OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

OBJECTIVE To provide standardized guidance for the rational clinical use of antibody-based drugs for the treatment of myasthenia gravis， and to enhance the evidence-based system of guidelines and consensus in this field. METHODS The consensus expert team consisted of 71 multidisciplinary experts from 28 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the Central Government. Evidence was systematically retrieved through multiple databases， drug package inserts， and official websites of international and national health administrative authorities， drug regulatory agencies， healthcare security departments， and related industry associations， up to April 30， 2025. Evidence was graded according to the 2014 version of JBI pre-grading system for evidence from intervention studies. Based on full consideration of the current best evidence and multidisciplinary expert experience， the expert consensus recommendations were formulated using a modified Delphi method. RESULTS The Evidence-based expert consensus on the clinical application and pharmaceutical management of antibody-based drugs for the treatment of myasthenia gravis standardized the key points of whole-process pharmaceutical management for four antibody-based drugs approved for marketing in the mainland of China for the treatment of myasthenia gravis （efgartigimod alfa， efgartigimod alfa/hyaluronidase， eculizumab， and rozanolixizumab）. It formulated 37 expert consensus recommendations covering nine pharmaceutical management aspects： drug suitability selection， medication in special populations， administration methods， drug storage， therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic testing， immunization management， drug interactions， pharmaceutical care， and off-label drug use. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current best evidence and multidisciplinary expert experience， this consensus establishes a whole-process management framework for antibody-based drugs for the treatment of myasthenia gravis， from clinical application to pharmaceutical management. It provides a scientific basis for the rational and precise use of these drugs in clinical practice， effectively promotes the enhancement of pharmaceutical management efficiency， and helps improve the overall therapeutic benefits for patients.

OBJECTIVE To construct a research question system of the Guideline for the Management of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring （hereinafter referred to as the Guideline ）， so as to provide the basis for the formulation of the Guideline . METHODS Based on literature research and expert interviews， the questionnaire about research questions of the Guideline was initially constructed. Through the modified Delphi method， the online questionnaire survey and expert consensus meeting were conducted among the Guideline development experts to determine the research question system of the Guideline . RESULTS A total of 59 questionnaires were distributed， and 52 valid questionnaires were collected. The positive coefficient of experts was 88.14%. The experts came from 21 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the central government， covering multidisciplinary experts related to therapeutic drug monitoring， all of whom held senior professional titles. After one round of survey， a consensus was reached on the research questions， and a research question framework encompassing four research parts was constructed， including： indications for conducting therapeutic drug monitoring （4 first-level research questions，10 second-level research questions， 31 third-level research questions）； therapeutic drug monitoring technical process （3 first-level research questions， 9 second-level research questions， 13 third-level research questions）； result interpretation and clinical application （3 first-level research questions and 3 second-level research questions）； quality control （8 first-level research questions and 12 second-level research questions）. The importance scores for the four parts ranged from 4.71 to 4.88， with full-score rates all no less than 73.08%. The expert authori ty coefficients were all no less than 0.90， the coefficients of variation of importance scores were all no higher than 0.11， and Kendall’s W ranged from 0.464 to 0.626 （all P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The constructed research question system has high authority， scientificity， and reliability， laying a foundation for the standardized formulation of the Guideline .

OBJECTIVE To further standardize the technical operations and management processes throughout therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM）， clarify the clinical value of TDM implementation， improve the scientific validity and reliability of monitoring results， and provide a solid reference basis for the formulation and optimization of clinical individualized precision dosing regimens. METHODS The Guidelines for the Management of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring were formulated in accordance with the latest definition of guidelines by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies and the standard guideline development methodology of the World Health Organization， and in compliance with the requirements of the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation. A modified Delphi method was adopted to establish the research question system； evidence-based medicine research methods were applied to systematically search multiple databases to screen the latest and most comprehensive evidence. Evidence was graded and evaluated based on the evidence grading system of the Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center， and the grading criteria for recommendation strength from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine were used to determine the recommendation strength. The recommendation opinions were formed through multidisciplinary expert consensus. RESULTS The Guidelines for the Management of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring cover four core modules， including TDM application indications， technical procedures， result interpretation and clinical application， and quality control， involving 18 primary research questions， 34 secondary research questions， and yield 82 recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The guidelines systematically standardize the key technical links and management requirements of the whole TDM process， provide scientific and operable standardized tools， help improve the standardization level of TDM work， promote the translation of monitoring results into clinical decision-making， and provide strong support for precision personalized medicine and ensuring the safety and rationality of medication use.

Tumor-related insomnia is one of the common complications of tumor patients,which is secondary to tumor disease and related to tumor disease itself or tumor treatment.Combined with the unique pathogenesis of"heat-toxicity internal stagnation"of tumor-related insomnia,the important treatment methods are to clear away heat,attack toxicity,regulate qi and supplement healthy qi.This article explained the research status,etiology and pathogenesis,treatment principles of the disease,in order to provide new ideas and methods for the differentiation and treatment of tumor-related insomnia in TCM.

OBJECTIVE To standardize the main processes and related technical links of the clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs， and provide guidance and reference for improving the quality of comprehensive evaluation evidence and its transformation and application value. METHODS The construction of Guideline for the Workflow of Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation of Drugs was based on the standard guideline formulation method of the World Health Organization （WHO）， strictly followed the latest definition of guidelines by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States， and conformed to the six major areas of the Guideline Research and Evaluation Tool Ⅱ. Delphi method was adopted to construct the research questions； research evidence was established by applying the research methods of evidence-based medicine. The evidence quality classification system of the Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center was adopted for evidence classification and evaluation. The recommendation strength was determined by the recommendation strength classification standard formulated by the Oxford University Evidence-Based Medicine Center， and the recommendation opinions were formed through the expert consensus method. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The Guideline for the Workflow of Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation of Drugs covers 4 major categories of research questions， including topic selection， evaluation implementation， evidence evaluation， and application and transformation of results. The formulation of this guideline has standardized the technical links of the entire process of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs， which can effectively guide the high-quality and high-efficient development of this work， enhance the standardized output and transformation application value of evaluation evidence， and provide high-quality evidence support for the scientific decision-making of health and the rationalization of clinical medication.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the medication needs of parents of pediatric children in our hospital regarding drug instructions， and explore improvement strategies， thereby providing a basis for clinically guiding the rational use of drugs in pediatric patients. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire was used to randomly select the parents of pediatric patients in the pediatric outpatient and emergency departments of our hospital from July 1st to September 30th， 2024. A randomized face-to-face survey was conducted regarding their willingness to read drug instructions， their current understanding status， and their needs. The survey results were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed in this survey， and 299 valid questionnaires were recovered， with an effective recovery rate of 99.7%. Before medication， the parents who “always” and “often” read the drug instructions in detail accounted for 39.1% （117 respondents） and 35.1% （105 respondents）， respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the willingness to read drug instructions among respondents with varying educational levels and occupations （P＜0.05）. Among the 299 respondents， only 48 people （16.1%）“ fully understood” the drug instructions， and the average understanding score of all the respondents was （3.77±0.83） points. The stronger the respondents’ willingness to read drug instructions， the higher their understanding scores of drug instructions （P＜0.05）. A total of 256 respondents thought that drug instructions were of great help to themselves， and the average helpfulness rating score of all the respondents was （4.28±0.78） points. Under the conditions of varying ages， educational levels， occupations， and willingness to read drug instructions， statistically significant differences were observed in the scores representing the degree of helpfulness of drug instructions to the respondents （P＜0.05）. Respondents paid the most attention to content in drug instructions such as “dosage and administration method”，“ adverse reactions”， and “indications and therapeutic categories”. The most difficult sections for them to understand included “chemical structure and properties”， “pharmacological and toxicological effects” ， and “pharmacokinetics”， etc. The demographic characteristics of the respondents were not significantly associated with the content areas of drug instructions they most desired to see improved （P＞0.05）. Most respondents （86.0%） hoped to improve the instructions mainly by “simplifying professional terms to make them more accessible”. Others included “highlighting key information” （60.5%） and “providing more detailed medication guidance” （49.2%）， etc. CONCLUSIONS Parents of pediatric patients in our hospital have a high demand for drug instructions but low comprehension. The pharmacy department should make targeted improvements to drug instructions based on parents’ actual needs， helping them accurately obtain medication knowledge and reduce potential medication safety risks.

OBJECTIVE To construct the research questions and topic selection evaluation index system of the Guideline for Topic Selection for Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Drugs （hereinafter referred to as the Guideline）， so as to provide the basis for the formulation of the Guideline. METHODS Through literature research， an expert questionnaire on the research questions and evaluation index system of the Guideline was initially constructed. Experts were selected according to relevant requirements of the guideline formulation and Delphi method； the research questions and evaluation indicators of the Guideline were screened by electronic questionnaire communication， and the weights of evaluation index system of topic selection were assigned by the analytic hierarchy process. RESULTS Five research questions of the Guideline were constructed， including the organization and management of theme selection， evaluation process， evaluation methods， evaluation index system， and index weight assignment. And a theme selection and evaluation index system， including 5 primary indexes， 9 secondary indexes and 17 tertiary indexes， was constructed. Kendall coefficients of the research questions and all indexes were ＞0.4， and the P values of χ2 test were＜0.05， which meant the evaluation results were consistent. The weights of all levels of the evaluation index system were assigned by analytic hierarchy process with consistency ratio of 0.007 6 （＜0.1）， and the model matrix passed the consistency test. CONCLUSIONS The research questions and topic selection evaluation index system of the Guideline established in this study are highly authoritative， scientific and reliable， which lay a foundation for the standardization of the Guideline.

Sonodynamic therapy（SDT）has garnered significant attention in cancer treatment modalities due to its superior tissue penetration capabilities，non-invasive approach，and controllability. SDT operates by utilizing sonosensitizers and ultrasound-responsive devices to induce the production of reactive oxygen species（ROS）under ultrasound stimulation，thereby eliciting immunogenic cell death（ICD）in tumor cells and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns，which in turn trigger an immune response against the tumor.However，the tumor microenvironment often results in a relatively weak immune response post-cancer treatment. To address this issue，extensive research is being conducted on combining SDT with immunotherapy，particularly focusing on immune checkpoint blockade（ICB）therapies. This review synthesizes the mechanisms of SDT，its integration with immunotherapy，especially ICB therapies，and the current state of research，with the objective of providing strategic guidance for the advancement of sonodynamic immunotherapy.

The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography( UPLC) characteristic fingerprints of Angelica dahurica and A. dahurica var. formosana were established. The compounds corresponding to common peaks were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry( UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The results were combined with chemometrics and quantitative analysis of multi-components with a single-marker method(QAMS) to study the quality control of A. dahurica and A. dahurica var. formosana. The separation was performed on a Titank C_(18) column(2. 1 mm × 150 mm, 1. 8 μm)with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 2% formic acid at a flow rate of 0. 3 m L·min~(-1). The column temperature was 35 ℃ and the injection volume was 1. 2 μL. Seven batches of A. dahurica and 11 batches of A. dahurica var. formosana were injected and analyzed. The UPLC characteristic fingerprints of A. dahurica and A. dahurica var. formosana were established according to the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine( version 2012), and 19 and 20 characteristic peaks were matched respectively. The common peaks were identified by reference substance comparison and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Cluster analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were performed to analyze the chemical pattern recognition of A. dahurica and A. dahurica var. formosana. The results of CA and PCA could distinguish Angelicae Dahuricae Radix from different producing areas, and the differential quality markers of A. dahurica and A. dahurica var. formosana were obtained by OPLS-DA. With imperatorin as the internal reference, the relative correction factors of oxypeucedanin hydrate, byakangelicin, bergapten, isopimpinellin, oxypeucedanin, and isoimperatorin were 1. 310, 1. 069, 0. 729, 0. 633, 0. 753, and 1. 010, respectively. There was no significant difference between the QAMS and external standard method(ESM)results of each component, indicating that the QAMS established with imperatorin as the internal reference was accurate and reliable. The characteristic fingerprints, chemometrics, and QAMS established in this study can quickly and efficiently control the quality of A. dahurica and A. dahurica var. formosana.
Quality Control ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Angelica/chemistry* ; Chemometrics/methods* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Principal Component Analysis