ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating chronic gastritis （CG） in China. By analyzing their variety characteristics and prescription patterns， it seeks to provide references for clinical syndrome differentiation-based drug selection， treatment method optimization， and the design of high-quality clinical research. MethodsInformation on marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG was collected. Microsoft Excel software was used to collate and statistically analyze representative drugs for each pathological stage， market status， syndrome types， and other contents. The Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform （V2.3.9） was employed to analyze the formula composition patterns of standardized prescriptions. ResultsA total of 141 marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG in China were included. Based on the disease's pathological progression， they can be classified into drugs for non-atrophic gastritis， atrophic gastritis， and precancerous lesions. Post-marketing research reveals that relevant evaluation is only conducted on 17 drugs， of which 2 involve pharmacoeconomic studies and 14 possess standardized evidence-based evidence. The primary dosage forms were capsules， granules， and tablets. From the 100 prescriptions screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria， the varieties indicated for the stomach collateral stasis syndrome in atrophic gastritis accounted for the highest proportion. The main efficacy distributions were clearing heat， detoxifying， and relieving pain by promoting Qi circulation. Core drugs included Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome， Paeoniae Radix Alba， and Aucklandiae Radix. Medicinal properties were predominantly warm and neutral. Flavors were mainly bitter， pungent， and sweet. The drugs primarily entered the spleen and stomach meridians. Analysis of the package inserts reveals that 67 products list "contraindications"， 110 include "precautions"， and 23 explicitly state "adverse reactions". ConclusionTraditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG hold unique value in clinical practice. However， currently there are challenges such as insufficient clarity in syndrome type descriptions within package inserts and a relative lack of high-level evidence-based medical evidence， as well as pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Future efforts should focus on addressing these shortcomings by advancing research on syndrome characteristics and medication patterns based on syndrome differentiation， systematically conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluations， strengthening the accumulation of high-level evidence-based evidence， and， on this basis， improving patient medication adherence. This will comprehensively enhance the clinical application value and scientific connotation of this category of drugs.

Objective To observe the effect of Sishen Pills on the expression of TREK-1 signaling pathway in rats of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D);To explore its mechanism in treating IBS-D.Methods Ten SPF-grade SD rats were randomly selected as the normal group,and the remaining 30 rats were used to prepare the IBS-D rat model by senna gavage combined with water stress avoidance method,and then the modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group,Western medicine group(15.23 mg/kg pivoxyl bromide)and Chinese medicine group(7.32 g/kg Sishen Pills).The medication groups were gavaged by corresponding drugs,and the normal group and model group were given equal volume of pure water,once a day,for consecutive 14 d.The general state of the rats was observed,the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),protein kinase A(PKA)and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK)were detected by ELISA,the positive expressions of biportal potassium channel TREK-1 and p-ERK in colonic tissue were detected by immunofluorescence,the expressions of cAMP,PKA and p-ERK protein were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the body mass of rats in the model group was significantly reduced,and loose stool rate significantly increased(P<0.01);the contents of cAMP,PKA and p-ERK in serum were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01);the positive expression and protein expression of TREK-1 in colonic tissue were significantly reduced,while the positive expression of p-ERK significantly increased(P<0.01),and the expressions of cAMP and PKA proteins significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in Chinese medince group significantly increased,and loose stool rate significantly decreased(P<0.01);the contents of cAMP,PKA and p-ERK in serum were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01);the positive expression and protein expression of TREK-1 in colonic tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),while the positive expression of p-ERK significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expressions of cAMP and PKA proteins significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Sishen Pills may regulate intestinal motility by affecting the expression of the TREK-1 signaling pathway,thereby treating IBS-D.

Objective To investigate the effects of Bushen Shengjing Tiaohe Qixue Prescription on rats with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)based on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods Totally 60 8-week-old SD female rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,estradiol valerate group and TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the control group,the rats in the other groups were given a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 75 mg/kg to replicate the DOR rat model.From the next day of modeling,the corresponding drugs was administered for medication groups by gavage for 3 weeks.The general conditions of the rats were observed,ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)and inhibin B(INHB),HE staining was used to observe the morphologic changes in ovarian tissue,Western blot was used to detect GSK3β,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC protein expressions in ovarian tissues,immunohistochemical staining was used to observe β-catenin expression in ovarian tissue,RT-qPCR was used to detect Wnt1,Wnt2,Wnt4,GSK3β,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC mRNA expression in ovarian tissue,transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrapathologic structure of ovarian granulosa cells.Results Compared with the control group,the rats in the model group had reduced intake of food and water,slow or even reduced body mass gain,and disturbed estrous cycle,the serum contents of FSH and LH increased(P<0.01),the contents of E2,AMH and INHB decreased(P<0.01);the number of follicles of all levels in ovarian tissue was reduced,and there was increased number of atretic follicles with disturbed arrangement of the granulosa cells;the expression of GSK3β protein in ovarian tissue increased(P<0.01),the expression of β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC protein decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and β-catenin positive expression decreased(P<0.01),the expression of Wnt1,Wnt2,Wnt4,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC mRNA in ovarian tissue decreased(P<0.01),GSK3β mRNA expression was increased(P<0,01);organelles such as mitochondria and nuclei of ovarian granulosa cells were highly swollen and partially lysed.Compared with the model group,the rats in the administered group all had different degrees of body mass increase,partial restoration of the motility cycle,serum FSH and LH contents decreased,and serum E2,AMH and INHB contents increased(P<0.01,P<0.05);the number of follicles at all levels in ovarian tissue increased to varying degrees,and the atretic follicles were reduced;the expression of GSK3β protein in ovarian tissue decreased,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC protein expressions increased,β-catenin positive expression increased,the expression of Wnt1,Wnt2,Wnt4,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC mRNA in ovarian tissue increased,and GSK3β mRNA expression decreased,with statistical significance in estradiol valerate group and TCM high-dosage group(P<0.05,P<0.01);mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles of ovarian granulosa cells were mildly to moderately swollen.Conclusion Bushen Shengjing Tiaohe Qixue Prescription can improve ovarian function and regulate serum sex hormone levels in DOR model rats,and its mechanism might be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Focusing on the management needs of retired personnel in hospitals,this paper analyzes the issues present in traditional management methods,such as delayed data updates,low information sharing efficiency,and high management costs.It emphasizes the importance of digital information management in enhancing the efficiency and quality of services for retired per-sonnel.By highlighting the advantages of digital management in terms of systematicity,convenience,and accuracy,a preliminary model of a digital information management system for retired hospital personnel was developed.An in-depth analysis of 1 846 re-tired personnel's composition,system usage behaviors,and management performance showed that within six months of system im-plementation,the number of visits exceeded 8 600.The electronic archive replacement rate increased from 23.5％ to 96.2％ ,and satisfaction rates rose from 74.2％ to 91.6％ ,confirming the value of digital management in improving efficiency and service experience.Despite these successes,challenges remain,such as untimely data updates,difficulties for retirees in using the sys-tem,and inadequate privacy protection measures.To address these issues,strategies such as enhancing data sharing,regularly organizing skills training and operational guidance,and establishing robust data security management protocols are proposed.These measures aim to improve management efficiency and accuracy while safeguarding system security and retirees'rights.By implementing these strategies,hospitals can better meet the diverse service needs of retirees and further advance management in-formatization and scientific development.

Sepsis is a common critical illness in clinical practice,characterized by rapid progression and high mortality.Its complex pathogenesis remains a major focus and challenge in the field of critical care medicine.Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)is one of the most frequent and severe complications of sepsis,featuring systemic activation of the coagulation cascade and microthrombus formation,significantly increasing the mortality.Coagulation factorⅫ(FⅫ),a serine protease,is considered to have therapeutic potential for thrombosis without impairing normal hemostasis.Study reveal that neutrophil extracellular trap(NET),web-like DNA structures released through a unique process known as NETosis,provide negatively charged scaffolds that promote FⅫ binding and activation,thus triggering the intrinsic coagulation cascade and contributing to a hypercoagulable state.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to the interaction between NET and FⅫ in sepsis complicated with DIC.These 2 factors play central roles in intravascular thrombus formation and coagulation activation.Beyond their antimicrobial function,NET can aggravate tissue injury and coagulation abnormalities by releasing proinflammatory mediators such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),neutrophil elastase(NE),and reactive oxygen species(ROS).FⅫ activation can further trigger the kallikrein-kinin system(KKS)and activate FⅪ,amplifying inflammation and thrombosis in a vicious cycle.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a key component of Chinese medical heritage,has demonstrated unique advantages in managing sepsis and its complications.Based on therapeutic principles such as"strengthening healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors"and"tonifying qi and activating blood circulation",TCM is believed to regulate immune function and correct coagulation disorders,thereby interfering with the hypercoagulable state mediated by NET and FⅫ,slowing the progression of DIC,and improving clinical outcomes.Several herbs,including Salvia miltiorrhiza,Astragalus membranaceus,Rheum officinale,Ligusticum chuanxiong,and Curcuma longa,have shown anticoagulant,antiplatelet,and anti-inflammatory properties.In addition,compound formulations such as Xuebijing injection and Qingwen Baidu decoction have demonstrated clinical efficacy in improving coagulation parameters,reducing D-dimer levels,and protecting organ function.Although current evidence on the effects of TCM on NET formation and FⅫactivation is still limited,its potential mechanisms and clinical value warrant further investigation.This review summarizes the critical roles and interplay of FⅫand NET in sepsis complicated with DIC and discusses the advances in TCM-based interventions,aiming to provide new perspectives for mechanism-oriented research and integrative therapeutic strategies.

Objective To observe the effect of Sishen Pills on the expression of TREK-1 signaling pathway in rats of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D);To explore its mechanism in treating IBS-D.Methods Ten SPF-grade SD rats were randomly selected as the normal group,and the remaining 30 rats were used to prepare the IBS-D rat model by senna gavage combined with water stress avoidance method,and then the modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group,Western medicine group(15.23 mg/kg pivoxyl bromide)and Chinese medicine group(7.32 g/kg Sishen Pills).The medication groups were gavaged by corresponding drugs,and the normal group and model group were given equal volume of pure water,once a day,for consecutive 14 d.The general state of the rats was observed,the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),protein kinase A(PKA)and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK)were detected by ELISA,the positive expressions of biportal potassium channel TREK-1 and p-ERK in colonic tissue were detected by immunofluorescence,the expressions of cAMP,PKA and p-ERK protein were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the body mass of rats in the model group was significantly reduced,and loose stool rate significantly increased(P<0.01);the contents of cAMP,PKA and p-ERK in serum were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01);the positive expression and protein expression of TREK-1 in colonic tissue were significantly reduced,while the positive expression of p-ERK significantly increased(P<0.01),and the expressions of cAMP and PKA proteins significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in Chinese medince group significantly increased,and loose stool rate significantly decreased(P<0.01);the contents of cAMP,PKA and p-ERK in serum were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01);the positive expression and protein expression of TREK-1 in colonic tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),while the positive expression of p-ERK significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expressions of cAMP and PKA proteins significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Sishen Pills may regulate intestinal motility by affecting the expression of the TREK-1 signaling pathway,thereby treating IBS-D.

Objective To investigate the effects of Bushen Shengjing Tiaohe Qixue Prescription on rats with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)based on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods Totally 60 8-week-old SD female rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,estradiol valerate group and TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the control group,the rats in the other groups were given a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 75 mg/kg to replicate the DOR rat model.From the next day of modeling,the corresponding drugs was administered for medication groups by gavage for 3 weeks.The general conditions of the rats were observed,ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)and inhibin B(INHB),HE staining was used to observe the morphologic changes in ovarian tissue,Western blot was used to detect GSK3β,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC protein expressions in ovarian tissues,immunohistochemical staining was used to observe β-catenin expression in ovarian tissue,RT-qPCR was used to detect Wnt1,Wnt2,Wnt4,GSK3β,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC mRNA expression in ovarian tissue,transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrapathologic structure of ovarian granulosa cells.Results Compared with the control group,the rats in the model group had reduced intake of food and water,slow or even reduced body mass gain,and disturbed estrous cycle,the serum contents of FSH and LH increased(P<0.01),the contents of E2,AMH and INHB decreased(P<0.01);the number of follicles of all levels in ovarian tissue was reduced,and there was increased number of atretic follicles with disturbed arrangement of the granulosa cells;the expression of GSK3β protein in ovarian tissue increased(P<0.01),the expression of β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC protein decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and β-catenin positive expression decreased(P<0.01),the expression of Wnt1,Wnt2,Wnt4,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC mRNA in ovarian tissue decreased(P<0.01),GSK3β mRNA expression was increased(P<0,01);organelles such as mitochondria and nuclei of ovarian granulosa cells were highly swollen and partially lysed.Compared with the model group,the rats in the administered group all had different degrees of body mass increase,partial restoration of the motility cycle,serum FSH and LH contents decreased,and serum E2,AMH and INHB contents increased(P<0.01,P<0.05);the number of follicles at all levels in ovarian tissue increased to varying degrees,and the atretic follicles were reduced;the expression of GSK3β protein in ovarian tissue decreased,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC protein expressions increased,β-catenin positive expression increased,the expression of Wnt1,Wnt2,Wnt4,β-catenin,CyclinD1 and c-MYC mRNA in ovarian tissue increased,and GSK3β mRNA expression decreased,with statistical significance in estradiol valerate group and TCM high-dosage group(P<0.05,P<0.01);mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles of ovarian granulosa cells were mildly to moderately swollen.Conclusion Bushen Shengjing Tiaohe Qixue Prescription can improve ovarian function and regulate serum sex hormone levels in DOR model rats,and its mechanism might be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Microbial-derived metabolites are important mediators of host-microbial interactions. In recent years, the role of intestinal microbial metabolites in colorectal cancer has attracted considerable attention. These metabolites, which can be derived from bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules such as bile acids, or directly from bacteria, strongly influence the progression of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by regulating inflammation and immune response. Here, we review how microbiome metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile acids, polyamines, microbial tryptophan metabolites, and polyphenols are involved in the tumorigenesis and development of CAC through inflammation and immunity. Given the heated debate on the metabolites of microbiota in maintaining gut homeostasis, serving as tumor molecular markers, and affecting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recent years, strategies for the prevention and treatment of CAC by targeting intestinal microbial metabolites are also discussed in this review.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/metabolism* ; Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/microbiology* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism* ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism* ; Colitis/microbiology*

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA) introduced the concept of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health and stage, reflecting the interaction among metabolism, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the cardiovascular system. However, the association between CKM stage and the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been validated. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term CVD risk associated with CKM health metrics and CKM stage using data from a population-based cohort study. METHODS: In total, 5293 CVD-free participants were followed up to around 13 years in the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study (CMCS). Considering the pathophysiologic progression of CKM health metrics abnormalities (comprising obesity, central adiposity, prediabetes, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, CKD, and metabolic syndrome), participants were divided into CKM stages 0, 1, and 2. The time-dependent Cox regression models were used to estimate the cardiovascular risk associated with CKM health metrics and stage. Additionally, broader CVD outcomes were examined, with a specific assessment of the impact of stage 3 in 2581 participants from the CMCS-Beijing subcohort. RESULTS: Among participants, 91.2% (4825/5293) had at least one abnormal CKM health metric, 8.8% (468/5293), 13.3% (704/5293), and 77.9% (4121/5293) were in CKM stages 0, 1, and 2, respectively; and 710 incident CVD cases occurred during a median follow-up time of 13.3 years (interquartile range: 12.1 to 13.6 years). Participants with each poor CKM health metric exhibited significantly higher CVD risk. Compared with stage 0, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for CVD incidence was 1.31 (0.84-2.04) in stage 1 and 2.27 (1.57-3.28) in stage 2. Significant interactive impacts existed between CKM stage and age or sex, with higher CVD risk related to increased CKM stages in participants aged <60 years or females. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the contribution of CKM health metrics and CKM stage to the long-term risk of CVD, suggesting the importance of multi-component recognition and management of poor CKM health in CVD prevention.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism* ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism* ; China ; East Asian People