Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Due to the treatment intolerance and side effects, CRC rank the top among various cancers regarding the incidence and mortality rates. Therefore, exploring new therapies is of great significance for the treatment of CRC. Aerobic glycolysis(AEG) plays an important role in the microenvironment formation, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence of CRC and other tumor cells. It has been confirmed that intervening in the AEG pathway can effectively curb CRC. The active ingredients and compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) can effectively inhibit the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance and regulate the apoptosis of tumor cells by modulating AEG-associated transport proteins [eg, glucose transporters(GLUT)], key enzymes [hexokinase(HK) and phosphofructokinase(PFK)], key genes [hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1) and oncogene(c-Myc)], and signaling pathways(MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR). Accordingly, they can treat CRC, reduce the recurrence, and improve the prognosis of CRC. Although AEG plays a key role in the development and progression of CRC, the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this article delves into the intrinsic connection of the targets and mechanisms of the AEG pathway with CRC from the perspective of tumor cell glycolysis and explores how active ingredients(oxymatrine, kaempferol, and dioscin) and compound prescriptions(Quxie Capsules, Jiedu Sangen Decoction, and Xianlian Jiedu Prescription) of TCM treat CRC by intervening in the AEG pathway. Additionally, this article explores the shortcomings in the current research, aiming to provide reliable targets and a theoretical basis for treating CRC with TCM.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of vanillic acid(VA) against cardiac fibrosis(CF) induced by isoproterenol(ISO) in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, VA group(100 mg·kg~(-1), ig), ISO group(10 mg·kg~(-1), sc), ISO + VA group(10 mg·kg~(-1), sc + 100 mg·kg~(-1), ig), ISO + dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1) inhibitor(Mdivi-1) group(10 mg·kg~(-1), sc + 50 mg·kg~(-1), ip), and ISO + VA + Mdivi-1 group(10 mg·kg~(-1), sc + 100 mg·kg~(-1), ig + 50 mg·kg~(-1), ip). The treatment groups received the corresponding medications once daily for 14 consecutive days. On the day after the last administration, cardiac functions were evaluated, and serum and cardiac tissue samples were collected. These samples were analyzed for serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB), cardiac troponin I(cTnI), reactive oxygen species(ROS), interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels, as well as cardiac tissue catalase(CAT), glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), myeloperoxidase(MPO), superoxide dismutase(SOD), total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) activities, and cytochrome C levels in mitochondria and cytoplasm. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, uranium acetate and lead citrate staining were used to observe morphological and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes in the cardiac tissues, and myocardial injury area and collagen volume fraction were calculated. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the relative content and M1/M2 polarization of cardiac macrophages. The mRNA expression levels of macrophage polarization markers [CD86, CD206, arginase 1(Arg-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)], CF markers [type Ⅰ collagen(Coll Ⅰ), Coll Ⅲ, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)], and cytokines(IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α) in cardiac tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of Coll Ⅰ, Coll Ⅲ, α-SMA, Drp1, p-Drp1, voltage-dependent anion channel(VDAC), hexokinase 1(HK1), NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC), caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, gasdermin D(GSDMD), cleaved N-terminal gasdermin D(GSDMD-N), IL-1β, IL-18, B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-xl(Bcl-xl), Bcl-2-associated death promoter(Bad), Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), apoptotic protease activating factor-1(Apaf-1), pro-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-9, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1), and cleaved-PARP-1 in cardiac tissues. The results showed that VA significantly improved cardiac function in mice with CF, reduced myocardial injury area and cardiac index, and decreased serum levels of AST, CK-MB, cTnI, LDH, ROS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α. VA also lowered MDA and MPO levels, mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α, and mRNA and protein expressions of Coll Ⅰ, Coll Ⅲ, and α-SMA in cardiac tissues, and increased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10, cardiac tissue levels of CAT, GSH, SOD, and T-AOC, and mRNA expressions of IL-4 and IL-10. Additionally, VA ameliorated cardiac pathological damage, inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis, inflammatory infiltration, and collagen fiber deposition, reduced collagen volume fraction, and alleviated mitochondrial damage. VA decreased the ratio of F4/80~+CD86~+ M1 cells and the mRNA expressions of CD86 and iNOS in cardiac tissue, and increased the ratio of F4/80~+CD206~+ M2 cells and the mRNA expressions of CD206 and Arg-1. VA also reduced protein expressions of p-Drp1, VDAC, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, IL-18, Bad, Bax, Apaf-1, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-PARP-1, and cytoplasmic cytochrome C, and increased the expressions of HK1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9 proteins, as well as the Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xl/Bad ratios and mitochondrial cytochrome C content. These results indicate that VA has a significant ameliorative effect on ISO-induced CF in mice, alleviates ISO-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response, and its mechanism may be closely related to the inhibition of Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 and mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathways, suppression of myocardial cell inflammatory infiltration and collagen fiber deposition, reduction of collagen volume fraction and CollⅠ, Coll Ⅲ, and α-SMA expressions, thus mitigating CF.
Animals ; Isoproterenol/adverse effects* ; Male ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Vanillic Acid/administration & dosage* ; Dynamins/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Fibrosis/genetics* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics* ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To investigate short-term effectiveness of robot-assisted fracture reduction and fixation combined with arthroscopic exploration for posterolateral depressed tibial plateau fractures. METHODS: Between January 2022 and January 2024, 8 patients with posterolateral depressed tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker type Ⅲ) were treated using robot-assisted fracture reduction and fixation combined with arthroscopic exploration, with simultaneous treatment of concomitant ligament or meniscus tears. There were 3 males and 5 females with an average age of 54.1 years (range, 42-68 years). Injury mechanisms included traffic accidents (3 cases) and falls (5 cases). The time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 4 days (mean, 3.1 days). Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay duration, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, and complications were recorded. Fracture healing and knee Rasmussen scores were assessed radiographically, while knee function was evaluated using range of motion and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores. RESULTS: All operations were successfully completed. The operation time was 108-129 minutes (mean, 120.1 minutes). The intraoperative blood loss was 10-100 mL (mean, 41.3 mL). The hospital stay duration was 4-7 days (mean, 5.6 days). All incisions healed by first intention without complication such as peroneal nerve injury, vascular damage, or infection. All patients were followed up 32-48 weeks (mean, 40 weeks). Radiographic follow-up confirmed that the knee Rasmussen scores rated as excellent in 8 patients and all fractures healed with the healing time of 12-16 weeks (mean, 13.5 weeks). The VAS score for pain was 2-4 (mean, 2.8) at discharge and improved to 0 at 1 month after operation. The knee range of motion was 80°-110° (mean, 96.1°) at discharge and increased to 135°-140° (mean, 137.9°) at 1 month after operation. At 3 months after operation, the HSS score was 91-94 (mean, 92.8), all graded as excellent. No severe complication, including implant failure, occurred during follow-up. CONCLUSION For posterolateral depressed tibial plateau fractures, the minimally invasive approach combining robot-assisted fracture reduction and fixation with arthroscopic exploration demonstrates multiple advantages, including shorter operation time, reduced intraoperative blood loss, excellent wound healing, fewer complications, and rapid recovery of knee function. This technique achieves satisfactory short-term effectiveness, while its long-term effectiveness requires further evaluation.
Humans ; Male ; Tibial Fractures/surgery* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Operative Time ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Fracture Healing ; Length of Stay ; Tibial Plateau Fractures

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations. Observationally, a history of gallstones without cholecystectomy was associated with a high risk of stomach cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.28), liver and bile duct cancer (aOR=2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.16), kidney cancer (aOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.94), and bladder cancer (aOR=2.23, 95% CI 1.01-5.13) in the general population, as well as cervical cancer (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.56) in women. Moreover, cholecystectomy was associated with high odds of stomach cancer (aOR=2.41, 95% CI 1.29-4.49), colorectal cancer (aOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.18-2.85), and cancer of liver and bile duct (aOR=2.58, 95% CI 1.11-6.02). MR analysis only supported the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer. This study added evidence to the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer, highlighting the importance of cancer screening in individuals with gallstones.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Gallstones/complications* ; Female ; Male ; Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Adult ; Neoplasms/etiology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*

Objective : To investigate the effects of sinapine on lung tissue inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthmatic mice. Methods: Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into Control group, ovalbumin(OVA) group, Sinapine group, and Sinapine+OVA group. The asthmatic mice model were established by intraperitoneal injection of OVA combined with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] suspension and OVA nasal stimulation. One hour before OVA nasal stimulation, the mice in Sinapine+OVA group and Sinapine group were intraperitoneally injected with sinapine solution, and the mice in OVA group and Control group were treated with the same dose of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. 24 hours after the last OVA stimulation, the inflammation of lung tissue of mice were observed by HE staining; the mucus secretion were evaluated by PAS staining; the mRNA expression levels of Interleukin-4(IL-4), Interleukin-5(IL-5), Interleukin-13(IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), Mucin 5ac(Muc5ac), and the mRNA of the key genes of Notch pathway such as Notch receptor 1(Notch1), Notch receptor 2(Notch2), Notch receptor 3(Notch3), and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1(Hes1) in lung tissues were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR); the expression levels of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3 and Hes1 proteins were determined by Western blot. Results : Compared with Control group, the inflammation score and PAS score of lung tissues of mice in OVA group increased(P<0.001); the mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, and Muc5ac of mice in OVA group were enhanced(P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch2, Notch3, and Hes1 of mice in OVA group significantly increased(P<0.001), while there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1. Compared with OVA group, the inflammation score and PAS score of lung tissues of mice in Sinapine+OVA group decreased(P<0.001); the mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, and Muc5ac of mice in Sinapine+OVA group were reduced(P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch2, Notch3, and Hes1 of mice in Sinapine+OVA group were downregulated(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1. Conclusion Sinapine can alleviate the lung tissue inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthmatic mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Notch2/Notch3-Hes1 signal pathway.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and application value of indocyanine green(ICG)lymph node tracer in clinical early stage cervical cancer staging surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 31 patients with early clinical stage(ⅠA1-ⅡA1)cervical cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy,pelvic lymph node resection and para-aortic lymph node sampling were selected as the study subjects in Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from April 1,2022 to July 31,2023.They were divided into the ICG fluorescence tracer group(ICG group,17 cases)and the conventional surgery group(control group,14 ca-ses)based on whether ICG was injected or not.The resected lymph nodes were classified and submitted for ex-amination according to location and whether they presented visualization.The method of contingency coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between lymph node visualization patterns and lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics,and the perioperative data of the two groups were compared.Results:①The postoperative stage of 8 patients(25.8％)(4 in each group)were improved compared with the preoperative clini-cal stage.The number of resected lymph nodes in the ICG group was less than that in the control group(18±9 nodes/person vs.26±11 nodes/person,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative FIGO(2018)staging,lymph node metastasis rate,and positive rate of resected lymph nodes between the two groups(P＞0.05).②The visualization rate in the ICG group was 64.71％(11/17).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate between the visualized and non-visualized lymph nodes(P＞0.05).There was a significant correlation between lymph node visualization and lymph node metastasis(C=0.707,P＜0.05),and a significant correlation was found between lymph node visual-ization and lymph node metastasis in the same patient(C=0.557,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The rate of lymph node metastasis in clinical early stage cervical cancer is low.ICG fluorescence visualization can trace lymph nodes and predict the risk of metastasis.By only resecting the visualized lymph nodes under the guidance of ICG tracer,the lymph node metastasis status of early-stage cervical cancer can be fully evaluated,which is worthy of further research.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and application value of indocyanine green(ICG)lymph node tracer in clinical early stage cervical cancer staging surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 31 patients with early clinical stage(ⅠA1-ⅡA1)cervical cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy,pelvic lymph node resection and para-aortic lymph node sampling were selected as the study subjects in Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from April 1,2022 to July 31,2023.They were divided into the ICG fluorescence tracer group(ICG group,17 cases)and the conventional surgery group(control group,14 ca-ses)based on whether ICG was injected or not.The resected lymph nodes were classified and submitted for ex-amination according to location and whether they presented visualization.The method of contingency coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between lymph node visualization patterns and lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics,and the perioperative data of the two groups were compared.Results:①The postoperative stage of 8 patients(25.8％)(4 in each group)were improved compared with the preoperative clini-cal stage.The number of resected lymph nodes in the ICG group was less than that in the control group(18±9 nodes/person vs.26±11 nodes/person,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative FIGO(2018)staging,lymph node metastasis rate,and positive rate of resected lymph nodes between the two groups(P＞0.05).②The visualization rate in the ICG group was 64.71％(11/17).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate between the visualized and non-visualized lymph nodes(P＞0.05).There was a significant correlation between lymph node visualization and lymph node metastasis(C=0.707,P＜0.05),and a significant correlation was found between lymph node visual-ization and lymph node metastasis in the same patient(C=0.557,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The rate of lymph node metastasis in clinical early stage cervical cancer is low.ICG fluorescence visualization can trace lymph nodes and predict the risk of metastasis.By only resecting the visualized lymph nodes under the guidance of ICG tracer,the lymph node metastasis status of early-stage cervical cancer can be fully evaluated,which is worthy of further research.

Objective To analyze the impact of different clinical and rehabilitation characteristics on the prognosis of diabetic foot amputees. Methods Related literatures were searched in CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from establishment to August,2024.The literatures were screened and extracted by two researchers independent-ly,the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)and the evaluation criteria recommended by Agency for Healthcare Re-search and Quality(US)were used for quality evaluation,and literatures with above medium quality were includ-ed,and a systematic review was conducted. Results A total of 17 articles involving 9 239 subjects were included,in which three were Chinese,and 14 were English.The study designs were case-control study,cohort study and cross-sectional study.They mainly came from the fields of rehabilitation medicine,orthopedics,sports medicine and disability studies,and were published between 1998 to 2023.Clinical and rehabilitation characteristics related to the prognosis of diabetic foot amputees includ-ed amputation level,socioeconomic determinants(educational attainment,economic status,social participation,etc.),psychological states(anxiety,depression,etc.)and physiological factors(age,gender,pain,prosthetic limb usage,and ambulatory capacity,etc.).These different characteristics could affect the quality of life of diabetic foot amputees,and even lead to re-amputation or death. Conclusion Factors of amputation level,socioeconomic status,psychological status and physiological status are impor-tant for poor prognosis in diabetic foot amputees.Controlling the above factors can effectively reduce the re-am-putation rate and mortality,and improve the quality of life in diabetic foot amputees,thus improving their progno-sis,and promoting functional rehabilitation.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and application value of indocyanine green(ICG)lymph node tracer in clinical early stage cervical cancer staging surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 31 patients with early clinical stage(ⅠA1-ⅡA1)cervical cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy,pelvic lymph node resection and para-aortic lymph node sampling were selected as the study subjects in Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from April 1,2022 to July 31,2023.They were divided into the ICG fluorescence tracer group(ICG group,17 cases)and the conventional surgery group(control group,14 ca-ses)based on whether ICG was injected or not.The resected lymph nodes were classified and submitted for ex-amination according to location and whether they presented visualization.The method of contingency coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between lymph node visualization patterns and lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics,and the perioperative data of the two groups were compared.Results:①The postoperative stage of 8 patients(25.8％)(4 in each group)were improved compared with the preoperative clini-cal stage.The number of resected lymph nodes in the ICG group was less than that in the control group(18±9 nodes/person vs.26±11 nodes/person,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative FIGO(2018)staging,lymph node metastasis rate,and positive rate of resected lymph nodes between the two groups(P＞0.05).②The visualization rate in the ICG group was 64.71％(11/17).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate between the visualized and non-visualized lymph nodes(P＞0.05).There was a significant correlation between lymph node visualization and lymph node metastasis(C=0.707,P＜0.05),and a significant correlation was found between lymph node visual-ization and lymph node metastasis in the same patient(C=0.557,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The rate of lymph node metastasis in clinical early stage cervical cancer is low.ICG fluorescence visualization can trace lymph nodes and predict the risk of metastasis.By only resecting the visualized lymph nodes under the guidance of ICG tracer,the lymph node metastasis status of early-stage cervical cancer can be fully evaluated,which is worthy of further research.