We reported the discovery of six novel coumarins, toddasirins A-F (1-6), each endowed with modified isoprenyl or geranyl side chains, derived from the roots of Toddalia asiatica. Comprehensive structural elucidation was achieved through multispectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and advanced quantum mechanical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was assessed. Notably, compounds 1-3 and 6 demonstrated notable inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 3.22, 4.78, 8.90, and 4.31 μmol·L^-1, respectively.
Mice ; Animals ; Coumarins/chemistry* ; Rutaceae/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Nitric Oxide ; Molecular Structure

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest. During CPR, both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection. The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients. Main recommendations: 1) A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs. 2) Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended, since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest. 3) Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). 4) Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19. 5) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended. 6) Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early. 7) CPR should be provided for 20-30 min. 8) Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members, ethics, transmission risks, and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control. Changes in management: The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed: 1) Healthcare workers should wear PPE. 2) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols. 3) Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered. 4) Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.

Objective To investigate the effect of asymptomatic hyperuricemia after renal transplantation on renal function of the grafts.Methods The follow-up data were retrospectively collected and analyzed in 144 patients with renal transplantation from January 2010 to March 2015.The patients were classified into three groups according to the level of serum uric acid (SUA):group A (normal group),group B (asymptomatic hyperuricernia with average SUA less than or equal to 360 μmol/L after treatment),and group C (asymptomatic hyperuricemia with average SUA greater than 360μmol/L after treatment).The renal function indexes such as serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared among three groups from 12 to 48 months after transplantation.Results The SCr and eGFR showed no significant difference between group A and group B at 12th month (P＞0.05),but ther are superior than Group Ⅲ (P＜0.05).Conclusion After renal transplantation,asymptomatic hyperuricemia can lead to impaired renal function,and there are no significant differences in renal function between renal transplant recipients with normal SUA levels after treatment and those without hyperuricemia.

Objective To study the protective effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)activation by curcumin against lead-induced toxicity and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and its impact on expression of apoptosis-related proteins.Methods After the cells were treated with 0,0.5,1,5,or 10 μmol/L curcumin for 24 hours,nucleoprotein was extracted and electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to measure Nrf2-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) binding capacity.The optimal concentration of curcumin was figured out for treating cells.After pretreatment with 5 μmol/L curcumin for 24 hours,cells were exposed to lead acetate at different concentrations (0,5,25,and 125 μmol/L for control,low-dose,mediumdose,and high-dose groups).The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay,flow cytometry,and Western blot were used to evaluate cell viability,apoptosis,and expression of apoptosisrelated proteins,respectively.Results Curcumin of 5 μmol/L caused significantly increased cell viability in low-,medium-,and high-dose groups exposed to lead acetate for 12 hours(98.42％±1.12％ vs 92.92％±0.14％,P＜0.05;95.30％±1.17％ vs 91.15％±0.67％,P＜0.05;94.50％±1.45％ vs 85.98％±0.45％,P＜0.05).Curcumin of 5 μmol/L also caused significantly increased cell viability in medium-and high-dose groups exposed to lead acetate for 24 hours (93.10％±1.63％ vs 88.40％±4.13％,P＜0.05;90.13％±2.03％ vs 83.63％±3.42％,P＜0.05).The high-dose group had a significantly higher apoptotic rate than the control group 6.17％ ±1.31％ vs 3.30％±0.53％,P＜0.05).Curcumin of 5.0 μmol/L significantly reduced the apoptotic rate in the high-dose group (2.97％±0.15％ vs 6.17％±1.31％,P＜0.05).Exposure to lead acetate elevated the expression of Bax,cytochrome C,and caspase-3 and reduced Bcl-2 expression.Curcumin of 5.0 μmol/L significantly reduced the expression of Bax,cytochrome C,and caspase-3 in the high-dose group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Nrf2 activation by curcumin has a protective effect against lead-induced toxicity and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.The protective effect of Nrf2 against apoptosis may be associated with the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins.

Objective To study the protective effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)activation by curcumin against lead-induced toxicity and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and its impact on expression of apoptosis-related proteins.Methods After the cells were treated with 0,0.5,1,5,or 10 μmol/L curcumin for 24 hours,nucleoprotein was extracted and electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to measure Nrf2-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) binding capacity.The optimal concentration of curcumin was figured out for treating cells.After pretreatment with 5 μmol/L curcumin for 24 hours,cells were exposed to lead acetate at different concentrations (0,5,25,and 125 μmol/L for control,low-dose,mediumdose,and high-dose groups).The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay,flow cytometry,and Western blot were used to evaluate cell viability,apoptosis,and expression of apoptosisrelated proteins,respectively.Results Curcumin of 5 μmol/L caused significantly increased cell viability in low-,medium-,and high-dose groups exposed to lead acetate for 12 hours(98.42％±1.12％ vs 92.92％±0.14％,P＜0.05;95.30％±1.17％ vs 91.15％±0.67％,P＜0.05;94.50％±1.45％ vs 85.98％±0.45％,P＜0.05).Curcumin of 5 μmol/L also caused significantly increased cell viability in medium-and high-dose groups exposed to lead acetate for 24 hours (93.10％±1.63％ vs 88.40％±4.13％,P＜0.05;90.13％±2.03％ vs 83.63％±3.42％,P＜0.05).The high-dose group had a significantly higher apoptotic rate than the control group 6.17％ ±1.31％ vs 3.30％±0.53％,P＜0.05).Curcumin of 5.0 μmol/L significantly reduced the apoptotic rate in the high-dose group (2.97％±0.15％ vs 6.17％±1.31％,P＜0.05).Exposure to lead acetate elevated the expression of Bax,cytochrome C,and caspase-3 and reduced Bcl-2 expression.Curcumin of 5.0 μmol/L significantly reduced the expression of Bax,cytochrome C,and caspase-3 in the high-dose group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Nrf2 activation by curcumin has a protective effect against lead-induced toxicity and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.The protective effect of Nrf2 against apoptosis may be associated with the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins.

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Sapium sebiferum leaves were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, including column chromatographies over silica gel, macroporous adsorption resin, and Sephadex LH-20, as well as preparative TLC and semi preparative HPLC. As a results, 15 compounds were separated from Sapium sebiferum leaves and their structures were examined by spectral analysis including NMR and MS data and identified as( + )-(7R,7'R,7"S,7'"S,8S,8'S,8"S,8'"S)-4", 4"'-dihydroxy-3,3',3",3',5,5'-hexamethoxy-7,9';7',9-diepoxy-4,8";4',8'"-bisoxy-8,8'-dineo-lignan-7",7"',9",9"'-tetraol(1) ,1-(4'- hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4"-(3-hydroxypropyl) -2", 6"-dimethoxyphenoxy] propane-1, 3-diol (2), Thero-2, 3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol(3) , threo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyphenyl propane-8,9-diol (4), boropinol B (5), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(6), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(7), 5-( methoxy-methyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (8), quercetin (9) , kaempferol (10), ethyl gallate(11), coniferaldehyde(12), vanillin(13), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-henzopyran-2-one(14),and 1-heptacosanol (15). All compounds except for compounds 9-11,14 were separated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Sapium ; chemistry

Objective To investigate new type cytokine induced killer cells expansion using advanced breast cancer′s peripheral blood .Methods peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 8 advanced breast cancer volunteers and co -cultured with Cytokine induced killer cells .These cells were placed in plastic flasks containing CIK-MediumTM supplemented with 10% auto-plasma in the presence of IL -2 ( 1 000 IU/mL) .The cultures were fed with CIK-MediumTM supplemented with IL -2 following the proliferation capacity . Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting during the cultivation .Fourteen days after cultivation ,cell mark-ers CD3/CD16/CD56 were examined by flow cytometry .51Cr and MTT assays were employed in cytotoxicity as-says.Cytokines were assayed by ELISA method .Results CD16+,CD16+CD56+,CD56+CIK cells were 5.8~11.6%in 2 ×107 fresh PBMCs and 95.2~97.6%in co-cultured cells after 18 days cultivation .The in vitro ex-pansion rate of new type cytokine induced killer cells was up to more than 8.2 ×108 in total,the cytotoxicity are ef-fective killing cells against MCF 7 and BT20 breast cancer cell lines .New type cytokine induced killer cells expand-ed from all PBMCs and secreted cytokines IFN -and TNF-.Conclusion The present culture could be useful to clarify the mechanisms of CIK cells expansion in vitro and feasible for breast cancer immmuno cell therapy .

Objective To investigate the application effect of FMEA(failure mode and effect analysis) in prevention of aspiration after stroke.Methods From October 2011 to April 2012 48 stroke patients in our department without implementation of the FMEA management mode were set as the control group.From May 2012 to November 2012,another 48 cases were set as the observation group,in addition to the routine neurological nursing care,we also used FMEA to find forward-looking reason of the failure mode of aspiration and operation process analysis,evaluation,calculation and identify the risk factors of aspiration in patients with cerebral apoplexy and high-risk operation steps,prevention priority action plan and improvement measures.The incidence of aspiration,RPN value of six high risk factors,and satisfaction degree and mastering degree of aspiration related knowledge by patients and their families were compared.Results In the observation group,the crisis values of 6 high risk factors was significantly lower than those of the control group.Significant differences existed in satisfaction degree and mastering degree of aspiration related knowledge by patients and their families as well as hospitalization time.There was no aspiration cases during hospitalization in the observation group while 3 aspiration cases in the control group.Conclusions Application of FMEA to evaluate patients with swallowing disorder after stroke,analyzing and taking relevant measures can effectively prevent risks,reduce the occurrence of aspiration,improve the quality of nursing and promote patients' recovery.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; epidemiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To survey the stressors and pressure level of international tract nursing college students at campus to explore the methods for releasing stress, so as to promote their physical and mental health.Methods Stressors and pressure level on 714 international tract nursing students and 724 general nursing had lower learning efficiency, higher examination pressure and competition among students reached high pressure learning annoyance (P＜0.01), personal annoyance and total pressure (P＜0.05), but had lower negative life the first-year international tract nursing students were significantly higher than those of the second-year international tract nursing students (P＜0.01). Conclusions The results suggest that the stressors on international tract nursing students is mainly from learning annoyance, thus the methods to ease the pressure,such as psychological support, establishment of practical learning objectives, and their adjustment to the new environment for freshmen, are expected to be adopted.