Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops within a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which limits the efficacy of immunotherapy. Polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward a pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype is a major driver of immune escape. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death program, intersects with hepatic iron metabolism and immune regulation and thus offers promising points of therapeutic intervention. This review systematically elucidates the mechanistic role of TAM ferroptosis in HCC immune evasion and highlights a “bidirectional regulation” intervention strategy grounded in the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “fortifying healthy qi and eliminating pathogens” (Fuzheng Quxie). This strategy employs “eliminating pathogens” (Quxie) approaches to exploit the metabolic vulnerability of M2-like TAMs and precisely induce their ferroptosis. Moreover, it utilizes “fortifying healthy qi” (Fuzheng) approaches to protect M1-like TAMs and CD8⁺ T cells from oxidative damage. This parallel “induction-protection” paradigm demonstrates the unique advantages of TCM in systemically remodeling TIME through multitarget synergistic actions. Accordingly, precision regulation of TAM ferroptosis based on the Fuzheng Quxie theory represents a promising integrative Chinese-Western medicine strategy for overcoming current bottlenecks in HCC immunotherapy, although its clinical translational potential warrants further validation.

The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

BACKGROUND:At present,research has only shown that the cervical lordosis ratio can be an important factor in predicting the loss of lordosis curvature after laminoplasty,and no one has studied whether the cervical lordosis ratio,a dynamic level indicator,can be one of the decision-making factors for the selection of posterior cervical surgical procedures. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the cervical lordosis ratio,an index of cervical hyperextension and hyperflexion,can be used as a selective index for laminoplasty and laminectomy fusion. METHODS:A retrospective review of 141 patients who had undergone posterior cervical surgery more than one year of follow-up due to multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy from December 2015 to March 2020 was performed.Among them,63 patients received laminectomy and fusion(laminectomy and fusion group)and 78 patients received laminoplasty(laminoplasty group).The demographic statistics(gender,age,body mass index,follow-up time),imaging indexes such as C2-7 Cobb angle,C2-7 range of motion,flexion Cobb angle,extension Cobb angle,flexion range of motion and extension range of motion,clinical effect indexes such as Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and visual analog scale score were compared between the two groups.The evaluation index of cervical lordosis alignment change was C2-7 Cobb angle difference before and after operation(ΔCL).Cervical lordosis ratio was equal to 100%×flexion range of motion/C2-7 range of motion.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the role of cervical lordosis ratio in predicting postoperative severe cervical lordosis loss(ΔCL≤-10°).According to the critical value of cervical lordosis ratio(68.5%),all patients were divided into low cervical lordosis ratio group and high cervical lordosis ratio group.In these two ratio groups,the cervical lordosis alignment index and clinical effect index between the two operation groups were discussed again. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Cervical lordosis alignment decreased after laminectomy and fusion and laminoplasty(P=0.039,P=0.002),and cervical lordosis alignment change in laminoplasty group(ΔCL)was greater than that of laminectomy and fusion group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant.(2)Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,cervical lordosis ratio in predicting severe cervical lordosis alignment change(ΔCL≤-10°)had good identification ability(area under the curve=0.792).(3)In low cervical lordosis ratio group,there was no significant difference in cervical lordosis alignment change(ΔCL)between laminectomy and fusion group and laminoplasty group(P=0.141).(4)In high cervical lordosis ratio group,the ΔCL of laminoplasty group was greater than that in laminectomy and fusion group(P=0.001),which had a higher probability of postoperative severe cervical lordosis alignment change(ΔCL≤-10°)(43%,29%).(5)It is indicated that cervical lordosis ratio can be used as a decision-making index for the choice of posterior surgery for multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Laminoplasty can be considered in the low cervical lordosis ratio group,while laminectomy and fusion can be considered in the high cervical lordosis ratio group.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents the leading viral pathogen causing acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years worldwide. Preterm infants, due to their immature immune systems and pulmonary development, along with frequent comorbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, constitute a high-risk population for RSV infections. Globally, RSV infections in preterm infants impose substantial burdens across clinical, economic, and long-term health dimensions. Current prevention and treatment options remain limited, primarily relying on supportive care as no specific antiviral drugs are available, while preventive strategies encompass general measures and specific interventions including monoclonal antibodies and RSV vaccines. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding RSV susceptibility, disease burden, and prevention strategies in preterm infants, aiming to enhance awareness and provide references for managing RSV infections in this vulnerable population.

Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent disease in women of childbearing age,often leading to chronic pelvic pain,infertility,ovarian cancer,and other serious complications,and jeopardizing the health of women.The pathogenesis of endometriosis is complex and involves the alteration of multiple signaling pathways mediated by hormones,immunity,genetics,and the environment,and their interactions.Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis,and it has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via multiple pathways.This review considers the biological characteristics of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and summarizes the main mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis,as well as the curr-ent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of endometriosis.We aim to clarify how the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects the development of endometriosis,and suggest that future studies should focus on exploring its potential role as an indicator for the clinical prediction and early diagnosis of endometriosis,thus providing theoretical support for the early diagnosis of this condition and the development of targeted drugs.

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection is a major respiratory disease threatening the health of infants and immuno-compromised populations worldwide,with no specific therapeutic drugs available.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown unique advantages of multi-target and multi-pathway in the prevention and treatment of RSV infection,and its mechanism is closely re-lated to the regulation of cellular signaling pathways.This article systematically reviews the research progress of TCM including mono-mer components and compound prescriptions in intervening RSV infection through nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1(Nrf2/HO-1)and other signaling pathways.Current re-search still has problems such as insufficient analysis of pathway synergy mechanisms,unclear material basis of compounds,and single technical means.Future studies should focus on cross-talk of multiple pathways,identification of active component groups of TCM,and research on"syndrome-type-pathway"association,combined with cutting-edge technologies such as network pharmacology and or-ganoid models,so as to provide a scientific basis for the mechanism and clinical transformation of TCM against RSV infection.

Objective:To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture stimulation on the expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 proteins in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)and its neuroprotective mechanism.Methods:Forty-eight rats were divided into the normal group(Normal),the sham operation control group(Sham),the model group(MCAO)and the electroacupuncture group(EA)according to the random number table method.The right middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established in the MCAO and EA groups by the modified thread embolization method.Starting on day 1 post-modeling,the EA group received electroacupuncture stimulation at the"Baihui"point(GV20)and left"Neiguan"point(PC6)for 30 min daily over 14 d.The Normal group received no treatment,and the Sham group only underwent vascular isolation without inserting the suture.Neurological function of rats in each group were scored before and after modeling and before and after electroacupuncture stimulation using the Zea Longa scoring scale.The structure and arrangement of Nissl-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed by Nissl staining.Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the expression levels of Nrf2 and GPX4 proteins in the hippocampal CA1 region.Results:Compared with the Normal group,the Sham group showed no neurological deficits,abundant Nissl-positive cells,and no statistically significant differences in Nrf2 and GPX4 protein expression or positive cell counts.Compared with the Sham group,the MCAO group exhibited elevated Zea Longa score,reduced Nissl-positive cell counts,and decreased Nrf2 and GPX4 protein expression and positive cell counts(P＜0.05).In contrast,the EA group demonstrated lower Zea Longa scores,increased Nissl-positive cell counts,and elevated Nrf2 and GPX4 protein expression and positive cell counts compared to the MCAO group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture stimulation may protect against neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region of MCAO rats,potentially through up-regulation of Nrf2 and GPX4 expression.

The blue fluorescent carbon dots(TMCDs)and cyan fluorescent carbon dots(TMCDs-H2O)were synthesized fromm-phenylenediamine and tricarballylic acid through air-assisted melting polymerization and one-step hydrothermal method,respectively.Air purging could effectively inhibit the side reactions and reduce the derivative structures in the carbon dots product.The structure and morphology of these two materials were systematically characterized using liquid nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),mass spectrometry(MS),and transmission electron microscopy.Compared to TMCDs-H2O((3.12±0.63)nm),TMCDs showed a smaller average particle size(approximately(1.85±0.02)nm).The NMR and MS analysis revealed that although the main structure of both types of carbon dots was similar,TMCDs exhibited a simpler structure with higher degree of polymerization.These results suggested that supramolecular interactions might introduce numerous small molecule derivatives into TMCDs-H2O particles,resulting in lower polymerization degree,multiple substructures,and larger particle size characteristics for this material.When employed as chemical sensors for metal ion detection,in the linear range of 1×10-5-5×10-4 mol/L,the detection limits of Fe3+by TMCDs and TMCDs-H2O were 3.3×10-6 mol/L and 3.8×10-6 mol/L,respectively.The experimental results demonstrated that the recoveries of CDs and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES)were similarity,whereas TMCDs displayed a considerable relative standard deviation.This study demonstrated that endogenously derived structures in CDs could enhance the performance of metal ion sensing.

Objective:To investigate the association between blood selenium levels and sex hormones in Chinese men aged 18-79 years.Methods:Data were derived from the China National Human Biomonitoring survey conducted in 2017-2018, with a final sample size of 5 414 men. General demographic characteristics, behavioral habits, and dietary frequency were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure blood lead, serum testosterone, and estradiol levels. Complex sampling linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between blood selenium levels and testosterone, estradiol, and the testosterone/estradiol ratio, adjusting for confounding factors including age, education level, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, seafood intake, soy product intake, protein supplement intake, BMI, and diabetes status.Results:The mean age of the 5 414 participants was (46.85±27.91) years; 4 774 (91.65%) were of Han ethnicity and 4 505 (86.68%) were married. The median ( Q1, Q3) blood selenium concentration in men was 97.80 (80.64, 116.99) μg/L. After adjusting for confounding factors, the complex sampling linear regression model revealed negative associations between blood selenium levels and both testosterone levels and the testosterone/estradiol ratio, with a significant linear trend ( Ptrend<0.05). Compared with the Q1 group, the β (95% CI) values for testosterone in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were -0.02 (-0.06 to 0.02), -0.03 (-0.08 to 0.01), and -0.06 (-0.09 to -0.02), respectively. Similarly, the β (95% CI) values for the testosterone/estradiol ratio in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were -0.01 (-0.03 to 0.02), -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.04), and -0.03 (-0.06 to -0.01), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated stronger associations between blood selenium levels and testosterone/estradiol levels in non-smoking and obese men (BMI≥28 kg/m2). Conclusion:Blood selenium levels are negatively associated with testosterone levels and the testosterone/estradiol ratio in Chinese adult males.

Humanistic caring for patients in the operating room refers to providing the whole process of caring medical services for patients in the operating room. In order to standardize humanistic caring services for patients in the operating room of medical institutions, improve the comprehensive service level of the operating room, and enhance the surgical experience of patients, the Chinese Association for Life Care released the group standard " Humanistic Caring Management Standards for Patients in the Operating Room" in December 2023. This article interpreted the basic requirements for humanistic caring of patients in the operating room, the environment and facilities for humanistic caring, the procedures and measures for humanistic caring, and the quality management framework, aiming to assist administrators and clinical practitioners across various levels of medical institutions in accurately understanding and effectively implementing the standard, and to provide essential textual reference and practical guidance for promoting the application of the standard.