ObjectiveTo explore the effect of oral sodium butyrate on skeletal muscle atrophy in CT26 tumor mice through the gut microbiota-skeletal muscle axis and its potential mechanism. MethodsSixty SPF BALB/c male mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group (NC, n=18) and a ABX-depleted group (ABX, n=42). The ABX mice were pretreated with a quadruple antibiotic cocktail via oral gavage (0.2 ml per administration, once daily, 6 d per week, for 2 weeks), whereas NC received an equal volume of sterile water. The quadruple antibiotic cocktail consisted of metronidazole (1 g/L), vancomycin (0.5 g/L), ampicillin (1 g/L), and gentamicin (1 g/L). Following successful pretreatment, six mice from each group were randomly selected for gut microbiota sequencing analysis and designated as the Abx group and the NC0 group, respectively. Theremaining mice in ABX were subcutaneously inoculated in the dorsum with 0.2 ml of CT26 cell suspension (at a cell density of 1×10⁷/ml). Then these mice were randomly allocated into three subgroups: a control tumor bearing model group (0_NaB, n=12), a tumor-bearing model group receiving low-dose oral sodium butyrate (L_NaB, n=12), a tumor-bearing model group receiving high-dose oral sodium butyrate (H_NaB, n=12). And mice in NC were inoculated at the same site with 0.2 ml of normal saline. The administration dose for L_NaB was 0.3 g/(kg·d), that for H_NaB was 0.5 g/(kg·d), while NC and 0_NaB were given the same volume of normal saline (0.2ml per time, once daily, 6 d per week, for 4 weeks). The general condition of mice was monitored, and forelimb grip strength gastrocnemius muscle mass and its muscle fiber cross-sectional area were measured for each group. The structural changes in gut microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing of cecal contents. Pathological alterations in the intestinal wall were examined via HE staining. Serum and gastrocnemius muscle levels of TNF‑α, IL-6, IL-1β, and LPS were quantified using ELISA. The protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the small intestine, as well as proteins associated with the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle, were detected by Western blot analysis. Results(1) The alpha-diversity in Abx was significantly lower than that in NC0 (P<0.01), a significant decrease of the mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius (P<0.01), with the majority of gut microbiota being effectively depleted. (2) Compared with NC, the subcutaneous tumors of mice in 0_NaB were prominent, a significant increase of the mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius, accompanied by a significant decrease in body weight at the end of the 3th and 4th week (P<0.05), and a significant weakening of the forelimb grasping strength at the 5th and 6th week (P<0.01). Compared with 0_NaB, the tumor mass of mice in L_NaB and H_NaB showed a significant decreasing trend, and the grip strength of the forelimbs significantly increased at the 5th and 6th week (P<0.05, P<0.01). (3) Compared with 0_NaB, the Shannon and Observed species indices in α diversity of L_NaB and H_NaB were significantly increased (P<0.05). At the genus level, compared with 0_NaB, L_NaB exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Parasutterella (P< 0.01), while H_NaB showed significant reductions in the relative abundances of both Escherichia-Shigella and Parasutterella (P < 0.01). (4) Compared with 0_NaB, the small intestinal tissue structure in L_NaB and H_NaB was more intact, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced, and the capillaries were slightly dilated. The expression levels of ZO-1 and occludin proteins in L_NaB were significantly increased (P<0.01). (5) The LPS concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle and the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-IκBα, and p-NF‑κB p65 in L_NaB and H_NaB were significantly lower than those in 0_NaB (P<0.05). The serum TNF‑α concentration in H_NaB and TNF-α concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle of the L_NaB and H_NaB were significantly lower than those in 0_NaB (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). ConclusionOral administration of NaB can improve gut microbiota α diversity, adjusting its composition, improving intestinal mucosal barrier function, reducing the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response, and delaying skeletal muscle atrophy. The underlying mechanism may involve down regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in skeletal muscle.

Objective: To explore the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health risk behaviors (HRBs) among college students and the mediating role of psychological symptoms, so as to provide a basis for developing intervention strategies. Methods: From March to April 2023, a convenience cluster sample of 1 801 students from 12 universities in Nanning, Liuzhou, Guilin, Wuzhou of Guangxi completed an online survey. A self designed questionnaire, Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were used for evaluation tools. Binary Logistic regression, structural equation modeling (SEM) and Bootstrap methods were used to analyze the associations and mediating effects. Results: Overall, 71.2% of college students experienced at least one type of ACE, with emotional neglect (40.3%) and emotional abuse ( 25.2 %) having the highest detection rates. The top three HRBs were unhealthy diet (77.8%), physical inactivity (54.1%), and smoking/alcohol use (18.5%). Logistic regression showed that poor family functioning, abuse, and extra familial violence were each associated with an increased risk of smoking/alcohol use ( OR =1.14, 1.11, 1.18) and deliberate self harm ( OR =1.26, 1.19,1.30) (all P <0.05). Experience of abuse increased the risk of high risk sexual behavior and family dysfunction increaded the risk of physical inactivity, respectively ( OR = 1.07 , 1.04, both P <0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that anxiety ( β =0.20) and depression ( β = 0.09 ) partially mediated the pathway from poor family functioning to deliberate self harm; paranoia ( β =0.02) partially mediated the pathway from abuse to high risk sexual behavior; and obsessive-compulsive symptoms ( β =0.26) and depression ( β =0.10) partially mediated the pathway from extra familial violence to deliberate self harm (all P <0.05). Conclusion Psychological symptoms play a mediating role in the association between ACEs and HRBs, and mental health interventions may reduce the risk of HRBs among college students.

Chronic pancreatitis （CP） is a common disease in clinical practice characterized by progressive inflammatory fibrosis of the pancreas. Gut microbiota， known as the “second genome” of humans， bidirectionally modulates the progression of fibrosis in CP via the gut-pancreas axis. This article systematically elaborates on the characteristics of gut microbiota during the progression of CP and its molecular mechanism in mediating pancreatic fibrosis through bacterial translocation， metabolites， immune regulatory networks， and microbe-pancreatic stellate cell interactions， with a focus on the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids and inflammatory cytokine networks in pancreatic stellate cell activation and extracellular matrix deposition. In addition， this article explores the potential value of gut microbiota-targeted interventions in the prevention and treatment of CP fibrosis， such as probiotics， prebiotics， and fecal microbiota transplantation， and discusses the translational potential of using multi-omics technologies to identify diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for CP， in order to provide new ideas for the precise diagnosis and treatment of CP.

Short-chain fatty acids （SCFA） are the main metabolic products generated by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota. Studies have shown that SCFA not only play a role in energy metabolism， but also act as important signaling molecules， exhibiting a significant potential in alleviating liver and pancreatic fibrosis. The core mechanism of SCFA mainly involves the regulation of various key signaling pathways by activating G protein-coupled receptors and inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylase， thereby suppressing the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cell （HSC） and pancreatic stellate cell （PSC）， which is a key link in fibrosis formation. In addition， SCFA can effectively alleviate tissue inflammation response， improve intestinal barrier function， and regulate gut microbiota balance， thus indirectly preventing the process of fibrosis mediated by the “gut-liver/pancreas axis”. Compared with the research on SCFA in liver fibrosis， studies on their role in pancreatic fibrosis are limited. Given that HSC and PSC are highly homologous， the transcription factors and proteins that have been confirmed in liver fibrosis-related studies are also similarly expressed in PSC， suggesting that they may also influence the activation of PSC. This article systematically summarizes the recent advances in the research on SCFA in alleviating liver and pancreatic fibrosis， in order to provide new perspectives for exploring the mechanism of pancreatic fibrosis and developing related interventional strategies.

Objective To detect the isocenter of a medical linear accelerator using an optical surface monitoring system (OSMS) combined with a self-made 3D-printed phantom, and compare with the conventional front pointer measurement method. Methods A phantom that could be fixed to the front pointer of the accelerator was fabricated using 3D printing technology. The front pointer method and OSMS were used to detect the rotation isocenter deviations of the accelerator. During the experiments, the collimator, gantry, and couch linear displacement readings were recorded at different angles. We also recorded the measurement time of different surveyors. Results Compared to the front pointer measurement method, the OSMS method showed lower standard deviations. The reductions in standard deviations showed statistical significance in the Lat direction for the collimator rotation isocenter as well as in the Lat and Vrt directions for the gantry rotation isocenter. The mean deviation of Mag values for the collimator rotation isocenter using the OSMS method was 0.50 mm, which was larger than the 0.42 mm using the front pointer method. However, the standard deviation was 0.06 using the OSMS method, which was smaller than the 0.18 using the front pointer method. The mean deviation and standard deviation of Sag values for the gantry rotation isocenter using the OSMS method were 1.03 mm and 0.12, respectively, which were both larger than 0.47 mm and 0.06 using the front pointer method. For the couch rotation isocenter, the mean deviation and standard deviation using the OSMS method were 0.32 mm and 0.04, respectively, which were both smaller than the 0.55 mm and 0.20 using the front pointer method. All surveyors spent less time in isocenter measurements using the OSMS method compared to the front pointer method. Conclusion Compared with the front pointer method, the OSMS method significantly reduces the standard deviation among surveyors, effectively reduces the influence of the angle deviation of the accelerator on the measurement results, reduces detection time, improves detection efficiency, and provides a powerful practical basis for the application of OSMS in detecting the mechanical accuracy of the linear accelerator.

Objective To detect the isocenter of a medical linear accelerator using an optical surface monitoring system (OSMS) combined with a self-made 3D-printed phantom, and compare with the conventional front pointer measurement method. Methods A phantom that could be fixed to the front pointer of the accelerator was fabricated using 3D printing technology. The front pointer method and OSMS were used to detect the rotation isocenter deviations of the accelerator. During the experiments, the collimator, gantry, and couch linear displacement readings were recorded at different angles. We also recorded the measurement time of different surveyors. Results Compared to the front pointer measurement method, the OSMS method showed lower standard deviations. The reductions in standard deviations showed statistical significance in the Lat direction for the collimator rotation isocenter as well as in the Lat and Vrt directions for the gantry rotation isocenter. The mean deviation of Mag values for the collimator rotation isocenter using the OSMS method was 0.50 mm, which was larger than the 0.42 mm using the front pointer method. However, the standard deviation was 0.06 using the OSMS method, which was smaller than the 0.18 using the front pointer method. The mean deviation and standard deviation of Sag values for the gantry rotation isocenter using the OSMS method were 1.03 mm and 0.12, respectively, which were both larger than 0.47 mm and 0.06 using the front pointer method. For the couch rotation isocenter, the mean deviation and standard deviation using the OSMS method were 0.32 mm and 0.04, respectively, which were both smaller than the 0.55 mm and 0.20 using the front pointer method. All surveyors spent less time in isocenter measurements using the OSMS method compared to the front pointer method. Conclusion Compared with the front pointer method, the OSMS method significantly reduces the standard deviation among surveyors, effectively reduces the influence of the angle deviation of the accelerator on the measurement results, reduces detection time, improves detection efficiency, and provides a powerful practical basis for the application of OSMS in detecting the mechanical accuracy of the linear accelerator.

Objective To detect the isocenter of a medical linear accelerator using an optical surface monitoring system (OSMS) combined with a self-made 3D-printed phantom, and compare with the conventional front pointer measurement method. Methods A phantom that could be fixed to the front pointer of the accelerator was fabricated using 3D printing technology. The front pointer method and OSMS were used to detect the rotation isocenter deviations of the accelerator. During the experiments, the collimator, gantry, and couch linear displacement readings were recorded at different angles. We also recorded the measurement time of different surveyors. Results Compared to the front pointer measurement method, the OSMS method showed lower standard deviations. The reductions in standard deviations showed statistical significance in the Lat direction for the collimator rotation isocenter as well as in the Lat and Vrt directions for the gantry rotation isocenter. The mean deviation of Mag values for the collimator rotation isocenter using the OSMS method was 0.50 mm, which was larger than the 0.42 mm using the front pointer method. However, the standard deviation was 0.06 using the OSMS method, which was smaller than the 0.18 using the front pointer method. The mean deviation and standard deviation of Sag values for the gantry rotation isocenter using the OSMS method were 1.03 mm and 0.12, respectively, which were both larger than 0.47 mm and 0.06 using the front pointer method. For the couch rotation isocenter, the mean deviation and standard deviation using the OSMS method were 0.32 mm and 0.04, respectively, which were both smaller than the 0.55 mm and 0.20 using the front pointer method. All surveyors spent less time in isocenter measurements using the OSMS method compared to the front pointer method. Conclusion Compared with the front pointer method, the OSMS method significantly reduces the standard deviation among surveyors, effectively reduces the influence of the angle deviation of the accelerator on the measurement results, reduces detection time, improves detection efficiency, and provides a powerful practical basis for the application of OSMS in detecting the mechanical accuracy of the linear accelerator.

Objective To explore the correlations of serum heat shock protein 70(Hsp70),high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and cognitive impair-ment(CI)in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods A total of 117 patients with CSVD who were treated at Kailuan General Hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as study subjects(CSVD group).According to varied scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),they were divided into CI group(54 cases)and non-CI group(63 cases).Additionally,120 healthy individuals who underwent health check-ups during the same period were selected as con-trol group.Clinical data of all subjects were collected.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the expression levels of Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP in serum.The Spearman method was employed to analyze the correlations of serum Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP levels with the occurrence of CI in CSVD patients.Logistic multivariate regression analysis was conducted to screen for influencing factors of CI in CSVD patients.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP levels for CI in CSVD patients.Results The serum levels of Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in gender,age,body mass index,smoking history,drinking history,nature of CSVD,education level,triglyc-erides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),Trail Making Test-A(TMT-A),Trail Making Test-B(TMT-B),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)between the CI group and the non-CI group(P＞0.05).The levels of uric acid(UA),serum Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP in the CI group were higher than those in the non-CI group,while the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MOCA)score was lower than that in the non-CI group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP in CSVD patients were negatively correla-ted with MMSE scores(r=-0.458,-0.525,-0.431,P＜0.05)and MOCA scores(r=-0.462,-0.583,-0.484,P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP were influencing factors for CI in CSVD patients(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)for serum Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP levels and their combined prediction of cognitive function in CSVD patients were 0.734,0.769,0.766,and 0.902,respectively.The predictive ef-ficacy of the combined prediction was better than that of individual indicators(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion The serum levels of Hsp70,HMGB1,and GFAP are elevated in CSVD patients,which are closely related to the occurrence of CI.The combined detection of these three proteins has a high predictive value for CI in CSVD patients.

The rationale for the design of control groups in tuina clinical trial is the foundation for rigorously validating the effectiveness and safety of this therapy. This article reviewed the current state of the design of tuina placebo in control groups of clinical trials， pointed out the necessity of setting up tuina placebo in clinical trials of tuina， analyzed the challenges in implementing blinding of tuina manipulation， and concluded that tuina placebo is still challenged by the placebo effect， the diversification of tuina manipulation but the lack of standardization， and the difficulty of implementing blinding due to the high level of public awareness of tuina. This article also summarized the design of placebo manipulation in three types of clinical trials， including spinal manipulation， acupressure， and paediatric tuina， and proposed four strategies for designing placebo tuina manipulation-controlling placebo effects， developing operational standards for placebo tuina manipulation， ensuring the rigor of blinding implementation， and applying new technologies to enhance the standardization and blinding capacity of placebo tuina methods. So the article is aimed at improving the methodological quality of tuina clinical trial designs， and promoting the standardization and scientificity of tuina clinical trial design.

Objective To investigate the nutritional quality characteristics of vitamin D3-fortified yogurt and explore its improving effect on vitamin D metabolism in the body under simulated weightlessness,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods.Methods Using reconstituted milk as the matrix and Vitamin D3(VD3)microcapsule powder as the fortifier,VD3-fortified yogurt was prepared.A systematic study was conducted to investigate the effects of different gradients(1.25 μg/100 mL,2.50 μg/100 mL,3.75 μg/100 mL,5.00 μg/100 mL,6.25 μg/100 mL)of VD3 microcapsule addition on its quality characteristics(titratable acidity,solid content,water-holding capacity,syneresis).In vivo assessments were conducted using a Sprague-Dawley(SD)rat tail-suspension model to simulate weightlessness.Levels in serum 25(OH)D3,1,25-(OH)2D3,calcium(Ca),and phosphorus(P)were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to evaluate its metabolic capacity.Results During fermentation(3 h),titratable acidity of VD?-fortified yogurt initially increased,then decreased,and eventually stabilized with rising microcapsule dosage,while total solid content remained consistent.WHC exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline,whereas syneresis showed an inverse trend.At an optimal dosage of 3.75 μg/100 mL,the yogurt displayed a dense and uniform network structure,characterized by non-Newtonian fluid behavior with shear-thinning properties.This formulation demonstrated robust structural stability under high-frequency mechanical stress,alongside desirable textural,flavor,and sensory attributes.Animal experiments revealed that the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3,1,25-(OH)2D3,calcium,and phosphorus in the vitamin D?-fortified yogurt intervention group were significantly higher than those in the tail-suspended control group(P<0.05).Conclusion VD? microencapsulation technology effectively preserves and enhances the nutritional quality characteristics of yogurt and mitigates vitamin D metabolic dysregulation under simulated weightlessness.