Functional dyspepsia （FD） is a prioritized disease category where traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrates distinct therapeutic advantages. The current western medicine treatment for FD is mainly based on proton pump inhibitors and prokinetic agents， with digestive enzymes， probiotics and antidepressants serving as adjuvant medication， yet such therapies still have certain limitations. TCM treatment for FD includes oral administration of Chinese herbal formulas and Chinese patent medicines， as well as external TCM therapies such as acupuncture and moxibustion， acupoint application， hot medicinal compress therapy， rubbing with ointment， medicinal iontophoresis， auricular acupoint therapy and tui na （Chinese medical massage）. The combined treatment of FD with integrated TCM and western medicine can significantly improve clinical effectiveness and reduce adverse reactions. The common mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of both TCM and western medicine revolve around the core pathological processes of FD， mainly focusing on restoring gastrointestinal motility， regulating the levels of brain-gut peptides， modulating intestinal microecology， and ameliorating inflammatory status. The differential mechanisms lie in the precise targeting feature of western medicine versus the holistic-regulating and multi-target characteristics of TCM， and the two approaches exert a synergistic effect to enhance efficacy. This paper proposes to leverage the advantages of TCM in holistic regulation and the strengths of western medicine in targeted treatment， so as to provide personalized and comprehensive treatment regimens for FD patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of oral sodium butyrate on skeletal muscle atrophy in CT26 tumor mice through the gut microbiota-skeletal muscle axis and its potential mechanism. MethodsSixty SPF BALB/c male mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group (NC, n=18) and a ABX-depleted group (ABX, n=42). The ABX mice were pretreated with a quadruple antibiotic cocktail via oral gavage (0.2 ml per administration, once daily, 6 d per week, for 2 weeks), whereas NC received an equal volume of sterile water. The quadruple antibiotic cocktail consisted of metronidazole (1 g/L), vancomycin (0.5 g/L), ampicillin (1 g/L), and gentamicin (1 g/L). Following successful pretreatment, six mice from each group were randomly selected for gut microbiota sequencing analysis and designated as the Abx group and the NC0 group, respectively. Theremaining mice in ABX were subcutaneously inoculated in the dorsum with 0.2 ml of CT26 cell suspension (at a cell density of 1×10⁷/ml). Then these mice were randomly allocated into three subgroups: a control tumor bearing model group (0_NaB, n=12), a tumor-bearing model group receiving low-dose oral sodium butyrate (L_NaB, n=12), a tumor-bearing model group receiving high-dose oral sodium butyrate (H_NaB, n=12). And mice in NC were inoculated at the same site with 0.2 ml of normal saline. The administration dose for L_NaB was 0.3 g/(kg·d), that for H_NaB was 0.5 g/(kg·d), while NC and 0_NaB were given the same volume of normal saline (0.2ml per time, once daily, 6 d per week, for 4 weeks). The general condition of mice was monitored, and forelimb grip strength gastrocnemius muscle mass and its muscle fiber cross-sectional area were measured for each group. The structural changes in gut microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing of cecal contents. Pathological alterations in the intestinal wall were examined via HE staining. Serum and gastrocnemius muscle levels of TNF‑α, IL-6, IL-1β, and LPS were quantified using ELISA. The protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the small intestine, as well as proteins associated with the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle, were detected by Western blot analysis. Results(1) The alpha-diversity in Abx was significantly lower than that in NC0 (P<0.01), a significant decrease of the mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius (P<0.01), with the majority of gut microbiota being effectively depleted. (2) Compared with NC, the subcutaneous tumors of mice in 0_NaB were prominent, a significant increase of the mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius, accompanied by a significant decrease in body weight at the end of the 3th and 4th week (P<0.05), and a significant weakening of the forelimb grasping strength at the 5th and 6th week (P<0.01). Compared with 0_NaB, the tumor mass of mice in L_NaB and H_NaB showed a significant decreasing trend, and the grip strength of the forelimbs significantly increased at the 5th and 6th week (P<0.05, P<0.01). (3) Compared with 0_NaB, the Shannon and Observed species indices in α diversity of L_NaB and H_NaB were significantly increased (P<0.05). At the genus level, compared with 0_NaB, L_NaB exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Parasutterella (P< 0.01), while H_NaB showed significant reductions in the relative abundances of both Escherichia-Shigella and Parasutterella (P < 0.01). (4) Compared with 0_NaB, the small intestinal tissue structure in L_NaB and H_NaB was more intact, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced, and the capillaries were slightly dilated. The expression levels of ZO-1 and occludin proteins in L_NaB were significantly increased (P<0.01). (5) The LPS concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle and the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-IκBα, and p-NF‑κB p65 in L_NaB and H_NaB were significantly lower than those in 0_NaB (P<0.05). The serum TNF‑α concentration in H_NaB and TNF-α concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle of the L_NaB and H_NaB were significantly lower than those in 0_NaB (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). ConclusionOral administration of NaB can improve gut microbiota α diversity, adjusting its composition, improving intestinal mucosal barrier function, reducing the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response, and delaying skeletal muscle atrophy. The underlying mechanism may involve down regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in skeletal muscle.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of various strength levels of deep learning image reconstruction （DLIR） algorithms for improving non-contrast abdominal CT image quality at ultra-low radiation doses， by comparing ultra-low-dose DLIR images with low-dose filtered back projection （FBP） images. MethodsA prospective collection of 85 patients undergoing non-contrast abdominal CT scans was performed， and a self-controlled study method was employed to conduct low-dose （LD） group and ultra-low-dose （ULD） group scans. The LD group used a noise index of 10 and employed FBP for image reconstruction （LD-FBP group）. The ULD group used a noise index of 30 and employed DLIR at different levels （low， medium， high）， resulting in three subgroups of reconstructed images： ULD-DLIR-L， ULD-DLIR-M， and ULD-DLIR-H. For each group， CT values， standard devia-tion （SD）， signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）， and contrast-to-noise ratio （CNR） were measured and calculated for the liver， spleen， kidneys， aorta， psoas major， and subcutaneous fat. Effective dose （ED） was also recorded. Two radiologists independently performed subjective evaluations of image quality using a 5-point scale. ResultsCompared with the LD-FBP group， the ULD-DLIR-L group showed significantly lower SNR and CNR values in the liver， spleen， kidneys， aorta， and psoas major （P<0.001）， while the ULD-DLIR-H group exhibited significantly higher values （P<0.001）. The difference of SNR and CNR values for the ULD-DLIR-M group showed no statistically significant difference. For subjective evaluation， the scores of the ULD-DLIR-L and ULD-DLIR-M groups were lower than those of the LD-FBP group， while there was no statistically significant difference in scores between the ULD-DLIR-H group and the LD-FBP group. The ED value of the ULD group was approximately 88% lower than that of the LD group. ConclusionCompared with the LD-FBP group， the ULD-DLIR-H group significantly reduces SD values while increasing SNR and CNR values， effectively improving the image quality of non-contrast abdominal CT scans.

Self-face is a unique and highly distinctive stimulus, not shared with others, and serves as a reliable marker of self-awareness. Compared to other faces, self-face processing exhibits several advantages, including the self-face recognition advantage, self-face attention advantage, and self-face positive processing advantage. The self-face recognition advantage manifests as faster and more accurate identification across different orientations and spatial frequency components, supported by enhanced early event-related potential (ERP) components, such as N170. Attentional biases toward self-face are evident in target detection during spatial tasks and the attentional blink effect in temporal paradigms. However, measurement sensitivity, perceptual load, and task demands contribute to some mixed findings. Positive biases further characterize the self-face processing advantage, with individuals perceiving their faces as more attractive or trustworthy than objective representations. These biases even extend to self-similar others, influencing social behaviors such as trust and voting preferences. Self-face processing advantages have been observed at an unconscious level and are regulated by several factors, including self-esteem, cultural differences, and multisensory integration. Cultural and individual differences play a crucial role in shaping self-face advantages. Individuals from Western cultures, which emphasize independent self-construal, exhibit stronger self-face biases compared to those from East Asian collectivist contexts. Self-esteem also modulates self-face advantages: high-self-esteem individuals generally maintain their self-face recognition advantage despite interference, exhibit attentional prioritization of self-faces, and demonstrate enhanced positive associations with subliminal self-faces. In contrast, low-self-esteem individuals display recognition vulnerabilities to social cues, show context-dependent attentional divergence (prioritizing others’ faces in task-oriented settings while prioritizing self-face in free-viewing tasks), and exhibit reversed positive associations with subliminal self-faces. Multisensory integration, such as synchronized visual-tactile cues, enhances self-face advantages and induces perceptual plasticity. This phenomenon is exemplified by the enfacement illusion, in which synchronous visual and tactile inputs update the mental representation of the self-face, leading to assimilation with another face. Neuroanatomically, self-face processing is predominantly lateralized to the right hemisphere and involves a network of brain regions, including the occipital lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, insula, and cingulate gyrus. Disruptions in these networks are linked to self-face processing deficits in socio-cognitive disorders. For instance, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia are associated with attenuated self-face advantages and abnormal neural activity in regions such as the right inferior frontal gyrus, insula, and posterior cingulate cortex. These findings suggest that self-face processing could serve as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and intervention of such disorders. In recent years, researchers have proposed various theoretical explanations for self-face processing and its advantage effects. However, some studies have reported no significant behavioral or neural advantages of self-faces over familiar faces, leaving the specificity of self-face a subject of debate. Further elucidation of self-face specificity requires the adoption of a face association paradigm, which controls for facial familiarity and helps determine whether qualitative differences exist between self-faces and familiar faces. Given the close relationship between self-face processing advantages and socio-cognitive disorders (e.g., ASD, schizophrenia), a deeper understanding of self-face specificity has the potential to provide critical insights into the early identification, classification, and intervention of these disorders. This research holds both theoretical significance and substantial social value.

With the widespread application of robotic technology in surgery, multiple robot-assisted laparoscopic endoscopic surgical systems are currently in the R&D phase, highlighting an urgent need for establishing a scientific and standardized quality evaluation framework. In 2024, the National Medical Products Administration issued the standard YY/T 1941-2024, entitled Robotically-assisted Laparoscopic Surgical System, which specifies performance requirements and test methods for such systems. This standard provides critical guidance for the development of innovative products, technological advancement, and regulatory oversight. The standard offers clear definitions of relevant terminology and systematically standardizes the quality evaluation methods for these products across six key aspects: manual controller performance, instrument arm performance, system operational performance, safety protection functions, robotic surgical instruments, and software. This article interprets the core indicators outlined in the standard, aiming to assist clinicians in gaining a deeper understanding of the performance parameters of these systems and to support manufacturers in conducting quality assessments and risk analyses during product development, thereby promoting high-quality progress in the industry and related products.

The innate immune system serves as the body’s first line of defense against pathogens and plays a central role in inflammation regulation, immune homeostasis, and tumor immunosurveillance. In recent years, with the growing recognition of the concept “exercise is medicine”, increasing attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory effects of physical activity. Accumulating evidence suggests that regular, moderate-intensity exercise significantly enhances innate immunity by strengthening the skin-mucosal barrier, increasing levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and improving the functional capacity of key immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It also modulates the complement system and various inflammatory mediators. This review comprehensively summarizes the effects of exercise on each component of the innate immune system and highlights the underlying molecular mechanisms, including activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), enhancement of mitochondrial function via the PGC-1α/TFAM axis, and initiation of autophagy through the ULK1/mTOR pathway. Emerging mechanisms are also discussed, such as exercise-induced epigenetic modifications (e.g., histone acetylation and miRNA regulation), modulation of the gut microbiota, and metabolite-mediated immune programming (e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), β‑hydroxybutyrate). The effects of exercise on innate immunity vary considerably among individuals, depending on factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities. For example, adolescents exhibit enhanced NK cell mobilization, whereas older adults benefit from reduced chronic inflammation and immune aging. Sex hormones and metabolic conditions (e.g., obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer) further modulate the immune response to exercise. Based on these insights, we propose a personalized approach to exercise prescription guided by the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, and type) principle, aiming to optimize immune outcomes across diverse populations. Importantly, given the dual role of exercise in immune activation and regulation, caution is warranted: while moderate exercise enhances immune defense, excessive or high-intensity activity may induce transient immunosuppression. In pathological contexts such as infection, autoimmune diseases, or tissue injury, exercise intensity and timing must be carefully adjusted. This review provides practical guidelines for exercise-based immune modulation and underscores the need for dose-response studies and advancements in precision exercise medicine. In conclusion, exercise represents a safe and effective strategy for enhancing innate immune function and mitigating chronic inflammatory diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a machine learning-based method for predicting the trajectories during manual acupuncture manipulation (MAM), aiming to improve the precision and consistency of acupuncture practitioner' operation and provide the real-time suggestions on MAM error correction. METHODS: Computer vision technology was used to analyze the hand micromotion when holding needle during acupuncture, and provide a three-dimensional coordinate description method of the index finger joints of the holding hand. Focusing on the 4 typical motions of MAM, a machine learning-based MAM trajectory predictive model was designed. By integrating the changes of phalangeal joint angle and hand skeletal information of acupuncture practitioner, the motion trajectory of the index finger joint was predicted accurately. Besides, the roles of machine learning-based MAM trajectory predictive model in the skill transmission of acupuncture manipulation were verified by stratified randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: The performance of MAM trajectory predictive model, based on the long short-term memory network (LSTM), obtained the highest stability and precision, up to 98%. The learning effect was improved when the model applied to the skill transmission of acupuncture manipulation. CONCLUSION The machine learning-based MAM predictive model provides acupuncture practitioner with precise action prediction and feedback. It is valuable and significant for the inheritance and error correction of manual operation of acupuncture.
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation* ; Machine Learning ; Adult ; Male ; Female

Objective To design a high altitude adaptive oxygen generator for the crews to alleviate their high altitude reaction in high altitude environment and meet their requirements for oxygen supply.Methods A high altitude adaptive oxygen generator based on the mature pressure swing adsorption oxygen production method was designed with the key technologies of discharge capacity compensation of air compression pump and airway fusion of molecular sieve tower,which had the components of molecular sieve tower,air compression pump,controller,cooling fan,cooler,solenoid valve,regulator,flow meter and etc.Trials were carried out at the simulated altitude and field plateau environment so as to verify the high altitude adaptive performance of the oxygen generator developed.Results The trial results showed the oxygen generator met the desired objectives and the requirements for oxygen volume fraction in GJB 2799-1996 General specification for medical oxygen generator using molecular sieve method.Conclusion The oxygen generartor provides oxygen supply effectively for vehicle operators in plateau environments or the ones rushing into the plateau.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):29-34]

AIM To investigate the effects of Huazhuo Jiedu Shugan Formula(HJSGF)on improving learning and memory impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia(VD)via SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway.METHODS The SD rats were randomly divided into the sham control group,the model group,the donepezil group(0.5 mg/kg),and the low-,medium-and high-dose HJSGF groups(2.7,5.4,10.8 g/kg),with 10 rats in each group.The VD rat models established by bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation(2-VO)had their neurological behavior assessment using the Longa5-point scale,and their modeling success confirmed by the Morris water maze test and their 3-week corresponding dosing of drugs by gavage afterward.After the drug administration,the rats had their spatial memory ability tested through behavioral experiments;their serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1β measured by ELISA;their histopathological changes and neuronal morphology in the hippocampal CA1 region observed by HE staining and Nissl staining;and their hippocampal protein expressions of SIRT1,PGC-1α and PPARγ detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the sham control group,the model group showed prolonged escape latency(P＜0.01);decreased platform crossing times and target quadrant residence time(P＜0.01);disorganized arrangement of hippocampal CA1 neurons,nuclear condensation,reduced Nissl bodies,increased secretion and protein expressions of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.01);and reduced hippocampal protein expressions of SIRT1,PGC-1α and PPARγ(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with donepezil or HJSGF showed shortened escape latency(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);increased platform crossing times and target quadrant residence time(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);alleviated damage of the hippocampal CA1 region,reduced secretion and protein expressions of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and elevated hippocampal protein expressions of SIRT1,PGC-1α and PPARγ(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION HJSGF may alleviate the inflammatory responses in VD rats and therefore improve their learning and memory impairment by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling pathway.

Objective Under the operation background of Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP),whether there is interaction between reducing medical cost and average length of stay combined with pre-hospitalization mode,and whether there is difference between different departments and diseases in interaction.Methods Based on real-world data from 71 453 patients admitted to Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from July to December 2021,a two-way analysis of variance was employed.When the interaction effect was statistically significant,parameter estimation was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the interaction effect,followed by subgroup analyses by department and disease.Results Without adjustment,both total medical costs and average length of stay exhibited a negative interaction effect(P＜0.05).Subgroup analyses revealed that in terms of total medical costs,the effect size for the surgical system was 0.18％,lower than that for the internal medicine system(0.70％);for core diseases,it was 6.62％,lower than that for comprehensive diseases(7.71％).Regarding average length of stay,the effect size for the surgical system was 0.55％,better than that for the internal medicine system(0.22％);for core diseases,it was 8.70％,higher than that for comprehensive diseases(2.90％).Conclusion The combination of DIP payment reform and pre-admission management model demonstrates a synergistic effect,effectively reducing patients' medical costs and length of stay.This effect is influenced by disease complexity and the standardization of diagnostic and treatment processes.