Objective: To investigate the preventive and reparative mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma-biodegradable quick setting spray (PRP-BQSS) on solar dermatitis, thereby providing a safe and effective novel therapeutic approach for clinical application. Methods: PRP-BQSS was prepared. A ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced solar dermatitismodel was established in SPF-grade male SD rats. The rats were divided into the prevention experiment (treated with PRP-BQSS, L' Oréal SPF 50+sunscreen, Nature's Hall SPF 50+sunscreen, or saline) and the treatment experiment (treated with PRP-BQSS, Jingwanhong ointment, Green ointment, or saline). The effects were evaluated by measuring epidermal thickness (HE staining) and quantifying the integrated optical density (IOD) of inflammatory cells (CD11b staining). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were performed using GraphPad Prism 9.4.0. Results: The PRP-BQSS exhibited significant efficacy in both prevention and repair. In the prevention experiment, the PRP-BQSS prevention group (Group A) showed only mild pale red erythema on the dorsal skin of rats, without significant swelling or desquamation. Histological analysis revealed that epidermal thickness in Group A (36.55±6.58 μm) was comparable to Groups B (L' Oréal, 34.84±6.59 μm) and C (Natural Hall, 34.59±8.20 μm)(P>0.05), but significantly lower than that in Group D (control group, 47.82±11.69 μm). Skin sections from Group A demonstrated intact epidermal structure with clear stratification and no significant inflammatory cell infiltration. The CD11b-positive cell count (24.30±7.43) was significantly lower than that in Group D (33.65±8.47, P<0.05). In the treatment experiment, HE staining of Group A (PRP-BQSS treatment group) showed intact epidermal structure with orderly arrangement of the basal layer, spinous layer, and granular layer, thin and uniform stratum corneum, and regular collagen fiber arrangement. The epidermal thickness of Group A (37.10±6.41 μm) showed no significant difference from Groups B (Jingwanhong ointment group, 38.66±9.07 μm) or C (Green ointment group, 35.72±4.98 μm)(P>0.05), but was significantly lower than that in Group D (control group, 48.35±8.99 μm)(P<0.05). The integral optical density value of CD11b-positive cells in Group A (32.82±11.01) was significantly lower than that in Group D (47.25±13.52, P>0.05). Moreover, the degree of inflammatory infiltration in Group A was relatively lower compared to Group B (37.14±9.20) and Group C (34.32±16.87), suggesting a superior repair capacity. However, the intergroup differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: PRP-BQSS hydrogel dressing possesses dual preventive and reparative functions. It exerts its effects by reducing CD11b-positive cell infiltration (inflammation suppression) and promoting the orderly arrangement of the basal layer-epidermal layer-granular layer (epidermal reconstruction). This material holds promise as a novel and effective therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of solar dermatitis, particularly suitable for high-risk populations such as children, individuals with sensitive skin, and those engaged in outdoor activities.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for simultaneously determining three anti-tuberculosis drugs in the plasma of patients with spinal tuberculosis and apply it in clinical practice. METHODS LC-MS/MS method was established for the quantitative determination of the concentrations of isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide in the plasma of patients with spinal tuberculosis， using diphenhydramine as the internal standard. The determination was carried out using Chemalink CM-C18T column， with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid-methanol solution （gradient elution）， at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and an injection volume of 2 μL. Multiple reaction monitoring was conducted using an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode. The ion pairs used for quantitative analysis were m/z 138.0→121.0（ for isoniazid）， m/z 823.3→791.3（ for rifampicin）， m/z 124.1→ 79.0 （for pyrazinamide）， and m/z 256.0→167.0 （for diphenhydramine）. Fifty-three patients diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis in Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2025 were selected， and the plasma concentrations of isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide in these patients were measured using the above method. RESULTS The linear ranges for isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide were 0.5-16， 2-64， and 2.5-80 μg/mL， respectively （r≥0.998 7）. The accuracy ranged from 90.20% to 108.64% （n＝5）. RSDs for intra-day precision were all less than 6.63% （n＝5）， while those for inter-day precision were all less than 8.42% （n＝3）. The matrix effects ranged from 88.60% to 115.41% （n＝5）. The relative deviations in the stability tests were all within the ±15% range， and the carry-over effect did not interfere with the determination. The results of clinical application showed that the mean plasma drug concentrations of isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide in patients with spinal tuberculosis were （3.62±2.80）， （8.55±4.57）， and （20.12±6.56） μg/mL， respectively. The incidences of plasma drug concentrations falling below the effective peak concentrations were 49.06%， 58.49% and 60.38%， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The method established in this study is rapid， accurate， and demonstrates good stability， making it suitable for clinical monitoring of the plasma concentrations of isoniazid， rifampicin and pyrazinamide in patients with spinal tuberculosis.

AIM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of three types of spectacle lenses with different peripheral microstructure designs in controlling myopia progression among children.METHODS: Retrospective case analysis was conducted. Children diagnosed with myopia aged 6 to 12 y who were received initial spectacle fitting and completed 1-year follow-up at the Optometry Clinic of Suining Central Hospital between January 2023 and August 2024 were enrolled. Only right eye data of all subjects were included for analysis. Based on the type of spectacle lenses independently selected by the children and their parents/guardians, they were divided into four groups: diffusion optics technology(DOT), cylindrical annular refractive element(CARE), highly aspherical lenslets(HAL), and single-vision lenses(SVL). Changes in axial length(AL)and spherical equivalent(SE)from baseline were observed after 1-year lens wear in four groups. Variations between three peripheral microstructure-designed spectacles and single-vision spectacles were compared. The effects of different lens designs on spherical power, astigmatism, corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous cavity depth were analyzed.RESULTS:In this retrospective study, a total of 118 eyes from 118 myopic children were included. There were 28 eyes in 28 children in DOT group [16 males and 12 females, age 10(9, 12)y]. CARE group contained 26 eyes in 26 children, [12 males and 14 females, age 11(9, 12)y]. HAL group had 26 eyes in 26 children [16 males and 10 females, age 10(9, 11)y]. SVL group included 38 eyes in 38 children [20 males and 18 females, age 11(9, 12)y]. There were no significant differences in age, gender, baseline AL, or SE among the four groups(all P>0.05). After 1-year wearing, no increase and slight regression were observed in AL and SE in the DOT group, with no significant differences compared with baseline(all P>0.05). AL and SE increased to varying degrees in the CARE, HAL and SVL groups(all P<0.01). Significant inter-group differences were found in the changes of AL and SE(F=22.820, 30.949, both P<0.001). The mean changes in AL and SE for the DOT group(-0.034±0.180 mm, 0.040±0.243 D)were significantly smaller than those in the CARE group(0.225±0.174 mm, -0.375±0.308 D)and the HAL group(0.147±0.130 mm, -0.255±0.256 D). The changes of AL and SE in the three groups were significantly lower than those in the SVL group(0.355±0.240 mm, -0.891±0.592 D)(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: In children, short-term wear of spectacles with peripheral microstructural design demonstrates better myopia control efficacy compared to single-vision spectacles. DOT lenses show superior short-term efficacy compared with CARE and HAL lenses.

ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive factors for HBsAg clearance in chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients with a low level of hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） treated with pegylated interferon α-2b （PEG-IFN-α-2b）， to establish a combined predictive model and a nomogram based on multiple factors， and to provide a reference for formulating individualized treatment regimens and predicting treatment outcome in clinical practice. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 167 CHB patients with HBsAg <1 500 IU/mL who attended The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2022 to January 2024 and were treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b. According to whether clinical cure was achieved， the patients were divided into HBsAg clearance group and HBsAg non-clearance group. Related data were collected， including general information and serological/biochemical/virological indicators at different time points during treatment. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influencing factors. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the value of indicators used alone or in combination in predicting clinical cure， and calibration curves were plotted to assess the risk prediction model. ResultsThe univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in age （t=-6.839， P<0.05）， history of nucleos（t）ide analogue treatment for over 1 year （χ²=59.339， P<0.05）， genotype （χ²=4.610， P<0.05）， nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （χ²=5.319， P<0.05）， hepatitis B virus DNA status before treatment （χ²=60.861， P <0.05）， compensated liver cirrhosis （χ²=10.960， P<0.05）， HBeAg status before treatment （χ²=19.060， P<0.05）， a history of interferon treatment （χ²=8.162， P<0.05）， presence of interferon antibodies after treatment （χ²=12.858， P<0.05）， HBsAg level before treatment （Z=-7.412， P<0.05）， alanine aminotransaminase （ALT） level at baseline （Z=-6.117， P<0.05）， ALT level at 12 weeks of treatment （Z=-7.171， P<0.05）， platelet count （PLT） at 24 weeks of treatment （Z=-3.622， P<0.05）， and thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） level at 24 weeks of treatment （Z=-2.830， P<0.05）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （odds ratio ［OR］=1.230， P=0.007）， history of nucleos（t）ide analogue treatment for over 1 year （OR=0.008， P=0.011）， HBeAg status before treatment （OR=0.003， P=0.012）， HBsAg level before treatment （OR=1.005， P=0.014）， ALT level at baseline （OR=0.949， P=0.014）， ALT level at 12 weeks of treatment （OR=0.969， P=0.016）， PLT at 24 weeks of treatment （OR=0.969， P=0.022）， and TSH level at 24 weeks of treatment （OR=3.608， P=0.045） were independent influencing factors for HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks of treatment in CHB patients with HBsAg <1 500 IU/mL. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test yielded χ²=1.398， P=0.994， indicating that the model had good fitting. The Bootstrap method was used to perform internal validation of the nomogram model， and there was a good degree of fitting between the calibration curve and the ideal curve， with a mean absolute error of 0.029. The ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of predictive factors had an area under the ROC curve of 0.982 （95% confidence interval： 0.961 — 0.999）， with a sensitivity of 94.10% and a specificity of 93.10%， suggesting that the nomogram model had a good discriminatory ability. For the CHB patients with HBsAg <1 500 IU/mL and different features， further analysis of HBsAg clearance rate at 48 weeks of treatment showed an HBsAg clearance rate of 69.60% for those with HBsAg ≤67.65 IU/mL before treatment， 58.30% for those with a baseline ALT level of ≥62.50 U/L， 68.30% for those with an ALT level of ≥92.50 U/L at 12 weeks of treatment， 42.40% for those with PLT ≥104×10⁹/L at 24 weeks of treatment， and 48.30% for those with a TSH level of ≤1.38 μIU/mL at 24 weeks of treatment， with significant differences between the two groups （all P<0.001）. ConclusionAge， history of nucleos（t）ide analogue treatment for over 1 year， HBeAg status before treatment， HBsAg level before treatment， baseline ALT level， ALT level at 12 weeks of treatment， PLT level at 24 weeks， and TSH level at 24 weeks of treatment are independent predictive factors. The combined prediction nomogram model constructed in this study has a relatively high value in predicting clinical cure at 48 weeks of PEG-IFN-α-2b treatment in CHB patients with HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL， thereby providing a reference for selecting suitable treatment population and predicting clinical cure.

Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNs), characterized by a natural lipid bilayer membrane, have rapidly emerged as a prominent research frontier in medicine owing to their unique biological properties and robust therapeutic potential. This review comprehensively examines the biological profiles, mechanistic functions, and recent engineering advancements of PELNs. In terms of composition, PELNs are uniquely enriched in plant-specific glycolipids, phosphatidylserine, secondary metabolites, and highly stable 2'-O-methylated miRNAs. This distinct molecular makeup endows them with exceptional biocompatibility, negligible immunogenicity, and the capacity for cross-species molecular communication. Mechanistically, PELNs demonstrate profound anti-inflammatory efficacy by suppressing the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. They also serve as potent immune modulators, driving macrophage M1/M2 polarization and regulating T cell activity. Additionally, PELNs exhibit promising antitumor capabilities, targeting malignancies via reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, TRAIL pathway activation, and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Crucially, the plant miRNAs encapsulated within PELNs remain highly stable in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing them to selectively alter gene expression in specific gut microbiota communities. This interaction deeply influences host immunity and metabolism, highlighting the vital role in cross-species regulation. Advancements in bioengineering have further expanded the clinical utility of PELNs. Targeted delivery efficiency can be significantly amplified via surface functionalization (e.g., folate and RGD sequences) and state-of-the-art drug loading technologies such as sonication and electroporation. Consequently, engineered PELNs surpass traditional synthetic nanocarriers in penetrating natural physiological barriers, particularly for oral and transdermal drug administration. Despite these advantages, clinical translation is currently hindered by the lack of standardized isolation protocols, challenges in scalable manufacturing, and the need for robust quality control frameworks. Looking forward, the integration of multi-omics approaches and AI-driven “molecular fingerprinting”—coupled with the design of synthetic biomimetic vesicles—will be instrumental in overcoming these bottlenecks, ultimately establishing PELNs as a next-generation platform for precision medicine and targeted nanotherapeutic delivery.

The alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of several diseases including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), C3 glomerular disease (C3G) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Complement factor B (CFB) is a trypsin-like serine protein that circulates in the human bloodstream in a latent form. As a key node of the alternative pathway, it is an important target for the treatment of diseases mediated by the complement system. With the successful launch of iptacopan, the CFB small molecule inhibitors has become a current research hotspot, a number of domestic and foreign pharmaceutical companies are actively developing CFB small molecule inhibitors. In this paper, the research progress of CFB small molecule inhibitors in recent years is systematically summarized, the representative compounds and their activities are introduced according to structural types and design ideas, so as to provide reference and ideas for the subsequent research on CFB small molecule inhibitors.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of noninvasive imaging detection （FibroScan）， two serological models of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio （GPR） score and S index， and two inflammatory factors of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in predicting liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B （CHB）， as well as the consistency of liver biopsy in pathological staging， and to provide early warning for early intervention of CHB. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 131 HBeAg-positive CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy in The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2019 to December 2023. The results of liver biopsy were collected from all patients， and related examinations were performed before liver biopsy， including total bilirubin， alanine aminotransferase， platelet count， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase， albumin， IL-6， TNF-α， liver stiffness measurement （LSM）， and abdominal ultrasound. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A Kappa analysis was used to investigate the consistency between LSM noninvasive histological staging and pathological staging based on liver biopsy， and the Spearman analysis was used to investigate the correlation between each variable and FibroScan in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis stage. The Logistic regression analysis was used to construct joint predictive factors. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the value of each indicator alone and the joint predictive model in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis， and the Delong test was used for comparison of the area under the ROC curve （AUC）. ResultsIn the consistency check， inflammation degree based on liver biopsy had a Kappa value of 0.807 （P<0.001）， and liver fibrosis degree based on liver biopsy had a Kappa value of 0.827 （P<0.001）， suggesting that FibroScan noninvasive histological staging and liver biopsy showed good consistency in assessing inflammation degree and liver fibrosis stage. Age was positively correlated with LSM， GPR score， S index， IL-6， and TNF-α （all P<0.05）， and GPR score， S index， IL-6， and TNF-α were positively correlated with LSM （all P<0.05）. GPR score， S index， IL-6， and TNF-α were all independent risk factors for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis （≥S2） and progressive liver fibrosis （≥S3） （all P<0.05）. As for each indicator alone， GPR score had the highest value in the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis （≥S2）， followed by S index， IL-6， and TNF-α， while S index had the highest value in the diagnosis of progressive liver fibrosis （≥S3）， followed by GPR score， TNF-α， and IL-6. The joint model had a higher predictive value than each indicator alone （all P<0.05）. ConclusionThere is a good consistency between FibroScan noninvasive histological staging and pathological staging based on liver biopsy. GPR score， S index， IL-6， and TNF-α are independent risk factors for evaluating different degree of liver fibrosis in CHB， and the combined prediction model established by them can better diagnose liver fibrosis.

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins