Objective In order to understand the current resistance status of Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) adult population to commonly used insecticides and the resistance dynamics development in Zhejiang Province and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational use of hygienic insecticides. Methods Resistance determination was carried out using the diagnostic dose method(GB/T 26347-2010)recommended by WHO in the adult mosquito contact cylinder method to monitor the resistance of Ae. albopictus field populations in 11 cities and districts in Zhejiang Province in 2024. Results The monitoring result showed that adult Ae. albopictus in 11 areas were resistant or suspected resistant populations to both cis-cypermethrin and permethrin; suspected and resistant populations to the organophosphate insecticide malathion were as high as 81.82%; while suspected resistance to the carbamate insecticide residual carbofuran accounted for 45.45%, and the rest of the monitoring sites were sensitive to it. Conclusions The result suggest that the generalized resistance of Ae. albopictus populations to pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides in the field in Zhejiang Province needs to be highly emphasized. In future mosquito vector and mosquito-borne disease control, insecticides should be selected based on the resistance monitoring information, while following scientific guidelines for insecticide use.

Objective: To analyze the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and changes in its risk factors among residents in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2021, so as to identify key priorities for COPD prevention and control. Methods: Data on COPD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for residents in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Standardized mortality and standardized DALY rate were calculated using the GBD 2021 world population standard structure. Premature mortality was computed via the life table method. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was applied to analyze trends in COPD mortality, DALY rate, and premature mortality. Changes in deaths of COPD risk factors were evaluated using population attributable fraction (PAF). Results: From 1990 to 2021, the standardized COPD mortality in Zhejiang Province decreased from 272.40/100 000 to 70.56/100 000 (AAPC=-4.395%), and the standardized DALY rate declined from 4 167.37/100 000 to 1 071.89/100 000 (AAPC=-4.396%). Similar downward trends were observed in both males (AAPC=-3.933%, -4.173%) and females (AAPC=-4.785%, -4.480%), all P<0.05. Crude mortality and DALY rates increased with age, and the crude mortality and DALY rates of various age groups in Zhejiang Province showed decreasing trends from 1990 to 2021 (all P<0.05). The premature mortality declined from 4.37% to 0.60% from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC=- 6.206%), with consistent trends across males and females (AAPC=- 6.144%, - 6.379%, all P<0.05). From 1990 to 2021, particulate matter pollution showed the largest reduction in PAF (- 56.76%), while ambient ozone pollution had the largest increase (103.07%) in Zhejiang Province. By 2021, smoking became the leading risk factor for deaths of COPD (PAF=43.32%). Conclusions The standardized mortality, standardized DALY rate, and premature mortality for COPD show consistent declining trends in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2021. However, risk factors such as smoking and ambient ozone pollution require intensified focus to further reduce disease burden of COPD.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of hippocampal neuronal plasticity of newborn neurons in the hippocampus by which exercise improves the fear and anxiety symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Methods Totally 40 C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into by control group(Ctrl)and PTSD group,the PTSD group was divided into a no-exercise group(PTSD),a low-intensity exercise group(L)and a high-intensity exercise group(H).The PTSD model mice were constructed by combining conditioned plantar-foot shock(CF)and single-session sustained stress(SPS).After the exercise intervention,the fear and anxiety levels of the mice were assessed using the conditioned fear test and the elevated cross maze test;Subsequently,the densities of the newborn mature neurons in dentate gyrus(DG)of hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescent double-labelling staining,and the newborn neuron morphology was marked by injecting retrovirus pRetro-U6-EF1-EGFP-3xFLAG-WPRE in DG of hippocampus to observe its morphology.The morphology of the newborn neurons was labelled to observe their dendritic length and the number of branch points;Meanwhile,the concentration level of adiponctin(APN)in the hippocampal area was determined by ELISA.Results The result showed that both high and low-intensity exercise interventions significantly reduced the freezing time of PTSD mice in the conditioned fear test,and in the elevated cross maze experiment,the residence time and the number of entries in the open arm of the mice in the H group increased significantly compared with those in the PTSD group,while the residence time and the number of entries in the closed arm were significantly reduced.In addition,both high and low-intensity exercise interventions significantly increased the surface density and dendritic length of newborn mature neurons in the hippocampal DG region of PTSD mice,and high-intensity exercise significantly increased the number of dendritic branching points,and the density of newborn mature neurons in the H group was more significantly increased compared with that in the L group.At the same time,the hippocampal APN concentration increased significantly in both L and H groups compared with the PTSD group,and it was more significant in the H group.Conclusion Exercises have an ameliorative effect on anxiety and fear symptoms in PTSD mice,and at the same time,it can increase hippocampal neuroplasticity and adiponctin secretion in PTSD mice,suggesting that the improvement of fear and anxiety symptoms in PTSD by exercise may be related to the increase of hippocampal neuroplasticity and APN secretion,and the improvement effect is better with high-intensity exercise.

A method for simultaneous determination of 21 kinds of Aconitum alkaloids(ATS)in biological specimens and infused liquor using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)was developed.The biological samples were pretreated with methanol-acetonitrile(1∶2,V/V)for protein precipitation,while infused liquors were diluted 100-fold with acetonitrile,followed by centrifugation,and filtration by a 0.22-μm membrane.Chromatographic separation was carried out on an EC-C18 column using gradient elution with the mixture of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.2%formic acid as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B.With this method,all the analytes were separated within 9.5 min.The samples were detected in positive ESI mode with dynamic multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)and quantified via external standard calibration.The results showed that the concentrations of the analytes in the range of 2-1000 ng/mL had excellent linearity(R2>0.9992)with the peak area.The developed method was successfully used for detection of 21 kinds of aconitum alkaloids,with limits of detection of 0.5-2 ng/mL,quantification limits of 2-6 ng/mL,intra/inter-day precision≤6.0%,spiked recoveries of 89.4%-100.9%,extraction recoveries of 74.2%-104.4%,and matrix effects ranging from-11.1%to 9.2%in blood/urine.The method was applied to detection of 12 samples from 4 fatal aconite poisoning cases,and all 21 kinds of ATS with total alkaloid concentrations of 0.04-4.18 μg/mL in blood and 154.96-422.83 μg/mL in medicinal liquors were detected.Tissue distribution revealed that the order of concentrations from highest to lowest is as follows:urine(157.22 μg/mL)>gastric contents(51.37 μg/mL)>kidney(21.6 μg/g)>whole blood(4.18 μg/mL)>liver(0.03 μg/g).This method showed many advantages such as simple pretreatment,low detection limits,accurate quantification,broad analyte coverage,and superior anti-interference capability in complex matrices,proving ideal for forensic and toxicological analysis of aconitum alkaloids.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and genetic etiology of a child with a SETD1B gene variant causing seizures and language delay. METHODS: A child with a SETD1B gene variant admitted to the Department of Pediatric Neurology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in September 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child were collected, and peripheral blood samples from the child and her parents were obtained. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for genetic testing, and Sanger sequencing was used for familial validation of the candidate variant. Using "SETD1B" and "epilepsy" as the Chinese and English keywords, relevant cases were retrieved from databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, OMIM and PubMed, with the search period spanning from database inception to June 2024. RESULTS: The child was a 6-year-old female presenting with myoclonic seizures accompanied by global developmental delay. WES and Sanger sequencing revealed that the child has carried a de novo SETD1B gene variant, namely c.5582G>A (p.Cys1961Tyr). According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines for sequence variant interpretation, this variant was classified as likely pathogenic (PS2+PM2_Supporting+PP2+PP3). The child was not controlled with effective doses of valproate, levetiracetam, or clonazepam but was successfully managed with low-dose lamotrigine. Follow-up electroencephalography showed normal results, and developmental progress gradually improved. A total of 37 epilepsy cases with SETD1B gene variants were reported across six studies. The predominant seizure types included absence seizures and myoclonic absence seizures, accompanied by delayed language development. The response to pharmacological treatment was generally poor, with no significant difference in incidence between males and females. CONCLUSION SETD1B gene variants may cause neurological disorders with drug-resistant epilepsy and severe clinical manifestations. Lamotrigine is effective in controlling the epileptic seizures.
Humans ; Female ; Child ; Epilepsy/genetics* ; Language Development Disorders/genetics* ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics* ; Exome Sequencing ; Male

This study explores whether the current external quality assessment (EQA) level and acceptable bias for basic semen analysis in China are clinically useful. We collected data of semen EQA from Andrology laboratories in the Hunan Province (China) in 2022 and searched for data in the published literature from January 2000 to December 2023 in China. On the basis of these data, we analyzed the coefficients of variation and acceptable biases of different quality control materials for basic semen analysis through robust statistics. We compared these findings with quality specifications based on biological variation from optimal, desirable, and minimum levels of bias to seek a unified and more suitable semen EQA bias evaluation standard for China's national conditions. Different sources of semen quality control material exhibited considerable variation in acceptable biases among laboratories, ranging from 8.2% to 56.9%. A total of 50.0% of the laboratories met the minimum quality specifications for progressive motility (PR), whereas 100.0% and 75.0% of laboratories met only the minimum quality specifications for sperm concentration and total motility (nonprogressive [NP] + PR), respectively. The Z value for sperm concentration and PR+NP was equivalent to the desirable performance specification, whereas the Z value for PR was equivalent only to the minimum performance specification. This study highlights the feasibility of operating external quality assessment schemes for basic semen analysis using quality specifications based on biological variation. These specifications should be unified among external quality control (EQC) centers based on biological variation.
Semen Analysis/standards* ; Humans ; China ; Male ; Quality Control ; Sperm Motility ; Sperm Count/standards*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the application value of genetic newborn screening (gNBS) in the Yunnan region. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with a random selection of 3 001 newborns born in the Yunnan region from February to December 2021. Traditional newborn screening (tNBS) was used to test biochemical indicators, and targeted next-generation sequencing was employed to screen 159 genes related to 156 diseases. Positive-screened newborns underwent validation and confirmation tests, and confirmed cases received standardized treatment and long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 3 001 newborns, 166 (5.53%) were initially positive for genetic screening, and 1 435 (47.82%) were genetic carriers. The top ten genes with the highest variation frequency were GJB2 (21.29%), DUOX2 (7.27%), HBA (6.14%), GALC (3.63%), SLC12A3 (3.33%), HBB (3.03%), G6PD (2.94%), SLC25A13 (2.90%), PAH (2.73%), and UNC13D (2.68%). Among the initially positive newborns from tNBS and gNBS, 33 (1.10%) and 47 (1.57%) cases were confirmed, respectively. A total of 48 (1.60%) cases were confirmed using gNBS+tNBS. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the areas under the curve for tNBS, gNBS, and gNBS+tNBS in diagnosing diseases were 0.866, 0.982, and 0.968, respectively (P<0.05). DeLong's test showed that the area under the curve for gNBS and gNBS+tNBS was higher than that for tNBS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS gNBS can expand the range of disease detection, and its combined use with tNBS can significantly shorten diagnosis time, enabling early intervention and treatment.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Genetic Testing ; Female ; Male ; Follow-Up Studies ; Prospective Studies ; China

Objective:To analyze the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with MRI in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and early stage invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Methods:From September 2019 to December 2023, 12 patients with DCIS (all females; age 36-67 years) and 34 patients with early stage IDC (all females; age 36-73 years) in Qingdao Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The general clinical information, MRI features, and 18F-FDG PET/CT features of patients were analyzed. χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. The independent predictors of DCIS were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The value of different indicators in diagnosing DCIS was analyzed using ROC curves analysis, and Delong test was used to assess the differences among AUCs. Results:The differences in tumor metabolic volume (MTV; 18.55(10.90, 76.30) vs 4.00(2.00, 11.45)cm 3) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG; 44.85(25.30, 125.30) vs 9.40(6.68, 22.35)g) of breast lesion, enhancement pattern (non-mass enhancement (NME); 8/12 vs 29.4%(10/34)), lobulation sign (0/12 vs 58.8%(20/34)), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; 1.33 (1.16, 1.63)×10 -3vs 1.08 (0.75, 1.28)×10 -3mm 2/s) between DCIS and early stage IDC groups were statistically significant ( Z values: from -3.91 to -2.56, χ2=5.17, all P<0.05). When differentiating DCIS from early stage IDC, NME (odds ratio ( OR)=36.50, 95% CI: 2.15-618.52, P=0.013), ADC ( OR=7.85, 95% CI: 1.11-55.46, P=0.044), and TLG ( OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11, P=0.007) were independent predictors. The AUC of the three predictors combination was 0.941, which was higher than those of single predictors ( Z values: 2.00-2.80, P values: 0.005-0.046). Conclusion:The combination of 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI improves the efficacy of differential diagnosis between DCIS and early stage IDC, thereby providing a basis for developing personalized treatment plans for patients.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the costs of hospital rehabilitation after the reform of health insurance payments in the past 6 years, and to identify relevant factors which can provide a reference for the reform of the health insurance payment system in rehabilitation department.Methods:Information on 16, 827 patients hospitalized in the rehabilitation department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University between May 2018 and May 2024 was collected and subjected to non-parametric analysis.Results:The average hospitalization cost of rehabilitation department patients over the six years was Y14, 574.92±10, 524.79. During that time the proportion of the cost attributable to Western medicine decreased from 17.1% in 2018 to 7.6% in 2024. The proportion of the patients with hypertension was 51.94%, followed by diabetes mellitus (20.10%). Those with infections had the highest total hospitalization costs. Motor disorders were the most common dysfunction (59.02%), followed by speech disorders (17.45%). Patients with swallowing disorders had the highest hospitalization costs. After the payment system shifted from fee-for-service (FFS) to payment by diagnosis-related group (DRG) in 2023, the average daily inpatient expenditures for rehabilitation patients with all types of diseases gradually declined, reaching its lowest level in 2024.Conclusions:After the health insurance payments shifted from FFS to DRG, the proportion of in patients′ total drug costs decreased annually, and the average daily costs of patients with different types of diseases also decreased significantly, but the comprehensive service fee and diagnostic costs increased.

Objective:To explore the clinical features and genetic etiology of a child with a SETD1B gene variant causing seizures and language delay. Methods:A child with a SETD1B gene variant admitted to the Department of Pediatric Neurology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in September 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child were collected, and peripheral blood samples from the child and her parents were obtained. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for genetic testing, and Sanger sequencing was used for familial validation of the candidate variant. Using " SETD1B" and " epilepsy" as the Chinese and English keywords, relevant cases were retrieved from databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, OMIM and PubMed, with the search period spanning from database inception to June 2024. Results:① The child was a 6-year-old female presenting with myoclonic seizures accompanied by global developmental delay. ② WES and Sanger sequencing revealed that the child has carried a de novo SETD1B gene variant, namely, c. 5582G>A (p.Cys1961Tyr). According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines for sequence variant interpretation, this variant was classified as likely pathogenic (PS2+ PM2_Supporting+ PP2+ PP3). ③ The child was not controlled with effective doses of valproate, levetiracetam, or clonazepam but was successfully managed with low-dose lamotrigine. Follow-up electroencephalography showed normal results, and developmental progress gradually improved. ④ A total of 37 epilepsy cases with SETD1B gene variants were reported across six studies. The predominant seizure types included absence seizures and myoclonic absence seizures, accompanied by delayed language development. The response to pharmacological treatment was generally poor, with no statistically significant difference in incidence between males and females. Conclusion:SETD1B gene variant may induced neurological disorders with drug-resistant epilepsy and severe clinical manifestations. Lamotrigine is effective in controlling the epileptic seizures.