1.Application of Onlay bone grafts from mandibular lateral oblique line in implant restoration of bone defects in upper anterior teeth
Shencong XU ; Zifei FANG ; Mingyi JI ; Chengrui XU ; Binhong LI ; Jiayu CAO ; Junfeng XU
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2026;30(4):841-848
BACKGROUND:With the development of oral implantology,implant restoration has gradually become the first choice of restoration after missing teeth,and bone augmentation procedures have led to the expansion of implant indications and the improvement of the success rate of implant restoration.However,the long-term stability of bone height,width and volume after bone augmentation surgery has been one of the clinical difficulties for oral implantologists.OBJECTIVE:To measure and analyze the bone width,height,and volume of different sites in the bone augmentation area at different time points using cone-beam CT and an automatic image alignment program.METHODS:Seventeen patients with severe bone defects in the upper anterior region who underwent Onlay bone block grafting in the external oblique region were recruited from the Department of Stomatology,Zhejiang Tongde Hospital.There were 10 males and 7 females,with a mean age of(45.88±12.47)years.The cone-beam CT scans of the patients' Onlay bone grafts were taken at five time points:preoperatively,immediately postoperatively,6 months postoperatively,immediately post implantation,and 6 months post implantation,and then were statistically analyzed for alveolar bone volume,width,and height in the bone augmentation area,as well as for the difference in the alveolar bone volume of the bone incremental area between patients of different sexes and age.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The alveolar bone volume in the bone augmentation area was higher immediately and 6 months after bone grafting than before bone grafting(P<0.05)as well as was higher immediately after bone grafting than 6 months after bone grafting(P<0.05).The alveolar bone height in the bone augmentation area was higher immediately and 6 months after bone grafting than before bone grafting(P<0.05).The horizontal width of the alveolar bone at various sites in the bone augmentation area immediately and 6 months after bone grafting was higher than that before bone grafting(P<0.05).(2)There was no significant difference in the volume of bone graft resorption at various sites in the bone augmentation area between males and females immediately and 6 months after bone grafting(P>0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between age and the change in bone augmentation area volume immediately and 6 months after bone grafting,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).(3)Twenty-five dental implants with completed implant restorations functioned normally,and the survival rate of the implants was 100%.To conclude,Onlay bone graft implant restoration in the upper anterior region can significantly improve insufficient bone with favorable outcomes.However,there is some amount of bone resorption in the bone augmentation area at 6 months after Onlay bone grafting and it is necessary to open up the second surgical area.Clinicians should consider different bone augmentation procedures in accordance with the specific circumstances.
2.Therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia in mice
Weiyuan YUAN ; Qinhui LEI ; Xiuqi LI ; Tiezhu LU ; Ziwen FU ; Zhili LIANG ; Shaoyang JI ; Yijia LI ; Yu REN
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2026;30(1):58-67
BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass,strength,and/or physical function.Currently,effective treatments for sarcopenia remain limited.A new therapeutic approach to improve symptoms and prognosis of sarcopenia patients clinically was important.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia in mice.METHODS:Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from canine adipose tissue,and identified and functionally evaluated through flow cytometry and differentiation assays for osteogenesis,adipogenesis,and chondrogenesis.Subsequently,exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were extracted and characterized using transmission electron microscopy,western blot assay,and nanocoulter tracking analysis.In vitro,the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on myotube growth and the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes were investigated using dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy and aging C2C12 models.In vivo,a dexamethasone-induced mouse sarcopenia model was established and received intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Therapeutic efficacy was assessed through mouse rotarod performance,histopathological analysis,and muscle atrophy-related genes testing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The isolated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells highly expressed CD73,CD90,and CD105,and lowly expressed MHC-Ⅱ,CD14,CD19,CD34,and CD45,and successfully differentiated into osteoblasts,adipocytes,and chondrocytes in vitro.(2)The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes met the identification criteria in terms of particle size,electron microscopy morphology,and positive expression of specific markers.(3)Compared to the dexamethasone-induced C2C12 atrophy group,treatment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted the recovery and growth of myotubes,inhibited the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes MuRF1 and Atrogin-1.(4)Compared to the aging C2C12 group,adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes significantly enhanced the recovery and growth of aged muscle tubes in aging cells.(5)Compared to the control group,the rotarod time in dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia model mice was significantly decreased(P<0.01).After 7 days(P<0.01,P<0.01)and 10 days(P<0.01,P<0.05)of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment via intraperitoneal and intravenous injection,rotarod time was significantly increased,respectively.After 14 days,all treatment groups showed longer rotarod times than the model group,although with no significant differences between them.(6)Compared to the control group,the cross-sectional area of anterior tibial muscle in the model group was significantly reduced(P<0.01),and it was significantly increased after intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(P<0.05,P<0.01).(7)Compared to the model group,intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 genes(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01).The results indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted recovery and growth of atrophic myotube cells by inhibiting the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes,and both intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells provided good therapeutic effects on sarcopenia in mice.
3.Upgrade and practice of the drug traceability code management system in children’s hospital under the “payment by code”background
Jinxiang LIN ; Suping LI ; Yanqing SU ; Dehui YE ; Xianwen CHEN ; Yushuang CHEN ; Zhihui JI ; Dongchuan LAI ; Xiayang WU
China Pharmacy 2026;37(3):288-293
OBJECTIVE To upgrade the drug traceability code management system for a pediatric hospital under the “payment by code” background, aiming to comprehensively enhance traceability integrity, efficiency, and compliance. METHODS Taking Xiamen Children’s Hospital as the implementation setting, a before-and-after control design was adopted to construct an intelligent drug traceability code management system through systematic upgrades involving the technology platform, core mechanisms, and coordination with medical insurance. Key interventions included: upgrading a traceability code management platform and designing a dynamic code pool; innovating differentiated traceability mechanisms for routine, split-dose, and special drugs; establishing a tiered early-warning and emergency response system; and constructing a data coordination and quality control system. The drug traceability code upload rate served as the primary outcome. Process indicators such as the root causes distribution of failed uploads and the duration of medication returns, and a comprehensive outcome (the number of insurance-flagged abnormal prescriptions) were also analyzed. The data between the baseline period (April 2025) and the observation period (June-August 2025) were compared and evaluated. RESULTS After the upgrade, the overall upload rate of drug traceability codes increased from 9.21% (baseline) to 99.86% (August 2025). The upload rate of traceability codes in previously unmanaged areas, such as the inpatient pharmacy and pharmacy intravenous admixture services, soared from 0 to nearly 100%. The proportion of non-uploads due to system issues fell from 66.44% (June 2025) to 2.62% (August Additionally, the number of insurance-flagged) abnormal prescriptions dropped sharply from 2 275.00 in the first “payment by code” policy month (July 2025) to 212.00 by the end of the observation period (August 2025), a 90.70% decrease. CONCLUSIONS The developed management system effectively addresses complex scenario challenges such as high-frequency drug splitting. It significantly enhances traceability code upload performance and ensures a high degree of compliance with medical insurance data requirements. These outcomes contribute to proactive risk mitigation against insurance claim denials and demonstrate a concurrent optimization of pharmacy operations.
4.Research Advances of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease:Overview and Prospects
Liang DAI ; Guang JI ; Xianbo WANG ; Li ZHANG ; Hanchen XU ; Xudong TANG
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2026;67(4):386-391
The pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is fundamentally rooted in spleen deficiency and is closely associated with phlegm turbidity, damp-heat and blood stasis. Clinically, liver constraint with spleen deficiency and internal retention of damp turbidity represent the predominant traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome patterns. Researches have indicated intrinsic connections between the syndrome patterns and biological indicators such as gut microbiota and metabolic profiles. Regarding treatment, classical famous formulas, modern empirical formulas, and newly developed TCM drugs show positive effects in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance, and alleviating metabolic inflammation, exhibiting multi-target mechanisms of action; acupuncture and other external therapies also provide adjunctive value. Nevertheless, current researches still have limitations such as the lack of high-quality clinical evidence and insufficient systematic elucidation of the uncerlying mechanisms. Future efforts should focus on conducting high-quality TCM clinical trials with hard endpoint outcomes such as hepatic histology outcomes, and utilizing modern technologies like multi-omics to elucidate TCM's mechanisms of action, thereby advancing the position of TCM as a first-line therapeutic strategy for MASLD.
5.Investigation on current situation of cognitive impairment and influencing factors in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Ling JIANG ; Yenan JI ; Guanghua YANG ; Xuan LI
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine 2026;37(1):150-153
Objective To investigate the current status of cognitive impairment and its influencing factors in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to explore effective intervention strategies. Methods A total of 380 patients with AD diagnosed in the Qingdao Central Hospital were retrospectively enrolled between January 2023 and January 2025. According to scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the patients were divided into a mild cognitive impairment group (21-25 points) and a moderate to severe impairment group (<21 points). The general clinical data in the two groups were collected. The influencing factors of moderate to severe cognitive impairment were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 380 AD patients, 157 cases (41.32%) had mild cognitive impairment, and 223 cases (58.68%) had moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Compared with the mild cognitive impairment group, the moderate to severe cognitive impairment group had a higher proportion of patients who were aged ≥ 75 years, engaged in physical labor, had a disease course of ≥5 years, and had moderate to severe atrophy on head CT examination (P < 0.05). Age ≥75 years, disease course ≥5 years, and moderate to severe atrophy on head CT were independent risk factors of moderate to severe cognitive impairment in AD patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Cognitive impairment is closely related to age, disease course and head CT manifestations in AD patients. Interventions targeting these key factors are expected to delay cognitive decline and improve patients' quality of life.
6.Application of Onlay bone grafts from mandibular lateral oblique line in implant restoration of bone defects in upper anterior teeth
Shencong XU ; Zifei FANG ; Mingyi JI ; Chengrui XU ; Binhong LI ; Jiayu CAO ; Junfeng XU
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2026;30(4):841-848
BACKGROUND:With the development of oral implantology,implant restoration has gradually become the first choice of restoration after missing teeth,and bone augmentation procedures have led to the expansion of implant indications and the improvement of the success rate of implant restoration.However,the long-term stability of bone height,width and volume after bone augmentation surgery has been one of the clinical difficulties for oral implantologists.OBJECTIVE:To measure and analyze the bone width,height,and volume of different sites in the bone augmentation area at different time points using cone-beam CT and an automatic image alignment program.METHODS:Seventeen patients with severe bone defects in the upper anterior region who underwent Onlay bone block grafting in the external oblique region were recruited from the Department of Stomatology,Zhejiang Tongde Hospital.There were 10 males and 7 females,with a mean age of(45.88±12.47)years.The cone-beam CT scans of the patients' Onlay bone grafts were taken at five time points:preoperatively,immediately postoperatively,6 months postoperatively,immediately post implantation,and 6 months post implantation,and then were statistically analyzed for alveolar bone volume,width,and height in the bone augmentation area,as well as for the difference in the alveolar bone volume of the bone incremental area between patients of different sexes and age.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The alveolar bone volume in the bone augmentation area was higher immediately and 6 months after bone grafting than before bone grafting(P<0.05)as well as was higher immediately after bone grafting than 6 months after bone grafting(P<0.05).The alveolar bone height in the bone augmentation area was higher immediately and 6 months after bone grafting than before bone grafting(P<0.05).The horizontal width of the alveolar bone at various sites in the bone augmentation area immediately and 6 months after bone grafting was higher than that before bone grafting(P<0.05).(2)There was no significant difference in the volume of bone graft resorption at various sites in the bone augmentation area between males and females immediately and 6 months after bone grafting(P>0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between age and the change in bone augmentation area volume immediately and 6 months after bone grafting,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).(3)Twenty-five dental implants with completed implant restorations functioned normally,and the survival rate of the implants was 100%.To conclude,Onlay bone graft implant restoration in the upper anterior region can significantly improve insufficient bone with favorable outcomes.However,there is some amount of bone resorption in the bone augmentation area at 6 months after Onlay bone grafting and it is necessary to open up the second surgical area.Clinicians should consider different bone augmentation procedures in accordance with the specific circumstances.
7.Therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia in mice
Weiyuan YUAN ; Qinhui LEI ; Xiuqi LI ; Tiezhu LU ; Ziwen FU ; Zhili LIANG ; Shaoyang JI ; Yijia LI ; Yu REN
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2026;30(1):58-67
BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass,strength,and/or physical function.Currently,effective treatments for sarcopenia remain limited.A new therapeutic approach to improve symptoms and prognosis of sarcopenia patients clinically was important.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia in mice.METHODS:Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from canine adipose tissue,and identified and functionally evaluated through flow cytometry and differentiation assays for osteogenesis,adipogenesis,and chondrogenesis.Subsequently,exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were extracted and characterized using transmission electron microscopy,western blot assay,and nanocoulter tracking analysis.In vitro,the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on myotube growth and the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes were investigated using dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy and aging C2C12 models.In vivo,a dexamethasone-induced mouse sarcopenia model was established and received intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Therapeutic efficacy was assessed through mouse rotarod performance,histopathological analysis,and muscle atrophy-related genes testing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The isolated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells highly expressed CD73,CD90,and CD105,and lowly expressed MHC-Ⅱ,CD14,CD19,CD34,and CD45,and successfully differentiated into osteoblasts,adipocytes,and chondrocytes in vitro.(2)The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes met the identification criteria in terms of particle size,electron microscopy morphology,and positive expression of specific markers.(3)Compared to the dexamethasone-induced C2C12 atrophy group,treatment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted the recovery and growth of myotubes,inhibited the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes MuRF1 and Atrogin-1.(4)Compared to the aging C2C12 group,adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes significantly enhanced the recovery and growth of aged muscle tubes in aging cells.(5)Compared to the control group,the rotarod time in dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia model mice was significantly decreased(P<0.01).After 7 days(P<0.01,P<0.01)and 10 days(P<0.01,P<0.05)of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment via intraperitoneal and intravenous injection,rotarod time was significantly increased,respectively.After 14 days,all treatment groups showed longer rotarod times than the model group,although with no significant differences between them.(6)Compared to the control group,the cross-sectional area of anterior tibial muscle in the model group was significantly reduced(P<0.01),and it was significantly increased after intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(P<0.05,P<0.01).(7)Compared to the model group,intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 genes(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01).The results indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted recovery and growth of atrophic myotube cells by inhibiting the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes,and both intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells provided good therapeutic effects on sarcopenia in mice.
8.Risk factors for postoperative anterior chamber exudation in age-related cataract patients and construction of a nomogram prediction model
Chuanhua ZHUO ; Shiyong LI ; Tingting JI ; Yu TANG
International Eye Science 2026;26(1):96-102
AIM: To explore the risk factors for postoperative anterior chamber exudation in cataract patients and construct a nomogram prediction model.METHODS: Retrospective study. From July 2019 to October 2024, 450 patients(467 eyes)with age-related cataract who underwent surgery in our hospital were collected as the study subjects. They were randomly grouped into a modeling group(315 cases, 327 eyes)and a validation group(135 cases, 140 eyes)roughly estimated at a 7:3 ratio using the random number table method. Both groups were separated into a non-exudative group and an exudative group based on whether anterior chamber exudation occurred after surgery. Clinical basic data was collected; multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract after surgery; R software was applied to draw a nomogram prediction model of anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract after surgery; the calibration curve and Hosmer Lemeshow(H-L)test were applied to evaluate the calibration of the column plot model in predicting the occurrence of anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract after surgery; ROC was applied to evaluate the efficacy of anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract after surgery.RESULTS:The clinical characteristics of the modeling group and the validation group were comparable. The high myopia, history of uveitis, preoperative intraocular pressure, lens nuclear grade, intraoperative cumulative dissipated energy, and intraoperative posterior capsular rupture of the lens were the influencing factors for postoperative anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract(all P<0.05). The results of the modeling group verifying the occurrence of anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract after surgery showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.986(95% CI: 0.966-0.996), the H-L test was χ2=6.494, P=0.592, indicating that the risk of anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract after surgery predicted by model had good consistency with actual risks, the AUC of postoperative anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract based on external validation was 0.982(95% CI: 0.960-0.994); and the H-L test suggested that the risk of anterior chamber exudation in CAT patients after surgery predicted by model had good consistency with actual risks(χ2=6.117, P=0.634).CONCLUSION:High myopia, history of uveitis, preoperative intraocular pressure, lens nuclear grade, intraoperative cumulative dissipated energy, and intraoperative posterior capsular rupture of the lens are risk factors for postoperative anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract; the nomogram prediction model constructed based on this has high predictive value, and can provide reference for individualized prevention of anterior chamber exudation in patients with age-related cataract after surgery.
9.Effect of Yang-Reinforcing and Blood-Activating Therapy on the Long-Term Prognosis for Dilated Cardio-myopathy Patients with Yang Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome:A Retrospective Cohort Study
Shiyi TAO ; Jun LI ; Lintong YU ; Ji WU ; Yuqing TAN ; Xiao XIA ; Fuyuan ZHANG ; Tiantian XUE ; Xuanchun HUANG
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2026;67(1):53-59
ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the long-term prognosis for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 371 DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. The yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was defined as the exposure factor. Patients were categorized into exposure group (186 cases) and non-exposure group (185 cases) according to whether they received yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy combined with conventional western medicine for 6 months or longer. The follow-up period was set at 48 months, and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in both groups. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the risk of MACE, and subgroup analysis was performed. Changes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score were compared between groups at the time of first combined use of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy (before treatment) and 1 year after receiving the therapy (after treatment). ResultsMACE occurred in 31 cases (16.67%) in the exposure group and 47 cases (25.41%) in the non-exposure group. The cumulative incidence of MACE in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the non-exposure group [HR=0.559, 95%CI(0.361,0.895), P=0.014]. Cox regression analysis showed that yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was an independent factor for reducing the risk of MACE in DCM patients [HR=0.623, 95%CI(0.396,0.980), P=0.041], and consistent results were observed in different subgroups. Compared with pre-treatment, the exposure group showed decreased TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score, reduced LVEDD, and increased LVEF and LVFS after treatment (P<0.05); in the non-exposure group, TCM syndrome score decreased, LVEF and LVFS increased, and LVEDD reduced after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the exposure group had higher LVEF and LVFS, smaller LVEDD, and lower TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score compared with the non-exposure group (P<0.05). ConclusionCombining yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy with conventional western medicine can reduce the risk of MACE in DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, meanwhile improving their clinical symptoms, cardiac function, and quality of life.
10.Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Alleviating Inflammatory Pain in Rats by Regulating ErbB Subtypes in the Spinal Dorsal Horn
Yuxin WU ; Shuxin TIAN ; Zhengyi LYU ; Dingru JI ; Xingzhen LI ; Yue DONG ; Binyu ZHAO ; Yi LIANG ; Jianqiao FANG
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2026;67(1):69-78
ObjectiveTo observe the changes in the levels of different subtypes of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB), namely ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4, in the spinal dorsal horn of inflammatory pain model rats, and to explore their mechanism of mediating hyperalgesia as well as the intervention mechanism of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli (ST 36)" and "Kunlun (BL 60)". MethodsThe study was divided into five parts. In experiment 1, 14 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control and inflammatory pain group (7 rats each group) to observe the pain behavior and the protein expression of different ErbB receptor subtypes in the spinal dorsal horn. In experiment 2, 30 rats were randomly divided into control group 1, inflammatory pain group 1, and low-, medium-, and high-concentration TX1-85-1 groups, with 6 rats in each group, to observe the effect of inhibiting spinal ErbB3 on inflammatory pain. In experiment 3, 12 rats were randomly divided into control virus group and ErbB3 knockdown virus group, with 6 rats in each group, to observe the effect of knocking down ErbB3 in the spinal dorsal horn on inflammatory pain. In experiment 4, 44 rats were randomly divided into control group 2, inflammatory pain group 2, electroacupuncture group, and sham electroacupuncture group, with 11 rats in each group, to observe the effect of electroacupuncture. In experiment 5, 40 rats were randomly divided into control group 3, inflammatory pain group 3, electroacupuncture group 1, and electroacupuncture + NRG1 group, with 10 rats in each group, to observe the effect of activating ErbB3 on electroacupuncture. A rat model of inflammatory pain was established by subcutaneous injection of 100 μl of complete Freund's adjuvant into the sole of the unilateral hind foot of SD rats. Rats in the low-, medium-, and high-concentration TX1-85-1 groups were intrathecally injected with ErbB3 inhibitor TX1-85-1 on day 5 to day 7 after modeling. Rats in the ErbB3 knockdown virus group were injected with ErbB3 knockdown virus packaged with adenovirus vector-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into the spinal dorsal horn in situ 3 weeks before modeling. Rats in each electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at bilateral "Zusanli (ST 36)" and "Kunlun (BL 60)" from day 1 to day 7 after modeling, with dense-sparse waves at a frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz and a current of 0.5-1.5 mA for 30 minutes once a day. Rats in the electroacupuncture + NRG1 group were intrathecally injected with ErbB3 ligand recombinant human neuregulin-1 (NRG1) after electroacupuncture intervention from day 5 to day 7 after modeling. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of rats were measured on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 after modeling to evaluate behavior, and Western Blot was used to detect the protein and phosphorylation levels of each ErbB subtype in the spinal dorsal horn. ResultsCompared with the control group, rats in the inflammatory pain group showed decreased mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of rats, and increased expression of phosphorylated ErbB3 (p-ErbB3) protein in the spinal dorsal horn on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after modeling (P<0.01). On day 5 and day 7 after modeling, compared with the inflammatory pain group 1, the mecha-nical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of rats in the medium- and high-concentration TX1-85-1 groups increased, and the expression of p-ErbB3 protein decreased (P<0.05). On day 1, 3, 5, and 7 after modeling, compared with the control virus group, the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of rats in the ErbB3 knockdown virus group increased (P<0.05). On day 5 and day 7 after modeling, compared with the inflammatory pain group 2 and the sham electroacupuncture group, the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of rats in the electroacupuncture group increased, and the expression of p-ErbB3 protein decreased (P<0.05). On day 5 and day 7 after modeling, compared with the electroacupuncture + NRG1 group, the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of rats in the electroacupuncture group 1 increased (P<0.05). ConclusionThe p-ErbB3 in the spinal dorsal horn involved in hyperalgesia in rats with inflammatory pain, and electroacupuncture at "Zusanli (ST 36)" and "Kunlun (BL 60)" can alleviate inflammatory pain by inhibiting the expression of p-ErbB3 protein in the spinal dorsal horn of rats.


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