Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a common autoimmune disease characterised clinically by symmetrical joint pain， swelling， and stiffness. Long-term chronic synovial inflammation can lead to severe joint damage and even disability， thereby affecting quality of life for patients. Current clinical treatment of RA emphasises an integrated approach combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine， with traditional Chinese medicine offering certain advantages in reducing disease activity of RA， preventing relapses， and other aspects. Modern clinical evidence confirms that Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang （GSZT） is effective in improving symptoms such as immune metabolism， joint stiffness， and joint pain in RA patients. Pharmacological studies have revealed that GSZT primarily contains components such as cinnamaldehyde， total glucosides of paeony， total alkaloids of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata， glycyrrhetinic acid， zingiberone， isoimperatorin， ephedra polysaccharides， and cedrol. It improves RA symptoms via multiple mechanisms and targets， including enhancing immune responses， exerting anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects， regulating relevant signalling pathways， inhibiting cell apoptosis， and suppressing bone destruction. This paper reviewed the syndrome patterns and pharmacological basis of GSZT in the treatment of RA， as well as its clinical applications and related mechanisms， thereby providing a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and utilisation of GSZT in the treatment of RA.

Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a common autoimmune disease characterised clinically by symmetrical joint pain， swelling， and stiffness. Long-term chronic synovial inflammation can lead to severe joint damage and even disability， thereby affecting quality of life for patients. Current clinical treatment of RA emphasises an integrated approach combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine， with traditional Chinese medicine offering certain advantages in reducing disease activity of RA， preventing relapses， and other aspects. Modern clinical evidence confirms that Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang （GSZT） is effective in improving symptoms such as immune metabolism， joint stiffness， and joint pain in RA patients. Pharmacological studies have revealed that GSZT primarily contains components such as cinnamaldehyde， total glucosides of paeony， total alkaloids of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata， glycyrrhetinic acid， zingiberone， isoimperatorin， ephedra polysaccharides， and cedrol. It improves RA symptoms via multiple mechanisms and targets， including enhancing immune responses， exerting anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects， regulating relevant signalling pathways， inhibiting cell apoptosis， and suppressing bone destruction. This paper reviewed the syndrome patterns and pharmacological basis of GSZT in the treatment of RA， as well as its clinical applications and related mechanisms， thereby providing a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and utilisation of GSZT in the treatment of RA.

Atherosclerosis （AS） is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases and seriously threatens human quality of life. Its prevention and treatment urgently need breakthroughs. The inflammatory response， which runs through the physiological and pathological evolution process of AS， is one of the important mechanisms for AS occurrence. Currently， the treatment methods for AS in Western medicine are relatively mature. However， they have adverse reactions such as abnormal liver and kidney function， drug tolerance， target vessel restenosis， and stent thrombosis， which remain the key bottleneck restricting clinical efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， characterized by multiple components， multiple targets， and multi-pathway synergy， shows unique clinical application potential and efficacy advantages in the intervention of AS. This article reviewed the research progress of TCM in intervening in AS by regulating inflammatory-related signaling pathways， such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Toll-like receptors （TLRs）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT）， in the past five years. It summarized the combined mechanism of action of TCM monomers， TCM pairs， and compound preparations in inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction through multiple targets， regulating lipid metabolism disorders， and improving vascular endothelial dysfunction and the imbalance of the microenvironment. It deepened the research on the molecular mechanism of TCM in anti-AS， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical transformation application and related theoretical research of TCM in anti-AS.

Atherosclerosis （AS） is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases and seriously threatens human quality of life. Its prevention and treatment urgently need breakthroughs. The inflammatory response， which runs through the physiological and pathological evolution process of AS， is one of the important mechanisms for AS occurrence. Currently， the treatment methods for AS in Western medicine are relatively mature. However， they have adverse reactions such as abnormal liver and kidney function， drug tolerance， target vessel restenosis， and stent thrombosis， which remain the key bottleneck restricting clinical efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， characterized by multiple components， multiple targets， and multi-pathway synergy， shows unique clinical application potential and efficacy advantages in the intervention of AS. This article reviewed the research progress of TCM in intervening in AS by regulating inflammatory-related signaling pathways， such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Toll-like receptors （TLRs）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT）， in the past five years. It summarized the combined mechanism of action of TCM monomers， TCM pairs， and compound preparations in inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction through multiple targets， regulating lipid metabolism disorders， and improving vascular endothelial dysfunction and the imbalance of the microenvironment. It deepened the research on the molecular mechanism of TCM in anti-AS， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical transformation application and related theoretical research of TCM in anti-AS.

With the widespread application of ionizing radiation in many industries and the construction of nuclear power plants, the potentials for nuclear accidents is also increasing. In the event of a nuclear accident, rapid classification of a large population is generally involved, so accurate estimation of the radiation dose to the exposed population is the primary task of nuclear emergency response. Based on this need, World Health Organization and International Atomic Energy Agency have each established a worldwide network of biological dosimetry laboratories. In addition, regional networks of biological dosimetry laboratories have been established in the European Union, North America, Latin America and Asia. Based on the long-term organization of national training and assessment of biological dose estimation technology, China will also establish its own network of biological dosimetry laboratories in the future to cope with the emergency disposal needs of potential nuclear accidents. In this paper, the international biodosimetry network and related work will be reviewed, and the idea of establishing biodosimetry laboratory network in China will be elaborated.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To explore the protective effect of salidroside on retinal ganglion cells(RGC)in diabetic rats and its possible molecular mechanism.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the control group,the model group and the salidroside group,with 15 rats in each group.Diabetes models of rats were established in both the model group and the salidroside group.After successful modeling,rats in the salidroside group were given 50 mg/kg salidroside by gavage daily for 12 consecutive weeks,while rats in the model group received no further treatment.Rats in the control group were given the same amount of normal saline by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks.The fasting blood glucose of rats was detected every 4 weeks.After the experiment,the survival rate of rats in each group was calculated.Pathological HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of retinal tissue in rats,and RGC counting was performed.The contents of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MAD)and catalase(CAT)in the retinal tissue of rats were detected by ELISA.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1(Keap1),and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)in the KEAP1-NrF2/HO-1 pathway.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rate among the three groups of rats(P>0.05).The fasting blood glucose levels of rats in the control group fluctuated within the normal range at each time point.The fasting blood glucose levels of rats in the model group and the salidroside group were consistently higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The fasting blood glucose level of rats in the salidroside group gradually decreased over time(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the retinal thickness of rats in the model group became thinner,the cell arrangement showed obvious disordered phenomena,and there was obvious edema in the inner and outer nuclear layers and vacuole phenomena.The pathological changes of retinal tissue of rats in the salidroside group were improved compared with those in the model group.Compared with the control group,the contents of ROS and MAD and the protein expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the retinal tissues of rats in the model group were significantly higher(P<0.05),while the contents of CAT and SOD,the number of RGC and the protein expression of HO-1 were significantly lower/less(P<0.05).After intervention with salidroside,the contents of each oxidative stress factor,the number of RGC,and the protein expressions of Keap1 and HO-1 of rats in the salidroside group were significantly reversed compared with the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion Intervention with salidroside can alleviate the oxidative stress response in the retina of diabetic rats and relieve RGC injury,which may exert its effect through the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the influence of injection methods of different contrast agents on CMR image quality,and further optimize"one-stop"examination process under the premise of the analysis for high-pressure bolus pressure curve of contrast-enhanced(CE)cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR).Methods:The data of CMR examination of 70 patients with old myocardial infarction who admitted to the department of emergency of Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected as research objects.They were divided into an observation group and a control group by a simple randomization method,with 35 cases in each group.The observation group adopted gadolinium contrast agent injection with double-phase double-flow,with two bolus injections at 4 ml/s and 2 ml/s sequentially.The control group adopted the injection with single-phase double-flow,with only one bolus injection at 4 ml/s.The dynamic pressure time curve was drawn,and the total bolus dose and pressure peak of two kinds of injection methods were compared.The residual liquid samples of the observation group and the control group were collected after injection of contrast agent was conducted.After the residual liquids of 10 ml,20 ml and 30 ml were derived respectively,the T1 mapping sequence was used to collect signal intensity values,and to compared the difference of that between two groups.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of left ventricular blood pool,infarcted myocardium and distal myocardium,and the contrast-to-noise ratios(CNR)between infarcted myocardium and blood pool,and between distal myocardium and blood pool were compared between the observation group and the control group.Results:There was no statistical difference in the total dose of bolus injection between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05).The peak value of the pressure of bolus injection in the observation group and control group were respectively(87.4±11.3)pound force per square inch(PSI)and(104.0±20.1)PSI,and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.81,P<0.05).T1 signal intensity values of 10 ml residual liquid and 20 mL residual liquid were respectively 1984.43±70.26 and 2190.56±195.96 in observation group,and they were respectively 1203.36±184.99 and 2884.64±349.39 in control group,and the differences were significant(t=-3.57,6.03,P<0.05).The T1 signal intensity value of 30mL residual fluid sample was 4371.75±75.16 in observation group,and that was 4261.86±110.68 in control group,and the difference was no significant(P>0.05).The SNR value of blood pool was(4.88±1.01)in observation group,which was lower than(8.25±1.36)in control group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(t=6.11,P<0.05).The CNR values of infarcted myocardium and blood pool,of remote myocardium and blood pool between two groups were statistically significant(t=-4.79,-5.39,P<0.05).Conclusion:The contrast agent of high-pressure bolus injection with dual-phase dual-flow method can not only explore the time window of the extravasation of contrast agent,but also improve the SNR and the CNR of CMR images,and further optimize the CMR examination process.

AIM To analyze the dynamic change patterns of aflatoxin B1,aflatoxin B2,aflatoxin G1,aflatoxin G2,T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol contents during the fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.01％formic acid-[acetonitrile-methanol(1∶1)]flowing at 0.3 mL/min,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Six mycotoxins showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.998 0),whose average recoveries were 76.1％-119.3％with the RSDs of 0.49％-9.27％,and except for deoxynivalenol,their contents demonstrated the trends of growing out of nothing and gradually increasing.CONCLUSION The risk of mycotoxin infection exists in the fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata.This simple,efficient,rapid and sensitive method can provide a reference for whole-process monitoring the fermentation process for Massa Medicata Fermentata.

Objective:To explore the influence of injection methods of different contrast agents on CMR image quality,and further optimize"one-stop"examination process under the premise of the analysis for high-pressure bolus pressure curve of contrast-enhanced(CE)cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR).Methods:The data of CMR examination of 70 patients with old myocardial infarction who admitted to the department of emergency of Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected as research objects.They were divided into an observation group and a control group by a simple randomization method,with 35 cases in each group.The observation group adopted gadolinium contrast agent injection with double-phase double-flow,with two bolus injections at 4 ml/s and 2 ml/s sequentially.The control group adopted the injection with single-phase double-flow,with only one bolus injection at 4 ml/s.The dynamic pressure time curve was drawn,and the total bolus dose and pressure peak of two kinds of injection methods were compared.The residual liquid samples of the observation group and the control group were collected after injection of contrast agent was conducted.After the residual liquids of 10 ml,20 ml and 30 ml were derived respectively,the T1 mapping sequence was used to collect signal intensity values,and to compared the difference of that between two groups.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of left ventricular blood pool,infarcted myocardium and distal myocardium,and the contrast-to-noise ratios(CNR)between infarcted myocardium and blood pool,and between distal myocardium and blood pool were compared between the observation group and the control group.Results:There was no statistical difference in the total dose of bolus injection between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05).The peak value of the pressure of bolus injection in the observation group and control group were respectively(87.4±11.3)pound force per square inch(PSI)and(104.0±20.1)PSI,and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.81,P<0.05).T1 signal intensity values of 10 ml residual liquid and 20 mL residual liquid were respectively 1984.43±70.26 and 2190.56±195.96 in observation group,and they were respectively 1203.36±184.99 and 2884.64±349.39 in control group,and the differences were significant(t=-3.57,6.03,P<0.05).The T1 signal intensity value of 30mL residual fluid sample was 4371.75±75.16 in observation group,and that was 4261.86±110.68 in control group,and the difference was no significant(P>0.05).The SNR value of blood pool was(4.88±1.01)in observation group,which was lower than(8.25±1.36)in control group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(t=6.11,P<0.05).The CNR values of infarcted myocardium and blood pool,of remote myocardium and blood pool between two groups were statistically significant(t=-4.79,-5.39,P<0.05).Conclusion:The contrast agent of high-pressure bolus injection with dual-phase dual-flow method can not only explore the time window of the extravasation of contrast agent,but also improve the SNR and the CNR of CMR images,and further optimize the CMR examination process.