This study explored the drying kinetics of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(SM), established the suitable models simulating the drying kinetics, and then analyzed the dynamic changes of active components during the drying processes with different methods, aiming to provide a basis for the establishment of suitable drying methods and the quality control of SM. The drying kinetics were studied based on the drying curve, drying rate, moisture effective diffusion coefficient, and drying activation energy, and the appropriate drying kinetics model of SM was established. The drying performance of different methods, such as hot air drying, infrared drying, and microwave drying of SM was evaluated, and the changes in the content of 10 salvianolic acids and 6 tanshinones during drying were analyzed by UPLC-TQ-MS. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS) was employed to evaluate the quality of SM dried with different methods. The results showed that the drying rate and moisture effective diffusion coefficient of SM increased with the rise in drying temperature, and the maximum drying rates of different methods were in the order of microwave drying > infrared drying > hot air drying, slice > whole root. The drying rate decreased with the rise in temperature and the extension of drying time. The activation energy of hot air drying was higher than that of infrared drying in SM. The most suitable model for simulating the drying process of SM was the Page model. The TOPSIS results suggested infrared drying at 50 ℃ was the optimal drying method for SM. During the drying process, the content of salvianolic acids increased in different degrees with the loss of moisture, among which salvianolic acid B showed the largest increase of 44 times compared with that in the fresh medicinal material. Tanshinones also existed in the fresh herb of SM, and the content of tanshinone Ⅱ_A increased by 3 times after drying. The results provided a basis for the establishment of suitable drying methods and the quality control of SM.
Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry* ; Desiccation/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Kinetics ; Quality Control ; Abietanes

BACKGROUND:The asymmetrical biomechanical environment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can lead to further wedge deformation of the vertebral body,which may affect cardiopulmonary function and compress nerves in severe cases.Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with different degrees of scoliosis should be treated with exercise,bracing,and surgery.However,the mechanical mechanism of selecting an orthopedic approach remains unclear due to the individual variability of patients.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biomechanical mechanism of different orthopedic modalities for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to provide a basis for clinical selection of treatment modalities based on the spine model of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients.METHODS:Based on the CT images of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patient,a scoliosis model(C7-L5)was reconstructed in Mimics software in three dimensions,and lateral thrust force was applied at the T8/T9 thorax and vertical distraction force was applied over the C7 vertebra with the magnitude of 20,40,60,80,100,and 120 N.The intervertebral disc stress and vertebral displacement in concave and convex sides,and Cobb angle of the spine were analyzed under two orthopedic modalities.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With lateral thrust,there was no significant change in the C7T1-T7T8 intervertebral disc.The concave and convex stress of T7T8-L4L5 segment decreased first and then increased with the increase of lateral thrust force.The correction effect of lateral thrust on the segment near T8T9 was obvious and weakened with the extension of the segment to the cephalic and caudal ends.At 120 N of lateral thrust,the thoracic Cobb angle changed from 53.2° to 32.5° and the lumbar Cobb angle changed from 50.2° to 43.9°.(2)With the vertical distraction,the thoracic intervertebral disc stresses first decreased and then increased,and all the lumbar disc stresses decreased.The C7 displacement was the most obvious,and the correction effect gradually diminished with the segment extended to the caudal end.At a vertical distraction force of 120 N,the thoracic Cobb angle changed from 53.2° to 39.4° and the lumbar Cobb angle changed from 50.2° to 47.6°.(3)It is concluded that both orthopedic modalities provide improvement in the degree of scoliosis,with the thoracic correction being greater than the lumbar correction.Also,the asymmetric stress distribution on the concave and convex sides is improved,which contributes to normal bone growth.A vertical distraction approach is appropriate for larger Cobb angles,and a lateral thrust approach is appropriate for smaller Cobb angles.The results of this study help to understand the mechanism of spinal orthosis and provide a theoretical basis for the choice of orthopedic approach.

Objective:To analyze the changes and significance in clinical cardiac indicators of early cardiac myocardial dysfunction and cardiac substructure dose during conventional radiotherapy for N 2-N 3 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mediastinal lymph node metastases. Methods:The data of 34 NSCLC patients with lymph node metastases in regions 4-8 admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from June 2022 to August 2023 were observed and analyzed. All patients were treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy with a prescribed dose of 60-70 Gy. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured at 6 time points: within 1 week before radiotherapy ( t0); when the cumulative radiotherapy dose reaches 20 Gy ( t20), 40 Gy ( t40), 60 Gy ( t60) during radiotherapy; within 1 week after radiotherapy ( tp); 1 month after radiotherapy( tp1). Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and left atrial global longitudinal strain (LAGLS) were assessed at 4 time points: t0, t40, tp and tp1, respectively. The changes in cardiac indicators at different time points during radiotherapy and their correlation with substructure doses were analyzed using analysis of variance, linear regression analysis, and Pearson correlation. Results:The correlation between cardiac substructure dose and mean heart dose (MHD) in the study cohort in the descending order was as follows: left ventricle ( B=0.43, P<0.001), right ventricle ( B=0.37, P=0.002), left atrium ( B=0.16, P<0.001), and right atrium ( B=0.15, P=0.001). There were significant differences in the changes of LVGLS and LAGLS across different time points ( F=3.13, P=0.029; F=17.18, P<0.001). At 1 month after radiation, LAGLS was significantly decreased compared to pre-radiation levels ( P=0.009), whereas no significant difference was observed in LVGLS ( P=1.000). No significant differences were observed in the changes of cTnT and NT-proBNP across different time points (all P>0.05). Significant correlations were identified between cTnT and right ventricle mean dose at t40 ( r=0.38, P=0.025), as well as between NT-proBNP and right atrium mean dose at t60 and tp ( r=0.54, P=0.001; r=0.41, P=0.016). Conclusions:At present, there is no significant difference between the sensitive serum markers of myocardial injury and LVGLS in detecting early myocardial injury. LAGLS may hold substantial clinical value. There is uncertainty about radiation injury and repair of various cardiac substructures.

Objective:To investigate the effect of innovative perioperative pain management on prostate cancer patients with he-maturia undergoing prostatic artery embolization(PAE).Methods:A total of 60 patients undergoing PAE in the Interventional Ther-apy Department of General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from May 2024 to January 2025 were selected by convenience sam-pling method and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group,with 30 patients in each group.The control group received traditional pain management of nursing.An innovative perioperative pain management was performed in intervention group in-cluding preoperative"body-mind-pain"holistic assessment and preparation,intraoperative humanistic care and real-time support,post-operative multimodal analgesia and rehabilitation,dynamic monitoring and closed-loop feedback.The pain degree after 6 hours,1 day,3 days and 1 week of the operation,and the quality of life after 1 week of operation,as well as nursing satisfaction at discharge were compared between the two groups.Results:The VAS scores of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the con-trol group after 6 hours,1 day,3 days and 1 week of operation(P＜0.05).One week after the operation,the quality of life in the ob-servation group was higher than that of the control group significantly(P＜0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group at discharge(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The application of innovative perioperative pain management can alleviate pain of patients with PAE,which improves the quality of life and nursing satisfaction of patients,and is conducive to the rehabilitation of patients.

BACKGROUND:The asymmetrical biomechanical environment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can lead to further wedge deformation of the vertebral body,which may affect cardiopulmonary function and compress nerves in severe cases.Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with different degrees of scoliosis should be treated with exercise,bracing,and surgery.However,the mechanical mechanism of selecting an orthopedic approach remains unclear due to the individual variability of patients.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biomechanical mechanism of different orthopedic modalities for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to provide a basis for clinical selection of treatment modalities based on the spine model of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients.METHODS:Based on the CT images of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patient,a scoliosis model(C7-L5)was reconstructed in Mimics software in three dimensions,and lateral thrust force was applied at the T8/T9 thorax and vertical distraction force was applied over the C7 vertebra with the magnitude of 20,40,60,80,100,and 120 N.The intervertebral disc stress and vertebral displacement in concave and convex sides,and Cobb angle of the spine were analyzed under two orthopedic modalities.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With lateral thrust,there was no significant change in the C7T1-T7T8 intervertebral disc.The concave and convex stress of T7T8-L4L5 segment decreased first and then increased with the increase of lateral thrust force.The correction effect of lateral thrust on the segment near T8T9 was obvious and weakened with the extension of the segment to the cephalic and caudal ends.At 120 N of lateral thrust,the thoracic Cobb angle changed from 53.2° to 32.5° and the lumbar Cobb angle changed from 50.2° to 43.9°.(2)With the vertical distraction,the thoracic intervertebral disc stresses first decreased and then increased,and all the lumbar disc stresses decreased.The C7 displacement was the most obvious,and the correction effect gradually diminished with the segment extended to the caudal end.At a vertical distraction force of 120 N,the thoracic Cobb angle changed from 53.2° to 39.4° and the lumbar Cobb angle changed from 50.2° to 47.6°.(3)It is concluded that both orthopedic modalities provide improvement in the degree of scoliosis,with the thoracic correction being greater than the lumbar correction.Also,the asymmetric stress distribution on the concave and convex sides is improved,which contributes to normal bone growth.A vertical distraction approach is appropriate for larger Cobb angles,and a lateral thrust approach is appropriate for smaller Cobb angles.The results of this study help to understand the mechanism of spinal orthosis and provide a theoretical basis for the choice of orthopedic approach.

Objective:To analyze the changes and significance in clinical cardiac indicators of early cardiac myocardial dysfunction and cardiac substructure dose during conventional radiotherapy for N 2-N 3 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mediastinal lymph node metastases. Methods:The data of 34 NSCLC patients with lymph node metastases in regions 4-8 admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from June 2022 to August 2023 were observed and analyzed. All patients were treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy with a prescribed dose of 60-70 Gy. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured at 6 time points: within 1 week before radiotherapy ( t0); when the cumulative radiotherapy dose reaches 20 Gy ( t20), 40 Gy ( t40), 60 Gy ( t60) during radiotherapy; within 1 week after radiotherapy ( tp); 1 month after radiotherapy( tp1). Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and left atrial global longitudinal strain (LAGLS) were assessed at 4 time points: t0, t40, tp and tp1, respectively. The changes in cardiac indicators at different time points during radiotherapy and their correlation with substructure doses were analyzed using analysis of variance, linear regression analysis, and Pearson correlation. Results:The correlation between cardiac substructure dose and mean heart dose (MHD) in the study cohort in the descending order was as follows: left ventricle ( B=0.43, P<0.001), right ventricle ( B=0.37, P=0.002), left atrium ( B=0.16, P<0.001), and right atrium ( B=0.15, P=0.001). There were significant differences in the changes of LVGLS and LAGLS across different time points ( F=3.13, P=0.029; F=17.18, P<0.001). At 1 month after radiation, LAGLS was significantly decreased compared to pre-radiation levels ( P=0.009), whereas no significant difference was observed in LVGLS ( P=1.000). No significant differences were observed in the changes of cTnT and NT-proBNP across different time points (all P>0.05). Significant correlations were identified between cTnT and right ventricle mean dose at t40 ( r=0.38, P=0.025), as well as between NT-proBNP and right atrium mean dose at t60 and tp ( r=0.54, P=0.001; r=0.41, P=0.016). Conclusions:At present, there is no significant difference between the sensitive serum markers of myocardial injury and LVGLS in detecting early myocardial injury. LAGLS may hold substantial clinical value. There is uncertainty about radiation injury and repair of various cardiac substructures.

Objective: This study characterized the resistance phenotype and genotype of K. intermedia L-40-1, isolated from a pig in Jilin Province, China, and investigated the genomic determinants of its antibiotic resistance. Methods: 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify the strain. The resistance phenotype was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and resistance determinants were characterized by whole-genome sequencing. Comparative genomic analysis against the national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) database of K. intermedia strains was conducted to determine phylogenetic relationships and resistance gene profiles. Results: L-40-1 exhibited high resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides. Comparative analysis identified 19 high-frequency resistance genes (e.g., arnT, rsmA, emrR, and acrA). A 159,618 bp plasmid (PYL-8) harbored multiple resistance genes (e.g., sul1, dfrA27, qnrB6, and tet(D)) and transposons (e.g., IS6, IS1, and Tn3), contributing to its multidrug resistance. Chromosomal and plasmid-borne resistance mechanisms were identified. Conclusions and Relevance: K. intermedia L-40-1 uses a combination of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance genes, facilitated by transposons, to confer multidrug resistance. This highlights the need for surveillance of K. intermedia in livestock to mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Yigongsan is derived from Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi in the Northern Song dynasty， which is the No. 3 formula in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（The Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） in September 2022， and it can be developed as a class 3.1 new TCM drug. By referring to ancient medical books and modern literature， this study conducted herbal textual research on Yigongsan from five aspects， including historical evolution， origin and processing， dosage conversion， usage and preparation methods， and functional application， then formed the key information table of this formula， in order to provide reference for the development of reference samples and preparations of Yigongsan. Based on the results of the study， it is recommended that Panax ginseng should be removed the basal part of stem（rhizoma）， Poria cocos should be removed the peel， Citrus reticulata should be cut into shreds and Glycyrrhiza uralensis should be used. According to 4.13 g/Qian（钱）， 1 g/slice for ginger， 3 g for each jujube and 300 mL/Zhan（盏）， the doses of Ginseng Radix， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Jujubae Fructus were 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 5， 6 g， and the total amount was 19.26 g. The decocting method was to crush the medicinal materials into fine powder with 50-80 mesh， add 300 mL of water and decoct to 210 mL for each dose， then remove the dregs and take it warmly. This formula was recorded in ancient books as the main treatment for the cold-deficiency of spleen and stomach， and Qi stagnation in children with vomiting and diarrhea and lack of appetite. It has been flexibly applied by later generations of physicians， and is often used to treat anorexia， inflammation of the digestive tract， diarrhea and other diseases in children.

BACKGROUND:Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with chronic rheumatic immunity.Soft tissue ossification and fusion and spinal stiffness can cause biomechanical changes. OBJECTIVE:To reconstruct the lumbar-sacral intervertebral disc in ankylosing spondylitis patients with lumbar kyphosis by finite element analysis,and to study the range of motion of each segment of T11-S1 and the biomechanical characteristics of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. METHODS:The imaging data were obtained from an ankylosing spondylitis patient with lumbar kyphosis.The original CT image data of continuously scanned spine were imported into Mimics 21.0 in DICOM format,and T11-S1 was reconstructed respectively.The established model was imported into 3-Matic software in the format of"Stl"to reconstruct the intervertebral disc,and the fibrous intervertebral disc model was obtained.The improved model was further imported into Hypermesh software,and the vertebra,nucleus pulposus,annulus fibrosus and ligament were mesh-divided.After the material properties were given,the model was imported into ABAQUS software to observe the range of motion of each vertebral body in seven different working conditions of T11-S1,and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of each segment of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The range of motion of L1 vertebrae was higher than that of other vertebrae under six different working conditions:extension,forward flexion,rotation(left and right),and lateral flexion(left and right).The maximum range of motion was 2.18° during L1 vertebral flexion,and the minimum range of motion was 0.12° during L5 vertebral extension.(2)The annular fiber flexion at L2-L3 segments was greater than the extension(P<0.05),and the annular fiber flexion at L3-L4 and L4-L5 segments was less than the extension(P<0.05).The left rotation of L1-L2 annular fibers was greater than the right rotation(P<0.05).The left flexion of the annulus was greater than the right flexion in L1-L2,L2-L3,L3-L4,L4-L5 and L5-S1 segments(P<0.05).(3)The nucleus pulposus stresses of T11-L12,L1-L2,L2-L3,L3-L4 and L4-L5 segments in forward flexion were greater than in extension(P<0.05).The left rotation of T12-L1 and L3-L4 segments was smaller than the right rotation(P<0.05),and that of T11-T12,L1-L2,and L2-L3 segments was larger than the right rotation(P<0.05).The left flexion was larger than the right flexion in the T11-S1 segment.(4)It is concluded that in ankylosing spondylitis patients with lumbar kyphosis,the minimum range of motion of the vertebral body is located at the L5 vertebral body in extension.To prevent fractures,it is recommended to avoid exercise in the extension position.During the onset of lumbar kyphosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis,the maximum stress of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus is located in the L1-L2 segment,which is fixed and will not alter with the change of body position.The late surgical treatment and correction of deformity should focus on releasing the pressure of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus in this segment to avoid the rupture of the annulus fibrosus and the injury of the nucleus pulposus.

BACKGROUND:Ankylosing spondylitis is a progressive inflammation of spinal stiffness deformity caused by tissue ossification and fibrosis.The posture of ankylosing spondylitis patients is abnormal and their activities are limited that minor injuries can lead to thoracolumbar fractures.Traditional medical image observation limits doctors'preoperative decision planning and postoperative disease prevention for ankylosing spondylitis treatment. OBJECTIVE:Based on the spinal model of ankylosing spondylitis patients before and after posterior spinal cancellous ossification osteotomy("Y"osteotomy for short),to explore the biomechanical changes of"Y"osteotomy and fixation in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS:Based on the preoperative and postoperative CT images of an ankylosing spondylitis patient who went to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,a three-dimensional spine model(T11-S1)before and after"Y"osteotomy(L3 osteotomy)was reconstructed in Mimics 19.0 software.A 7.5 Nm torque was applied to the top of T11 vertebral body to simulate the movement of the spine under six conditions:flexion,extension,left bending,right bending,left rotation and right rotation.Finally,the range of motion of each vertebral body,the stress of each intervertebral disc,and the stress of the screw rod system were simulated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After"Y"type osteotomy and posterior fixation,the range of motion of all vertebrae in the spine decreased,and the loss rate of upper vertebrae was large(L1:77.95%).(2)The maximum stress of the spinal intervertebral disc before operation occurred at the L1-L2 segment(0.55 MPa),and the maximum stress of the spinal intervertebral disc after operation occurred at the T11-T12 segment(0.50 MPa),and the stress of intervertebral disc below T12 was far less than that before operation.(3)The maximum stress of the screw rod system(166.67 MPa)occurred in the upper and middle segments of the rod body and the root of the pedicle screw.(4)In conclusion,the"Y"type posterior fixation operation enhances the stability of the spine and reduces the range of motion of the spine.The vertebral body decompression of the fixed segment is great and the stress-shielding phenomenon of the lower vertebral body is significant.The stiffness of the rod body and the stress concentration area of the pedicle screw should be strengthened to avoid the fracture of the rod caused by stress fatigue.