial heterosexual contact among middle-aged and elderly people is a main mode of HIV transmission.

Objective: To investigate the expression changes of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3(CDKN3) indifferent tumors and its effect on tumor staging, prognosis and immunotherapy. Methods: The expression characteristics of CDKN3 in different cancers using data from TCGA, CCLE, ICGC, and GTEx databases were evaluated. The GEPIA2 platform and Kaplan-Meier analysis were utilized to assess the effect of CDKN3 on tumor pathological staging and survival prognosis. The TIMER platform was employed to explore the influence of CDKN3 on the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy. Its effect on immune checkpoint and key immunotherapeutic predictors using bioinformatics methods was explored. The GeneMANIA tool was used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of CDKN3. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) and Gene Onotology(GO) enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the biological processes and signaling pathways associated with CDKN3. The effect of CDKN3 on HepG2 cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis was validated through transfection with CDKN3 siRNA. Results: CDKN3 was found to be widely overexpressed in tumors. High expression of CDKN3 was often associated with advanced pathological staging and poor survival prognosis. CDKN3 expression was negatively correlated with most immune checkpoints and positively correlated with tumor mutation burden(TMB), microsatellite instability(MSI), and mismatch repair(MMR) genes. CDKN3 was associated with cell cycle, cellular senescence, and the p53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, EdU staining, JC-1 staining, Transwell, and Wound Healing assays confirmed that CDKN3 promoted HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration while inhibiting apoptosis. Conclusion Abnormal expression of CDKN3 is closely related to tumor staging, prognosis, and immune microenvironment characteristics, making it a potential prognostic marker and immunotherapy adjuvant target in cancer.