ObjectiveFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a novel non-invasive technique for monitoring cerebral activity, can be integrated with upper limb rehabilitation robots to facilitate the real-time assessment of neurological rehabilitation outcomes. The rehabilitation robot is designed with 3 training modes: passive, active, and resistance. Among these, the resistance mode has been demonstrated to yield superior rehabilitative outcomes for patients with a certain level of muscle strength. The control modes in the resistance mode can be categorized into dynamic and static control. However, the effects of different control modes in the resistance mode on the motor function of patients with upper limb hemiplegia in stroke remain unclear. Furthermore, the effects of force, an important parameter of different control modes, on the activation of brain regions have rarely been reported. This study investigates the effects of dynamic and static resistance modes under varying resistance levels on cerebral functional alterations during motor rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. MethodsA cohort of 20 stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction was enrolled in the study, completing preparatory adaptive training followed by 3 intensity-level tasks across 2 motor paradigms. The bilateral prefrontal cortices (PFC), bilateral primary motor cortices (M1), bilateral primary somatosensory cortices (S1), and bilateral premotor and supplementary motor cortices (PM) were examined in both the resting and motor training states. The lateralization index (LI), phase locking value (PLV), network metrics were employed to examine cortical activation patterns and topological properties of brain connectivity. ResultsThe data indicated that both dynamic and static modes resulted in significantly greater activation of the contralateral M1 area and the ipsilateral PM area when compared to the resting state. The static patterns demonstrated a more pronounced activation in the contralateral M1 in comparison to the dynamic patterns. The results of brain network analysis revealed significant differences between the dynamic and resting states in the contralateral PFC area and contralateral M1 area (F=4.709, P=0.038), as well as in the contralateral PM area and ipsilateral M1 area (F=4.218, P=0.049). Moreover, the findings indicated a positive correlation between the activation of the M1 region and the increase in force in the dynamic mode, which was reversed in the static mode. ConclusionBoth dynamic and static resistance training modes have been demonstrated to activate the corresponding brain functional regions. Dynamic resistance modes elicit greater oxygen changes and connectivity to the region of interest (ROI) than static resistance modes. Furthermore, the effects of increasing force differ between the two modes. In patients who have suffered a stroke, dynamic modes may have a more pronounced effect on the activation of exercise-related functional brain regions.

Objective To systematically assess the current status of radiation protection in veterinary diagnostic and treatment institutions in Liaocheng City, identify weaknesses in management, and provide a basis for standardizing veterinary radiological diagnostic and treatment. Methods A census-based design was employed. Data on radiation protection management, occupational health, and diagnostic and treatment practices were collected using standardized questionnaires. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 involving all 47 veterinary institutions equipped with radiological diagnostic and treatment devices in Liaocheng City. Results All 47 institutions were equipped with X-ray radiography units (no CT scanners), with 23.4% using medical-grade equipment (including 5 second-hand units). None of the institutions implemented the “three-synchronization” system, 12.8% lacked radiation protection records, and 21.3% failed to declare occupational disease hazards. Compared with veterinary clinics, veterinary hospitals demonstrated significantly superior performance in three key radiation protection metrics: the proportion of radiology staff receiving radiation protection training (100% vs. 50.0%), individual dose monitoring compliance (92.3% vs. 55.3%), and occupational health examination rate (100% vs. 39.5%) (all P < 0.05). Moreover, 87.2% of institutions allowed pet owners to remain in the examination room, of whom only 68.1% wore protective gear, and all institutions reported radiation exposure to the limbs of animal restrainers. Staff demonstrated inadequate knowledge of radiation protection. Although all radiation protection tests met standards, the median radiation level from medical-grade equipment (0.48 μSv/h) was significantly higher than that from veterinary-specific equipment (0.15 μSv/h). Conclusion Veterinary diagnostic and treatment institutions in Liaocheng City exhibited a pattern of “hospitals superior to clinics”. Prominent issues included compliance risks associated with second-hand equipment, radiation exposure to non-occupational personnel (owners and restrainers), and insufficient radiation protection knowledge. Recommendations include strengthening oversight of equipment sources, promoting specialized animal restraint devices, standardizing procedures for pet owner presence in examination rooms, and implementing targeted training programs.

Acupuncture is considered both safe and effective for treating depression;however,its underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood.This article reviewed the mechanisms of acupuncture in depression from the perspective of brain network dynamics.It has been found abnormal alterations in the structural and functional brain networks,including the default mode network,cognitive control network,salience network and affective network in individuals with depression.Acupuncture has been shown to enhance the diffusion anisotropy value of white matter and repair the microstructure of white matter fiber bundles in key brain regions.It can also modulate the activation the functional brain networks,either globally or in specific network segments,improve functional connectivity within and between functional networks,regulate global transmission efficiency and connectivity patterns of functional networks,restore brain network interaction balance,regulate abnormal integration of functional networks,and improve emotional regulation ability and cognitive function,in order to alleviate the clinical symptoms of depression and serve as an effective antidepressant therapy,which can provide reference for the study of acupuncture intervention in the brain network mechanism of depression.

Objective:This study intends to analyze the differences of indexes between the death group and the survival group of CSA-AKI patients undergoing CRRT before, during, and after heart surgery, and at the beginning and the end of CRRT, and to study the risk factors affecting the death of patients, so as to provide guidance for improving the prognosis.Methods:From January 2020 to October 2022, a total of 101 patients (59 in the mortality group and 42 in the survival group) were admitted to the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for cardiac surgery complicated by acute kidney injury necessitating postoperative continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted to ascertain the risk factors influencing the 30-day mortality rate.Results:The postoperative complications of the two groups showed that the mortality group had a large proportion of MODS and LCOS ( P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that intraoperative mean arterial depression, high SOFA score at the beginning of CRRT, high APACHE Ⅱ score at the beginning of CRRT, and low platelet at the end of CRRT were independent risk factors for death( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis shows that SOFA score and APACHE Ⅱ score at the beginning of CRRT have predictive value for the 30-day death risk of CSA-AKI patients receiving CRRT. Conclusion:Low intraoperative MAP, high SOFA and APACHE Ⅱ scores at the beginning of CRRT, and low platelets at the end of CRRT were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality risk in patients with CSA-AKI undergoing CRRT.

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of intra-articular injection of ozonated water on cartilage repair in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)rats via the miR-214-3p/nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway,to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of ozonated water.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into ozonated and experimental groups.Rats in the experimental group were further divided randomly into model,ozonated water,ozonated water+AAV-NC,and adeno-associated virus with ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor groups.The articular cartilage repair status was evaluated after the respective treatments,using articular cartilage surface gross scoring,hematoxylin/eosin staining,and modified Mankin's score.Expression levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Protein expression levels of IκB kinase(IKK)β,p65,and phospho(p)-IκBα were detected in cartilage tissues by Western blot,and gene expression levels of IKKβ,p65,IκBα,and miR-214-3p were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Rats in all groups showed different degrees of cartilage damage compared with the control group,and the scores were significantly lower in the ozonated water and ozonated water+AAV-NC groups compared with the ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor group(P＜0.05).IL-1β,TNF-α,and MMP-13 levels detected by ELISA were significantly lower in cartilage tissues from rats in the ozonated water and ozonated water+AAV-NC groups compared with the model and ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor groups(P＜0.05).According to RT-PCR,IKKβ and p65 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated while IκBα mRNA was significantly up-regulated in cartilage tissues from rats in the ozonated water and ozonated water+AAV-NC groups compared with the model and ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor groups(P＜0.05).Similarly,IKKβ,p65,and p-IκBα protein expression levels detected by Western blot were significantly down-regulated while IκBα protein expression levels were up-regulated in cartilage tissues from rats in the ozonated water and ozonated water+AAV-NC groups compared with the model and ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions Ozone hydrotherapy significantly ameliorated cartilage damage in KOA rats,possibly via inhibiting activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway through up-regulation of miR-214-3p expression and promoting cartilage repair in KOA rats.

Acupuncture is considered both safe and effective for treating depression;however,its underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood.This article reviewed the mechanisms of acupuncture in depression from the perspective of brain network dynamics.It has been found abnormal alterations in the structural and functional brain networks,including the default mode network,cognitive control network,salience network and affective network in individuals with depression.Acupuncture has been shown to enhance the diffusion anisotropy value of white matter and repair the microstructure of white matter fiber bundles in key brain regions.It can also modulate the activation the functional brain networks,either globally or in specific network segments,improve functional connectivity within and between functional networks,regulate global transmission efficiency and connectivity patterns of functional networks,restore brain network interaction balance,regulate abnormal integration of functional networks,and improve emotional regulation ability and cognitive function,in order to alleviate the clinical symptoms of depression and serve as an effective antidepressant therapy,which can provide reference for the study of acupuncture intervention in the brain network mechanism of depression.

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of intra-articular injection of ozonated water on cartilage repair in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)rats via the miR-214-3p/nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway,to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of ozonated water.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into ozonated and experimental groups.Rats in the experimental group were further divided randomly into model,ozonated water,ozonated water+AAV-NC,and adeno-associated virus with ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor groups.The articular cartilage repair status was evaluated after the respective treatments,using articular cartilage surface gross scoring,hematoxylin/eosin staining,and modified Mankin's score.Expression levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Protein expression levels of IκB kinase(IKK)β,p65,and phospho(p)-IκBα were detected in cartilage tissues by Western blot,and gene expression levels of IKKβ,p65,IκBα,and miR-214-3p were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Rats in all groups showed different degrees of cartilage damage compared with the control group,and the scores were significantly lower in the ozonated water and ozonated water+AAV-NC groups compared with the ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor group(P＜0.05).IL-1β,TNF-α,and MMP-13 levels detected by ELISA were significantly lower in cartilage tissues from rats in the ozonated water and ozonated water+AAV-NC groups compared with the model and ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor groups(P＜0.05).According to RT-PCR,IKKβ and p65 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated while IκBα mRNA was significantly up-regulated in cartilage tissues from rats in the ozonated water and ozonated water+AAV-NC groups compared with the model and ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor groups(P＜0.05).Similarly,IKKβ,p65,and p-IκBα protein expression levels detected by Western blot were significantly down-regulated while IκBα protein expression levels were up-regulated in cartilage tissues from rats in the ozonated water and ozonated water+AAV-NC groups compared with the model and ozonated water+AAV-miR-214-3p inhibitor groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions Ozone hydrotherapy significantly ameliorated cartilage damage in KOA rats,possibly via inhibiting activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway through up-regulation of miR-214-3p expression and promoting cartilage repair in KOA rats.

Objective:This study intends to analyze the differences of indexes between the death group and the survival group of CSA-AKI patients undergoing CRRT before, during, and after heart surgery, and at the beginning and the end of CRRT, and to study the risk factors affecting the death of patients, so as to provide guidance for improving the prognosis.Methods:From January 2020 to October 2022, a total of 101 patients (59 in the mortality group and 42 in the survival group) were admitted to the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for cardiac surgery complicated by acute kidney injury necessitating postoperative continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted to ascertain the risk factors influencing the 30-day mortality rate.Results:The postoperative complications of the two groups showed that the mortality group had a large proportion of MODS and LCOS ( P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that intraoperative mean arterial depression, high SOFA score at the beginning of CRRT, high APACHE Ⅱ score at the beginning of CRRT, and low platelet at the end of CRRT were independent risk factors for death( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis shows that SOFA score and APACHE Ⅱ score at the beginning of CRRT have predictive value for the 30-day death risk of CSA-AKI patients receiving CRRT. Conclusion:Low intraoperative MAP, high SOFA and APACHE Ⅱ scores at the beginning of CRRT, and low platelets at the end of CRRT were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality risk in patients with CSA-AKI undergoing CRRT.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between body fat distribution measured by quantitative CT (QCT) and body mass index in adults receiving physical examination.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. From January to December 2021, 3 205 adults undergoing physical examination who met the inclusion criteria and underwent chest CT and QCT examination in the health management discipline of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital were selected as the research objects. The general data were collected; and the subcutaneous fat area, visceral fat area, total abdominal fat area, liver fat content, abdominal obesity and fatty liver detection rate were measured by QCT. According to body mass index, the subjects were divided into normal group (18.5-<24.0 kg/m 2, 1 343 cases), overweight group (24.0-<28.0 kg/m 2, 1 427 cases) and obesity group (≥28.0 kg/m 2, 435 cases). One-way analysis of variance and χ2 test were used to compare the differences of QCT indexes among the three groups. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between QCT indexes and body mass index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic effect of QCT on obesity and fatty liver. Results:Subcutaneous fat area, visceral fat area, total abdominal fat area, liver fat content, abdominal obesity and fatty liver detection rate in obese group were all significantly higher than those in overweight group and normal group [males, (147.60±46.44) vs (104.33±27.68), (73.46±22.65) cm 2; (297.46±54.70) vs (229.40±53.12), (159.57±49.68) cm 2; (445.06±70.24) vs (333.73±62.91), (233.02±61.87) cm 2; 11.30% (7.90%, 15.55%) vs 8.75% (6.50%, 11.70%), 6.60% (4.80%, 8.70%); 100.0% vs 96.0%, 64.0%; 92.9% vs 86.7%, 73.3%; females, (213.96±48.61) vs (155.85±35.31), (107.24±31.01) cm 2; (185.41±43.88) vs (142.48±41.75), (96.56±36.50) cm 2; (399.37±68.07) vs (298.33±56.86), (203.80±57.53) cm 2; 9.80% (6.90%, 13.30%) vs 7.30% (5.05%, 9.80%), 5.40%(3.50%, 7.20%); 96.4% vs 74.8%, 28.9%; 87.3% vs 75.6%, 56.5%], and were all positively correlated with body mass index (males, r/ rs=0.709, 0.738, 0.831, 0.402, 0.464, 0.225; females, r/ rs=0.798, 0.695, 0.841, 0.416, 0.605, 0.276) (all P<0.001). In both male and female subjects, the detection rates of obesity based on QCT were significantly higher than those based on body mass index (male, 86.9% vs 16.6%; female, 49.3% vs 8.9%), and the detection rates of fatty liver based on QCT were significantly higher than those based on ultrasound (male, 83.6% vs 57.1%; female, 65.2% vs 27.6%) (all P<0.001). ROC curve showed that when the visceral fat area of 142 cm 2 was used as the cut-off value for the diagnosis of obesity in male subjects, the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 15.8%, respectively; and when the cut-off value of liver fat content 5.0% was used to diagnose fatty liver, the sensitivity and specificity was 88.9% and 25.1%, respectively. When the visceral fat area of 115 cm 2 was set as the cut-off value for the diagnosis of obesity in female subjects, the sensitivity and specificity was 96.4% and 55.3%, respectively; when the liver fat content of 5.0% was set as the cut-off value for the diagnosis of fatty liver, the sensitivity and specificity was 83.7% and 43.2%, respectively. Conclusions:The indexes of abdominal fat and liver fat measured by QCT in adults receiving physical examination are all positively correlated with body mass index. The effect of QCT in the diagnosis of obesity and fatty liver are both better than body mass index and ultrasound.

Objective:To analyze the distribution of body fat with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in people with normal body mass index (BMI).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the physical examination population who underwent chest CT and QCT examination in the Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January to December in 2021, and 1 395 physical examination subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the research subjects. The subjects were divided into five groups according to their age. The general data of the subjects were collected. The total abdominal fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total abdominal muscle area (TMA) and muscle fat content (MFC) in the subjects were measured by QCT. One-way analysis of variance, Welch test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the above QCT measurement indexes between the two genders among different age groups with normal BMI. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between VFA and sarcopenia indexes. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between VFA and linear correlation variables in the related indicators of sarcopenia.Results:There were significant differences in TFA, VFA, TMA and SMI among different age groups in subjects with normal BMI (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that VFA was negatively correlated with TMA in some age groups (male: 18-39 years group: r=-0.351; 40-49 years group: r=-0.278; 60-69 years group: r=-0.245; female:40-49 years group: r=-0.251; 50-59 years group: r=-0.270;≥70 years group: r=-0.391; all P<0.01); it was negatively correlated with SMI (male: 18-39 years group: r=-0.352; 40-49 years group: r=-0.340; 50-59 years group: r=-0.266; 60-69 years group: r=-0.316; female: 40-49 years group: r=-0.240; 50-59 years group: r=-0.284; all P<0.001); it was positively correlated with MFC (male: 18-39 years group: r=0.342; 40-49 years group: r=0.291; female: 50-59 years group: r=0.133; 60-69 years group: r=0.284; all P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that VFA was independently and negatively correlated with SMI in both men and women after adjusting for age interference factors (male B=-1.881, t=-6.025, P<0.001; female B=-0.603, t=-2.887, P=0.004), and it was independently positively correlated with MFC (male B=1.230, t=4.271, P<0.001;female B=0.893, t=3.836, P<0.001). There was an independent negative correlation between VFA and TMA in male subjects ( B=0.263, t=2.478, P=0.013). Conclusions:VFA is correlated with TMA, SMI and MFC in people with normal BMI. Regardless of gender, SMI has a negative effect on VFA, and MFC has a positive effect on VFA.