The welfare and ethics of laboratory animals are the ethical principles and behavioral norms that need to be followed in conducting animal-based scientific research, breeding and managing laboratory animals, and supervising and regulating such activities. The level of protection of laboratory animal welfare and ethics is closely related to the development of science and technology, which has become a widely recognized international consensus. At present, Guangdong Province is accelerating the construction of a high-level science and technology innovation province and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Science and Technology Innovation Center. Guangdong Province should rely on its advanced governance capacity in the field of laboratory animal science and technology ethics to promote the high-quality development of its laboratory animal science and technology sector. Based on the management laws, regulations, and institutional mechanisms of laboratory animals in China, this paper explores the optimization of the laboratory animal science and technology ethics governance system, which includes the institutional guarantees, responsibility systems, ethical review and supervision mechanisms, and education and outreach. Through methods such as literature research, questionnaire surveys, and interview investigations, an empirical study of the laboratory animal science and technology ethics governance system in Guangdong Province has been conducted. Analysis of literature and research results shows that Guangdong Province has basically established a laboratory animal management system, collaboration mechanism, supervision mechanism, and education and training system that meet the current requirements of the laboratory animal science and technology ethics governance system in China. However, there are still problems such as an incomplete laboratory animal science and technology ethics supervision mechanism, an underdeveloped operation mechanism of review institutions, insufficient attention paid by laboratory animal units to the ethical review of animal experiments, inconsistent ethical review standards, and a lack of professional ethical education and training for ethics review personnel. Therefore, optimization measures such as improving the laboratory animal science and technology ethics review system, strengthening supervision and inspection, further strengthening the accountability of responsible entities, formulating review norms, and enhancing hierarchical and classified education and training are proposed, to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the normalized and long-term governance of laboratory animal science and technology ethics in Guangdong Province.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) on the malignant phenotype of gliomas and its role in regulating ferroptosis sensitivity. Materials and Methods: The malignant phenotype of glioma was assessed by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, EdU assay, wound healing, and Transwell experiments. We further validated the impact of reduced SLC3A2 expression on the sensitivity to ferroptosis in glioma cells through Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. Western blot was used to explore how SLC3A2 affects glioma sensitivity to ferroptosis through the AKT/NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. By establishing a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in BALB/c-nude mice, we investigated the growth of tumors following the knockout of SLC3A2 in glioma cells. Results: Downregulation of SLC3A2 suppressed the malignant phenotype of glioma by blocking the cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes. On the other hand, loss of SLC3A2 not only downregulated SLC7A11 but also prevented the activation of the AKT/NRF2/GPX4 axis. These lead to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, ultimately enhancing the susceptibility of glioma to ferroptosis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SLC3A2 is an oncogene in gliomas, promoting their occurrence and development. It plays a critical role in ferroptosis resistance through the AKT/NRF2/GPX4 axis.

ObjectiveINF2 is a member of the formins family. Abnormal expression and regulation of INF2 have been associated with the progression of various tumors, but the expression and role of INF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. HCC is a highly lethal malignant tumor. Given the limitations of traditional treatments, this study explored the expression level, clinical value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC in order to seek new therapeutic targets. MethodsIn this study, we used public databases to analyze the expression of INF2 in pan-cancer and HCC, as well as the impact of INF2 expression levels on HCC prognosis. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of INF2 in liver cancer cells and human HCC tissues. The correlation between INF2 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed using public databases and clinical data of human HCC samples. Subsequently, the effects of INF2 expression on the biological function and Drp1 phosphorylation of liver cancer cells were elucidated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Finally, the predictive value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC were further analyzed through database and immunohistochemical experiments. ResultsINF2 is aberrantly high expression in HCC samples and the high expression of INF2 is correlated with overall survival, liver cirrhosis and pathological differentiation of HCC patients. The expression level of INF2 has certain diagnostic value in predicting the prognosis and pathological differentiation of HCC. In vivo and in vitro HCC models, upregulated expression of INF2 triggers the proliferation and migration of the HCC cell, while knockdown of INF2 could counteract this effect. INF2 in liver cancer cells may affect mitochondrial division by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and mediate immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 expression, thus promoting tumor progression. ConclusionINF2 is highly expressed in HCC and is associated with poor prognosis. High expression of INF2 may promote HCC progression by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression, and targeting INF2 may be beneficial for HCC patients with high expression of INF2.

Objective To reveal the scientific output and trends in pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models. Methods Publications on predictive models of pulmonary nodules/early lung cancer between January 1, 2002 and June 3, 2023 were retrieved and extracted from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science database. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used to analyze the hotspots and theme trends. Results A marked increase in the number of publications related to pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models was observed. A total of 12581 authors from 2711 institutions in 64 countries/regions published 2139 documents in 566 academic journals in English. A total of 282 articles from 1256 authors were published in 176 journals in Chinese. The Chinese and English journals which published the most pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction model-related papers were Journal of Clinical Radiology and Frontiers in Oncology, respectively. Chest was the most frequently cited journal. China and the United States were the leading countries in the field of pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models. The institutions represented by Fudan University had significant academic influence in the field. Analysis of keywords revealed that multi-omics, nomogram, machine learning and artificial intelligence were the current focus of research. Conclusion Over the last two decades, research on risk-prediction models for pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer has attracted increasing attention. Prognosis, machine learning, artificial intelligence, nomogram, and multi-omics technologies are both current hotspots and future trends in this field. In the future, in-depth explorations using different omics should increase the sensitivity and accuracy of pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models. More high-quality future studies should be conducted to validate the efficacy and safety of pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models further and reduce the global burden of lung cancer.

YTHDF2 is a key m6A RNA modification"reader"that plays a crucial role in cell biological processes and tumor development.This review deeply explores the biological role of YTHDF2 and the advances in its application in tumors.The YTHDF2 structures are divided into mRNA procsomes and YTH domains,which recognize and bind m6A modified RNA molecules.It plays a biological role by promoting mRNA degradation,regu-lating cell signaling pathways and metabolism,and can regulate macrophage function and maintain an immunosup-pressive state in the tumor microenvironment.YTHDF2 has the potential to serve as diagnostic markers,therapeu-tic targets and prognostic evaluation biomarkers in different tumors,but currently relevant studies are insufficient in sample size,molecular mechanism and clinical application.In the future,research can be conducted on compre-hensive clinical research,in-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms,and research and development of optimized treatment strategies.

Purpose To analyze and discuss the clinicopathological,molecular pathological characteristics,as well as diagnostic and prognostic features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma(PXA)according to the new WHO classifi-cation.Methods 79 cases of PXA were collected to analyze their pathological and clinical data.Immunohistochemis-try using the EnVision method was employed to detect the expression of CD34,ATRX,Rb,Olig-2,H3K27M,H3K27me3,IDH1 R132H,BRAF VE1 and Ki67.Sanger sequencing was used to detect mutations in H3F3A and IDH1/2.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the BRAF V600E mutation and TERT promoter region al-terations.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to detect CDKN2A and EGFR alterations.The relation-ship between clinical,pathological,molecular genetics data,and prognosis was analyzed.Results The patients'ages ranged from 9 to 69 years,with an average age of 36.4 years.Most tumors were located in the temporal lobe,frontal lobe and parietal lobe.Among the 79 cases,42 were classified as grade 2 PXA and 37 as grade 3 PXA.The tumor cells exhibited pleomorphic changes,with perivascular lymphocytic sheaths and eosinophilic bodies frequently ob-served.Grade 3 PXA exhibited more mitotic figures(average of 11.8/10 HPF),and was usually accompanied by nec-rosis,focal marginal infiltration and microvascular proliferation.Immunohistochemistry and molecular characteristics revealed frequent positivity for CD34,BRAF V600E mutation(68.1％),and CDKN2A homozygous deletion(36.8％)in PXA.Some cases showed TERT gene mutation and absent Rb expression.Univariate survival analysis in-dicated that necrosis,focal marginal infiltration,and CNS WHO grade were related to overall survival,while focal infil-tration and CNS WHO grade were the independent risk factors.Conclusion The prognosis of CNS WHO grade 3 PXA is wrose than that of grade 2 PXA.Accurate diagnosis of PXA requires the combination of the morphological features,immunohistochemical staining,and multiple molecular tests.

Objective:It explored the effects of local financial input on the efficiency of health resource allocation in China,and analyzed its nonlinear relationship,so as to provide a basis for health policy formulation.Methods:Based on the data of 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions from 2010 to 2022,the super-efficiency SBM model was used to measure the allocation efficiency of health resources,and its distribution dynamics were analyzed in combination with kernel density estimation.The threshold regression model was used to evaluate the impact of different financial input levels on the efficiency.Results:Local financial input has significant threshold effect on health resource allocation efficiency.Kernel density estimation shows that with the increase of input,the efficiency distribution tends to be concentrated,the high efficiency region increases,and the low efficiency region decreases.Threshold regression results show that when the financial input exceeds the key threshold of 7.1%,the positive impact is significantly enhanced.Conclusion:Raising the key threshold of financial input can significantly improve the efficiency of health resource allocation.Policymakers should take regional differences into account,formulate differentiated strategies,strengthen implementation and supervision,ensure the effective use of funds,so as optimize health resource allocation.

Objective:To explore the correlation between levels of serum cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRBP), cystatin C(CysC) and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD), as well as the diagnostic value of CI in CSVD.Methods:A total of 90 CSVD patients admitted to the Neurology Department of Zhengzhou People's Hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were consecutively selected. According to the mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA), they were divided into non cognitive impairment group(NCI group, n=47) and cognitive impairment group(CI group, n=43). The general clinical data of patients were collected.Fasting venous blood was collected in the morning on the second day of admission to measure serum CIRBP, CysC, homocysteine(Hcy) and high-sentivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) levels.A multiple-factor Logistic regression model was applied to identify independent risk factors for CI in CSVD patients, the predictive performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves, and the area under the curve(AUC) value was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the model. Results:The levels of Hcy((13.01±4.22)μmol/L vs (11.44±3.00)μmol/L), hs-CRP((2.84±3.01)mmol/L vs (1.81±1.32)mmol/L), CIRBP((2 412.40±967.78)pg/mL vs (1 715.13±971.98)pg/mL), and CysC((1.93±1.08)mg/L vs (1.24±0.87)mg/L) in the CI group were significantly higher than those in the NCI group(all P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that both CIRBP( OR=1.001, 95% CI=>1.000-1.002, P=0.011) and CysC( OR=1.833, 95% CI=1.056-3.181, P=0.031) were independently influencing factors of the occurrence of CI in CSVD patients(all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff values for serum CIRBP and CysC levels to evaluate CI were 1 875.50 pg/mL and 1.42 mg/L, respectively. The AUC (95% CI) were 0.805(95% CI=0.713-0.897, P<0.001) and 0.716(95% CI=0.607-0.825, P<0.001), respectively.The AUC(95% CI) of combined detection of CIRBP+ CysC was 0.820(95% CI=0.733-0.907, P<0.001), with specificity and sensitivity of 89.4% and 67.4%. Conclusion:The serum CIRBP and CysC levels can serve as independent predictors of CI in CSVD patients. Combined testing can improve the accuracy of patient condition assessment and may assist in the diagnosis and prediction of cognitive impairment in CSVD.

YTHDF2 is a key m6A RNA modification"reader"that plays a crucial role in cell biological processes and tumor development.This review deeply explores the biological role of YTHDF2 and the advances in its application in tumors.The YTHDF2 structures are divided into mRNA procsomes and YTH domains,which recognize and bind m6A modified RNA molecules.It plays a biological role by promoting mRNA degradation,regu-lating cell signaling pathways and metabolism,and can regulate macrophage function and maintain an immunosup-pressive state in the tumor microenvironment.YTHDF2 has the potential to serve as diagnostic markers,therapeu-tic targets and prognostic evaluation biomarkers in different tumors,but currently relevant studies are insufficient in sample size,molecular mechanism and clinical application.In the future,research can be conducted on compre-hensive clinical research,in-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms,and research and development of optimized treatment strategies.

With the increasing use of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in older COVID-19 patients, adverse drug reactions due to drug-drug interactions have become more frequent. This report describes a patient who experienced severe bradycardia and hypotension following the concurrent use of heart rate-control medications and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir during an active COVID-19 infection. This suggests that clinicians should be cautious when dealing with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and try their best to avoid serious adverse reactions.