AIM: To conduct a CiteSpace-based visualization analysis of the literature on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment of diabetic retinopathy(DR)from January 2014 to January 2024.METHODS: The literatures were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database. Co-occurrence, clustering, and emergence analyses of annual publications, authors, research institutions, and keywords were performed using Note Express and CiteSpace software to generate knowledge graph.RESULTS: A total of 643 Chinese-language articles were included. The annual publication trend was characterized by fluctuations. The primary research institutions were Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medical and Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Twenty high-frequency keywords were identified, including diabetes, TCM, and review, along with emergent terms such as Qiming granules and data mining. The research focus in 2014 was on exploring therapeutic methods and the efficacy of proprietary Chinese medicines. From 2016 to 2018, the research perspective expanded to include symptoms and multi-factorial analysis. Between 2018 and 2020, there was an in-depth investigation into evidence types and disease stages. After 2019, the emphasis shifted towards TCM-specific therapies and patient-centered concepts. From 2022 to 2024, innovation in research methods and the theory of TCM collaterals theory emerged as new hotspots.CONCLUSION: The research on TCM treatment for DR is still in an ascending phase. The primary research hotspot currently centers on Qiming granules. Future trends are likely to focus on the efficacy and mechanisms of action. The combined application of different therapies and long-term follow-up experimental research could provide a more robust basis for evidence-based medicine, unearth the potential of TCM, and promote its development in the prevention and treatment of DR.

Background::In vitro fertilization (IVF) has emerged as a transformative solution for infertility. However, achieving favorable live-birth outcomes remains challenging. Current clinical IVF practices in IVF involve the collection of heterogeneous embryo data through diverse methods, including static images and temporal videos. However, traditional embryo selection methods, primarily reliant on visual inspection of morphology, exhibit variability and are contingent on the experience of practitioners. Therefore, an automated system that can evaluate heterogeneous embryo data to predict the final outcomes of live births is highly desirable. Methods::We employed artificial intelligence (AI) for embryo morphological grading, blastocyst embryo selection, aneuploidy prediction, and final live-birth outcome prediction. We developed and validated the AI models using multitask learning for embryo morphological assessment, including pronucleus type on day 1 and the number of blastomeres, asymmetry, and fragmentation of blastomeres on day 3, using 19,201 embryo photographs from 8271 patients. A neural network was trained on embryo and clinical metadata to identify good-quality embryos for implantation on day 3 or day 5, and predict live-birth outcomes. Additionally, a 3D convolutional neural network was trained on 418 time-lapse videos of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)-based ploidy outcomes for the prediction of aneuploidy and consequent live-birth outcomes.Results::These two approaches enabled us to automatically assess the implantation potential. By combining embryo and maternal metrics in an ensemble AI model, we evaluated live-birth outcomes in a prospective cohort that achieved higher accuracy than experienced embryologists (46.1% vs. 30.7% on day 3, 55.0% vs. 40.7% on day 5). Our results demonstrate the potential for AI-based selection of embryos based on characteristics beyond the observational abilities of human clinicians (area under the curve: 0.769, 95% confidence interval: 0.709–0.820). These findings could potentially provide a noninvasive, high-throughput, and low-cost screening tool to facilitate embryo selection and achieve better outcomes. Conclusions::Our study underscores the AI model’s ability to provide interpretable evidence for clinicians in assisted reproduction, highlighting its potential as a noninvasive, efficient, and cost-effective tool for improved embryo selection and enhanced IVF outcomes. The convergence of cutting-edge technology and reproductive medicine has opened new avenues for addressing infertility challenges and optimizing IVF success rates.

An etiological analysis of a diarrhea outbreak attributed to C.perfringens was conducted.Anal swab and envi-ronmental smear samples were collected and subjected to fluorescence PCR detection of C.perfringens plc and cpe,as well as isolation and culture of C.perfringens before and after enrichment culture.The isolated colonies underwent fully automated bi-ochemical identification and time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis.Whole genome sequencing of isolates identified as C.perfringens was performed to analyze the strain carrying virulence and resistance genes,and the genetic aggregation based on single nucleotide polymorphisms in the core genome for all isolates.The positivity rates for plc and cpe genes without bacterial enhancement were 46.15％(6/13)and 53.85％(7/13),respectively.The positivity rates for plc and cpe genes after 24 h anae-robic bacterial enhancement in BHI were 38.46％(5/13)and 53.85％(7/13).All ten isolated CP belonged to the F biotype,with virulence gene characteristics of plc+/cpb-/etx-/iA-/cpe+/cpb2+/netB-.The phylogenomic tree indicated that all ten case-patient isolates except P1 isolate(lineage 1)were closely related and clustered together in a single clade(lineage 2).Lineage 1 belonged to ST589 and carried the macrolide re-sistance gene erm(Q),whereas lineage 2 belonged to ST149 and carried the tetracycline resistance gene tetB(P).The outbreak was caused by type F C.perfringens,and most ca-ses were infected with a group of highly clonogenic cpe+col-onies.Whole genome sequencing technology can be applied to etiology analysis of C.perfringens outbreak events,and the enrichment culture and molecular screening methods for C.per-fringens based on anal swab samples should be further developed and applied.

AIM To study endophytic fungi from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.and the enzyme inhibitory activities of their secondary metabolites.METHODS Six different media were used to isolate and purify endophytic fungi from S.baicalensis by tissue homogenate method.The activities of secondary metabolites were evaluated by targeting different enzymes.The highly active strains were identified by molecular biology combined with morphology,and the highly active chemical components were tracked and separated by modern chromatographic separation technology.RESULTS Sixty-four endophytic fungal strains were isolated from S.baicalensis,and one hundred and twenty-eight secondary metabolites were obtained by fermentation.The samples with certain inhibitory activities against adenosine deaminase(ADA),β-lactamase and tyrosinase(TYR)accounted for 14.06%,3.91%and 18.75%,respectively.Strain HTS-23-2 showed high TYR inhibitory activity,and 99%homology with Aspergillus flavus by molecular identification.One compound was isolated from the fermentation samples and identified as kojic acid.CONCLUSION S.baicalensis harbors a rich diversity of endophytic fungi,which serve as a valuable resource for active substances.

Objective:To investigate the interactive effect of mismatch repair (MMR) protein status and adverse clinicopathological features on prognosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ colon cancer.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 650 patients with colon cancer of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ who were admitted to 7 hospitals in China from January 2016 to December 2017 were collected. There were 963 males and 687 females, aged 62(53,71)years. Patients were classified as 230 cases of MMR deficiency (dMMR) and 1 420 cases of MMR proficiency (pMMR) based on their MMR protein status. Observation indicators: (1) comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between patients of different MMR protein status; (2) analysis of factors affecting the survival outcomes of patients of dMMR; (3) analysis of factors affecting the survival outcomes of patients of pMMR; (4) interaction analysis of MMR and adverse clinicopathological features on survival outcomes. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The random forest interpolation method was used for missing values in data interpolation. Univariate analysis was conducted using the COX proportional risk regression model, and multivariate analysis was conducted using the COX stepwise regression with forward method. The coefficient of multiplication interaction effect was obtained using the interaction term coefficient of COX proportional risk regression model. Evaluation of additive interaction effects was conducted using the relative excess risk due to interaction ( RERI). Results:(1) Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between patients of different MMR protein status. There were significant differences in age, T staging, the number of lymph node harvest, the number of lymph node harvest <12, high grade tumor between patients of dMMR and pMMR ( P<0.05). (2) Analysis of factors affecting the survival outcomes of patients of dMMR. Results of multivariate analysis showed that T staging, N staging, the number of lymph node harvest <12 were independent factors affecting the disease-free survival (DFS) of colon cancer patients of dMMR ( hazard ratio=3.548, 2.589, 6.702, 95% confidence interval as 1.460-8.620, 1.064-6.301, 1.886-23.813, P<0.05). Age and N staging were independent factors affecting the overall survival (OS) of colon cancer patients of dMMR ( hazard ratio=1.073, 10.684, 95% confidence interval as 1.021-1.126, 2.311-49.404, P<0.05). (3) Analysis of factors affecting the survival outcomes of patients of pMMR. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age, T staging, N staging, vascular tumor thrombus were independent factors affecting the DFS of colon cancer patients of pMMR ( hazard ratio=1.018, 2.214, 2.598, 1.549, 95% confidence interval as 1.006-1.030, 1.618-3.030, 1.921-3.513, 1.118-2.147, P<0.05). Age, T staging, N staging, high grade tumor were independent factors affecting the OS of colon cancer patients of pMMR ( hazard ratio=1.036, 2.080, 2.591, 1.615, 95% confidence interval as 1.020-1.052, 1.407-3.075, 1.791-3.748, 1.114-2.341, P<0.05). (4) Interaction analysis of MMR and adverse clinicopathological features on survival outcomes. Results of interaction analysis showed that the multiplication interaction effect between the number of lymph node harvest <12 and MMR protein status was significant on DFS of colon cancer patients ( hazard ratio=3.923, 95% confidence interval as 1.057-14.555, P<0.05). The additive interaction effects between age and MMR protein status, between high grade tumor and MMR protein status were significant on OS of colon cancer patients ( RERI=-0.033, -1.304, 95% confidence interval as -0.049 to -0.018, -2.462 to -0.146). Conclusions:There is an interaction between the MMR protein status and the adverse clinicopathological features (the number of lymph node harvest <12, high grade tumor) on prognosis of colon cancer patients of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ. In patients of dMMR, the number of lymph node harvest <12 has a stronger predictive effect on poor prognosis. In patients of pMMR, the high grade tumor has a stronger predictive effect on poor prognosis.

Pancreatic cancer is also known as the " king of cancer" . It is difficult to diagnose and has a high degree of malignancy. Most patients are in advanced stage when they are found. The prognosis is very poor. Early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer are very important to improve survival rate and prognosis. In recent years, with the continuous popularization of laparoscopic technology, as well as the updating and iteration of related equipment such as 3D visualization and 4K high-definition laparoscopy, and the continuous maturity of surgical technology, laparoscopic surgery for pancreatic tumors has also made unprecedented progress. This review will discuss the application and development of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery as a treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer based on the existing research progress.

Human exhaled breath has great application prospects,e.g.,monitoring pharmacokinetics,disease diagnosis,due to its advantages such as non-invasive and high-frequency sampling.Breath samples can be collected from the oral and nasal cavity.However,the oral and nasal environment affect the chemical composition of breath sample.Therefore,the investigation on the chemical composition of mouth-exhaled breath and nose-exhaled breath is crucial for selection of appropriate sampling strategy for individual studies.In this work,secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry(SESI-HRMS)was applied to analysis of respiratory metabolomics in real time.A quantitative analysis approach was established for 9 kinds of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)e.g.2-butanone,2-pentanone,ethyl acetate,methyl methacrylate,toluene,styrene,mesitylene,isoprene and limonene.The limit of detection was 2.3?240.8 ng/m3.The intra-day(n=6)and inter-day(n=18)relative standard deviations were 0.6%?4.6%and 4.3%?12.2%,respectively.Nine healthy subjects were recruited to investigate the chemical composition of mouth-exhaled and nose-exhaled breath.The results showed the good performance in quantitative analysis of 9 VOCs in breath air.It was found that the number of unique component(m/z)detected in mouth-exhaled breath(167)was 2.2 times greater than that detected in nose-exhaled breath(76),which might result from the complex environment in oral cavity.The signal intensity of commun component(163)was significantly different between mouth-exhaled breath and nose-exhaled breath.Additionally,the elemental composition analysis showed that the proportion of polar compounds detected in nose-exhaled breath was higher than that in mouth-exhaled breath.This study demonstrated that there was significant differences in the chemical composition between mouth-exhaled and nose-exhaled breath,which provided a theoretical basis for selection of exhalation mode.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of joint needling method combined with ultrasound in the treatment of qi stagnation and blood stasis type of patellofemoral pain syndrome(PFPS).Methods Eighty-six patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis type of PFPS were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 43 cases in each group.The control group was given western medicine conventional treatment combined with functional exercise,and the observation group was given joint needling method combined with ultrasound treatment on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated for 2 consecutive weeks.After 2 weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores of knee pain and the Kujala scale scores of the two groups were observed before and after treatment.The changes in active range of motion(AROM)of the affected knee joint were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.Results(1)After treatment,the VAS scores of the two groups of patients were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the level of VAS scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the Kujala scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the level of Kujala scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the AROM of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the level of AROM,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)The total effective rate was 95.35%(41/43)in the observation group and 81.40%(35/43)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The joint needling method combined with ultrasound can significantly relieve the pain symptoms of patients with PFPS and promote the recovery of knee joint function,and the clinical efficacy is remarkable.

In order to provide basic information for the utilization and development of famous classical formulas containing Bletillae Rhizoma， this article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， harvesting and processing of Bletillae Rhizoma by reviewing the ancient materia medica， prescription books， medical books and modern literature. The research results showed that Baiji（白及） was the main name， some scholars took Baiji（白芨） as its main name， and there were many other names such as Baiji（白给）， Baigen（白根）， Baiji（白苙）. The mainstream source of Bletillae Rhizoma was the tubers of Bletilla striata， and drying， large， white， solid， root-free and skin removed completely were the good quality standards. With the promotion of wild to cultivated medicinal materials， there were certain differences between their traits， and the quality evaluation indexes should be adjusted accordingly. The origin of records in the past dynasties was widely distributed， with Guizhou and Sichuan having high production and good quality in modern times. The harvesting period is mostly in spring and autumn， and harvested in autumn was better. The processing and processing technology is relatively simple， and it was used fresh or powdered in past dynasties， while it is mainly sliced for raw use in modern times. Based on the results， it is suggested that the tubers of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae should be used in the famous classical formulas， and it should be uniformly written as Baiji（白及）. And if the original formula indicates the requirement of processing， it should be operated according to the requirement， if the requirement of processing is not indicated， it can be used in raw form as medicine.

【Objective】 To analyze the reentry of single reagent reactive voluntary blood donors in our center, in order to provide data support and reference for the recall of single reagent reactive blood donors. 【Methods】 Collect the information of eligible blood donors from the information system of our center from January 2019 to September 2023 were collected, and the reentry were tracked and retrospectively analyzed. The demographic characteristics, active reentry rate, and re-donation rate of eligible blood donors were analyzed, and the differences between qualified reentry rates and factors affecting re-donation were compared using chi-square test. 【Results】 A total of 3 361 blood donors met the reentry criteria, with an active reentry rate of 2.7% (91/3 361) and a qualified reentry rate of 80.21% (73/91). The reentry rate of eligible blood donors showed significant differences in terms of different genders(3.3% vs 2.1%), educational background(3.7% vs 2.3%), blood donation frequency(9.3% vs 4.0% vs 1.3%), testing items(7.7% vs 2.7% vs 1.9% vs 1.3%) and blood donation types(18.1% vs 2.0%) (P<0.05). Difference was noticed in the qualified rate of blood donor reentry among different age groups (61.1% vs 94.4% vs 81.8%) (P<0.05). A total of 126 blood donors donated again, with a total volume of 47 800 mL, a re-donation rate of 49.3% (36/73) and a qualified rate of re-donation of 98.4% (124/126), showing a difference between repeat blood donors and first-time donors (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The active reentry rate of single reagent reactive blood donors in our center is relatively low, but the qualified rate of reentry and the re-donation rate are both high. The re-donation is mainly donation of apheresis platelets, and successful reentry blood donors have a strong willingness to donate blood.