OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis. METHODS: Data from 171 Chinese adults (19-21 years old) were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen, Yinchuan, and Changzhi. The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered (iodine intake: 11-26 μg/day) and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for iodine, including estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI). RESULTS: The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57, 58, and 51 μg/day in three balance studies, respectively. Moreover, it was further suggested as 57, 58, and 51 μg/day for iodine EAR, and 80, 81, and 71 μg/day for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42, 1.41, and 1.20 μg/(day·kg) of body weight. CONCLUSION The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis, which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.
Humans ; Iodine/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Female ; China ; Young Adult ; Diet ; Adult ; Nutritional Requirements ; East Asian People

Objective:To improve the understanding of the clinical manifestation of immunoglobulin G 4-related disease (IgG 4-RD) with neurological involvement. Methods:Patients presenting with neurological symptoms and biopsy-confirmed IgG 4-RD were enrolled between March 2014 and March 2024 from the Department of Neurology of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University. Medical record data of all patients were retrospectively reviewed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiological results, pathology, treatments, and outcomes. RD were enrolled between March Results:Nine patients (five males, four females; median age at onset: 63 years) were included in the study. Neurological manifestations consisted of pachymeningitis in six cases, peripheral nerve involvement in two, and brain parenchyma involvement in one. Four patients displayed isolated neurologic symptoms. The most common clinical manifestations were headache and cranial nerve palsy, each involving five cases. Magnetic resonance imaging showed thickening and enhancement of the dura mater in the six patients with pachymeningitis. Four of these cases involved the posterior cranial fossa, 3 presented with an inflammatory pseudotumor, and 2 involved the spinal cord. Four patients with pachymeningitis had normal serum IgG 4 concentrations. Eight patients exhibited elevated serum C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rates, with some also showing decreased complement C3 and C4 levels. Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin was elevated in all nine cases. In all cases, histopathologic biopsy results showed extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, with the latter displaying IgG 4+abnormalities. All patients received glucocorticoid therapy, with six also receiving immunosuppressants. All patients were followed up for a median of 30 months, with outcomes including two complete remissions, five partial remissions, one unchanged condition, and one death. Six patients experienced a relapse. Conclusions:Isolated hypertrophic pachymeningitis is the most common manifestation of IgG 4-RD, often occurring in the absence of elevated serum IgG 4 levels. Peripheral nerve and brain parenchyma involvement can also be seen. Clinical manifestations are non-specific, and histopathologic biopsy is frequently required for diagnosis. Although the disease responds well to hormone treatment, recurrence is common. Early combined immunosuppressive therapy can improve prognosis.

Lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1),a member of the flavin-dependent amine oxidase fam-ily,is a crucial"eraser"of lysine methylation.It reversibly removes methyl groups from histone H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2,thereby regulating gene expression and chromatin function.Located with-in the nucleus,LSD 1 influences various biological processes in tumors,including proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.Previous studies have demonstrated that LSD1 is significantly overexpressed in gynecolog-ical cancers such as ovarian cancer,cervical cancer,and endometrial cancer,and its overexpression is closely associated with poor patient survival and unfavorable prognosis.Research indicates that LSD1 may promote tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis through the PI3K/AKT and mTOR signaling pathways,while also suppressing tumor cell autophagy and immune surveillance,contributing to immune evasion.In cervical cancer,LSD1 interacts with HPV16 E7,facilitating the epithelial-mesenchymal tran-sition(EMT)process.Furthermore,LSD1 inhibitors have shown promising therapeutic potential in ani-mal studies,particularly in restoring the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to platinum-based chemothera-py.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms,functional targets,and associated signaling path-ways of LSD1 in gynecological cancers,as well as the mechanisms of action of various LSD1 inhibitors,aiming to provide new insights for targeted therapies in gynecological malignancies.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To improve the understanding of the clinical manifestation of immunoglobulin G 4-related disease (IgG 4-RD) with neurological involvement. Methods:Patients presenting with neurological symptoms and biopsy-confirmed IgG 4-RD were enrolled between March 2014 and March 2024 from the Department of Neurology of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University. Medical record data of all patients were retrospectively reviewed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiological results, pathology, treatments, and outcomes. RD were enrolled between March Results:Nine patients (five males, four females; median age at onset: 63 years) were included in the study. Neurological manifestations consisted of pachymeningitis in six cases, peripheral nerve involvement in two, and brain parenchyma involvement in one. Four patients displayed isolated neurologic symptoms. The most common clinical manifestations were headache and cranial nerve palsy, each involving five cases. Magnetic resonance imaging showed thickening and enhancement of the dura mater in the six patients with pachymeningitis. Four of these cases involved the posterior cranial fossa, 3 presented with an inflammatory pseudotumor, and 2 involved the spinal cord. Four patients with pachymeningitis had normal serum IgG 4 concentrations. Eight patients exhibited elevated serum C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rates, with some also showing decreased complement C3 and C4 levels. Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin was elevated in all nine cases. In all cases, histopathologic biopsy results showed extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, with the latter displaying IgG 4+abnormalities. All patients received glucocorticoid therapy, with six also receiving immunosuppressants. All patients were followed up for a median of 30 months, with outcomes including two complete remissions, five partial remissions, one unchanged condition, and one death. Six patients experienced a relapse. Conclusions:Isolated hypertrophic pachymeningitis is the most common manifestation of IgG 4-RD, often occurring in the absence of elevated serum IgG 4 levels. Peripheral nerve and brain parenchyma involvement can also be seen. Clinical manifestations are non-specific, and histopathologic biopsy is frequently required for diagnosis. Although the disease responds well to hormone treatment, recurrence is common. Early combined immunosuppressive therapy can improve prognosis.

Lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1),a member of the flavin-dependent amine oxidase fam-ily,is a crucial"eraser"of lysine methylation.It reversibly removes methyl groups from histone H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2,thereby regulating gene expression and chromatin function.Located with-in the nucleus,LSD 1 influences various biological processes in tumors,including proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.Previous studies have demonstrated that LSD1 is significantly overexpressed in gynecolog-ical cancers such as ovarian cancer,cervical cancer,and endometrial cancer,and its overexpression is closely associated with poor patient survival and unfavorable prognosis.Research indicates that LSD1 may promote tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis through the PI3K/AKT and mTOR signaling pathways,while also suppressing tumor cell autophagy and immune surveillance,contributing to immune evasion.In cervical cancer,LSD1 interacts with HPV16 E7,facilitating the epithelial-mesenchymal tran-sition(EMT)process.Furthermore,LSD1 inhibitors have shown promising therapeutic potential in ani-mal studies,particularly in restoring the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to platinum-based chemothera-py.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms,functional targets,and associated signaling path-ways of LSD1 in gynecological cancers,as well as the mechanisms of action of various LSD1 inhibitors,aiming to provide new insights for targeted therapies in gynecological malignancies.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Ying and wei qi is derived from the essence of water and grain， and is the basic material to maintain the normal life activities of the body. Ying and wei qi has the difference of nature of yin and yang or the clear and the turbid. When the relationship between ying and wei qi is out of order and in reverse disorder， it will lead to the occurrence of various diseases. Based on the analysis of the theory of "ying-wei disorder" in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， this paper started from the perspective of the exuberance and debilitation， circulation and function of ying qi and wei qi， focused on the theoretical understanding that the change of deficiency and excess （"fall"） and the change of circulation （"move"）， and refined the core mechanism of "ying-wei disorder"， which is the depletion of ying qi and wei qi， stagnation of ying qi and wei qi， and disharmony of ying qi and wei qi， and finally summarized the syndrome identification and treatment method of supporting ying qi and assisting wei qi， promoting ying qi and moving wei qi， regulating ying qi and wei qi， and constructed the syndrome identification and treatment system for ying-wei disorder of malignant tumor in clinic.

Objective To investigate the effects of raddeanin A(RA)on the proliferation and apoptosis of HCT116 cells and on the β-catenin/c-Myc pathway.Methods Human colon cancer HCT116 cells were divided into four groups:Control group,experimental-L group,experimental-M group and experimental-H group.Experimental-L,experimental-M,experimental-H groups were treated with 5,10 and 20 μmol·L-1raddeanin A,and the control group was given the same amount of normal saline,respectively.The inhibitory effect of RA on the proliferation of HCT116 cells of colon cancer was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method.Cell nucleus morphology change was observed with the fluorescence;the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry;and the expression of related proteins of β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway was detected by western blot.Results After 48 h,the cell inhibitory rates of the control group,experimental-L,experimental-M,experimental-H groups were 0,(19.15±0.65)％,(35.11±0.40)％and(49.93±1.13)％,respectively;the cell apoptosis rates were(0.16±0.18)％,(9.26±0.42)％,(17.87±2.54)％and(38.10±2.70)％,respectively;the protein expression levels of β-catenin were 0.74±0.03,0.69±0.01,0.33±0.02 and 0.16±0.04,respectively;the protein expression levels of c-Myc were 0.89±0.01,0.54±0.03,0.29±0.03 and 0.13±0.04,respectively;the protein expression levels of Cyclin D1 were 0.84±0.04,0.66±0.01,0.48±0.06 and 0.21±0.03,respectively;the expression levels of Cleaved-Caspase3 protein were 0.19±0.03,0.26±0.04,0.45±0.04 and 0.78±0.01,respectively.The above indicators in the experimental-L,experimental-M,experimental-H groups showed statistically significant differences compared to those of control group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion RA can inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 cells and induce apoptosis,which may be related to the inhibition of β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of acetylshikonin on proliferation,invasion and migration of oxaliplatin-resistant human colon cancer HCT116 cells(HCT116/L-OHP).Methods HCT116/L-OHP cells were divided into blank group,control group,experimental-L group,experimental-M group and experimental-H group.The control group was treated with 10 μmol·L-1 oxaliplatin.The experimental-L,experimental-M,experimental-H groups were treated with 1.25,2.50 and 5.00 μmol·L-1 acetylshikin and 10 μmol·L-1 oxaliplatin,respectively.The blank group was given routine culture.The changes of HCT116/L-OHP cell proliferation were detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method;flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis of cells;Transwell assay was used to detect the changes of cell migration and invasion ability;Western blot was used to detect the expressions of P-glycoprotein(P-gp),matrix metallo-proteinases 2(MMP2),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)/and hypoxia induced factor-1 α(HIF-1α)proteins.Results The cell inhibition rates of the blank group,control group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 0,(8.27±0.01)％,(10.53±0.02)％,(34.17±0.01)％and(48.47±0.05)％;cell apoptosis rates were(0.13±0.02)％,(1.37±1.04)％,(9.73±0.87)％,(26.71±4.26)％and(40.75±4.70)％;invading cells were 130.70±9.81,127.10±9.21,71.83±3.57,28.83±1.87 and 19.63±6.11;the number of migration cells was 150.50±10.17,148.40±8.13,94.58±4.09,63.98±5.09 and 31.85±5.50;the relative expression levels of P-gp protein were 0.91±0.01,0.89±0.02,0.75±0.04,0.61±0.07 and 0.25±0.03;the relative expression levels of MMP2 protein were 1.24±0.01,1.22±0.02,0.96±0.01,0.53±0.01 and 0.16±0.02;the relative expression levels of NF-κB-p65 were 1.12±0.12,1.07±0.01,0.78±0.01,0.64±0.02 and 0.31±0.03;the relative expression levels of HIF-1 α were 0.65±0.04,0.52±0.03,0.41±0.02,0.35±0.03 and 0.09±0.01,respectively.The above indicators in the experimental-L,-M,-H groups showed statistically significant differences compared to those of blank group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Acetylshikonin combined with oxaliplatin can significantly inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration of HCT116/L-OHP cells,and induce cell apoptosis,which may be related to the inhibition of P-gp and MMP2 expression and the activation of NF-κB/HIF-1 α signal.