Monotropein is a compound classified into iridoid which is found in herbaceous plants Morindae officinalis. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-osteoarthritic activities. Previous study indicates that monotropein may have the potential to combat cardiovascular disease, although the related mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed the model of atherosclerosis by oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced vascular smooth muscle cells and LDLR –/–mice given high-fat diet to investigate the effects of monotropein on atherosclerosis.Our results showed that monotropein treatment significantly reduced the area of atherosclerotic plaques and necrotic cores in mice, inhibited the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, and reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, which in turn alleviated atherosclerosis. In addition, we found that monotropein reduced the expression levels of P-NF-κB and P-AP-1. In conclusion, our data suggest that monotropein inhibited the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by mediating the activity of NF-κB, AP-1, reducing the level of inflammation and oxidative stress, and thus resisting the development of atherosclerosis. These findings demonstrate the efficacious therapeutic impact of monotropein on atherosclerosis and elucidate its specific target.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Jiaxing City from 2004 to 2023 and spatio-temporal clustering characteristics from 2022 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of pertussis control measures. Methods: Data of pertussis cases in Jiaxing City from 2004 to 2023 were collected through the Infectious Disease Report Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological characteristics of pertussis cases in Jiaxing City from 2004 to 2023 were descriptively analyzed, and the spatio-temporal clustering characteristics from 2022 to 2023 were analyzed using spatio-temporal scanning. Results: A total of 478 pertussis cases were reported in Jiaxing City from 2004 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.53/105. The reported incidence showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2023 (P<0.05), with the highest in 2022 (3.17/105). Higher incidence of pertussis was reported in June to August (149 cases, 31.17%) and November to December (112 cases, 23.43%). There was no statistically significant difference in the reported incidence between males and females (0.56/105 vs. 0.50/105, P>0.05). The cases aged under one year accounted for the highest proportion, with 199 cases (41.63%). Haining City (0.68/105), Jiashan County (0.64/105) and Tongxiang City (0.60/105) ranked the top three in the reported incidence of pertussis. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis showed that from 2022 to 2023, the primary clustering area of pertussis was centered in Daqiao Town of Nanhu District, covering 27 towns (streets) in Nanhu District, Jiashan County, Xiuzhou District and Pinghu City, and the clustering time was from November to December, 2023. Conclusions The reported incidence of pertussis was at a low level in Jiaxing City, but showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2023. The incidence of pertussis was higher among infants under one year of age, peaked in June to August and November to December, and was concentrated in Nanhu District and its surrounding areas.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of amplification intervention with hearing aids for restoring binaural auditory function in patients with unilateral moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. Methods:This study selected 30 patients with normal hearing in one ear and moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss in the other ear. They were fitted with hearing aids for the worse ear and underwent more than half a year and one year of adaptation training. The Chinese translation of the Twelve-item version of SSQ（C-SSQ12）, angle identification test, speech recognition score（SRS） at different signal-to-noise ratios（SNR=5 and SNR=10） and audiometric thresholds were used to compare the results before and after hearing aid use to evaluate the effectiveness of the unilateral hearing loss intervention. Results:The results of the audiometric thresholds, C-SSQ12 scores, angle identification test, and SRS at SNR=5 and SNR=10 in the worse ear of the unilateral hearing loss patients after hearing aid use were all statistically significant compared to before hearing aid use（P<0.01）. Conclusion:Amplification intervention with hearing aids has significant effects on restoring binaural auditory function in patients with unilateral moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss.
Humans ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing Loss, Unilateral/therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/rehabilitation* ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; Auditory Threshold ; Young Adult ; Aged

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Objective To compare the recovery rate of frozen platelets prepared by pooled buffy coats(PBCs)under different standing time points,so as to improve the preparation method of platelets.Methods The whole blood(400 ml)were collected from 50 blood donators,and was equally divided into 1-hour group(standing time of buffy coat pooled platelet for 1 h,n=50)and 24-hour group(standing time of buffy coat pooled platelet for 24 h,n=50).The concentrated platelets were stored at-80℃.The recovery rate and morphology of the platelet were compared between the two groups one month later.Results The platelet count and recovery rate of the frozen platelet in the 24-hour group were higher than those in the 1-hour group([2.45±0.13]×109 vs.[2.32±0.10]×109,83.55%±5.42%vs.79.32%±5.75%,both P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average platelet volume,platelet distribution width,pH,P-selectin,or residual red blood cells between the two groups.Conclusion Residual red blood cells and platelet count from PBCs under different standing time points meet the national quality standards.The buffy coat pooled platelet count and recovery rate of 24-hour standing are higher than those of 1-hour standing.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of platelet transfusion refractoriness(PTR)in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)and its influence on the prognosis of the patients.Methods A total of 104 patients who underwent HSCT in The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from February 2018 to February 2021 were enrolled and assigned to PTR group(n=36)or non-PTR group(n=68).The clinical data of the two groups were collected to investigate PTR-related factors in HSCT patients.The patients were followed up for 3 years after transplantation,and the survival and the influence of PTR on the prognosis were analyzed.Results The proportions of no platelet antibody matching,blood transfusion≥6 times,high fever,splenomegaly,infection,and skin and mucous membrane bleeding in the PTR group were significantly higher than those in the non-PTR group(P<0.05).The platelet count on admission in the PTR group was significantly lower than that in the non-PTR group(P<0.05).No platelet antibody matching(β=-0.837),blood transfusion≥6 times(β=0.905),high fever(β=0.516),splenomegaly(β=0.773),and infection(β=0.695)were independent risk factors of PTR in HSCT patients(P<0.05).The rates of overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)in the PTR group were significantly lower than those in the non-PTR group(P<0.05).After multivariate adjustment,PTR was associated with poorer OS(HR=2.764,95%CI:1.267-6.643)and RFS(HR=2.139,95%CI:1.046-5.114).Conclusion The occurrence of PTR in HSCT patients is related to platelet antibody matching,blood transfusion frequency,high fever,splenomegaly,and infection.PTR can affect the prognosis of HSCT patients,and shorten the OS and RFS.

Objective To compare the filtration effects of different models of leukocyte filters on erythrocyte suspensions,so as to provide a reference for the selection of leukocyte filters in clinic.Methods The erythrocyte suspensions prepared by Department of Blood Transfusion of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were used for filtration.The test was categorized into three groups based on the model of leukocyte filters,namely,AKTT-type(group Ⅰ),STTB-type(group Ⅱ),and STTA-type(groupⅢ).Each group was randomly assigned 8 bags of erythrocyte suspensions(specification 2U)with hematocrit≤55%and 10 bags of erythrocyte suspensions(specification 2U)with hematocrit>55%,and leukapheresis was applied.The quality indexes of the blood were detected before and after filtration,and the experimental data were comprehensively analyzed to evaluate the leukocyte filtration effect of various filters.Results When the hematocrit of the filtered erythrocyte suspensions was≤55%,there were significant differences in the platelet count after filtration(F=49.94,P<0.001)and filtration time(F=73.45,P<0.001)between groups,and the two indexes in group Ⅰ were superior to those in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ.When the hematocrit of the filtered erythrocyte suspensions was>55%,there were significant differences in the platelet count after filtration(F=160.69,P<0.000 1),filtration time(F=366.09,P<0.000 1),residual leukocytes(F=4.28,P<0.05),and hemolytic rate(F=8.16,P<0.01)between groups.The platelet count after filtration and filtration time in group I were superior to those in group II and III.The indexes of residual leukocyte and hemolytic rate in groups I and II were superior to those in group III.Conclusion In order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of erythrocyte suspension transfusion,AKTT-type filter can be chosen to perform leukocyte filtration,which can further lower the blood transfusion complications.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of fungal infections in patients of intensive care unit(ICU)of a tertiary general hospital from 2020 to 2024 and explore the prognosis of the ICU patients with fungal sepsis and the influencing factors so as to provide guidance for optimization of prevention,control and treat-ment strategies for the fungal infections.METHODS The data with regard to the isolation of 1131 strains of non-repetitive fungi from ICU patients were retrospectively collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between 2020 and 2024.The sources of specimens and mortality rates of patients with different types of fungal infections were observed.The treatment outcomes of the patients with the infections of different sources of specimens were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test.The risk factors for death were screened out through univariate analysis.RESULTS The respiratory tract specimens were the main source where the strains were isolated,accounting for 56.68％;Candida albicans was the absolute predominance,accounting for 73.47％.The mortality rate of the patients with Candida parapsilosis infection reached up to 29.17％.The mortality rate of the patients with blood infections was the highest(33.82％,P＜0.001),and the patients with the source of blood infections had the poorest prognosis(P=0.019).The echinocandins were the most com-monly used for antifungal therapy,accounting for 52.05％.CONCLUSIONS The ICU is a place where the fun-gal infections are highly prevalent.The high morality rate is associated with the blood source infections and specific species.It is crucial for improvement of prognosis to identify the high-risk patients in early stage and optimize the antifungal strategies.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Poor water solubility is the primary obstacle preventing the development of many pharmacologically active compounds into oral preparations. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems(SNEDDS) have become a widely used strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by inducing a supersaturated state, thereby improving their apparent solubility and dissolution rate. However, the supersaturated solutions formed in SNEDDS are thermodynamically unstable systems with solubility levels exceeding the crystalline equilibrium solubility, making them prone to drug precipitation in the gastrointestinal tract and ultimately hindering drug absorption. Therefore, maintaining a stable supersaturated state is crucial for the effective delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Incorporating polymers as precipitation inhibitors(PPIs) into the formulation of supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems(S-SNEDDS) can inhibit drug aggregation and crystallization, thus maintaining a stable supersaturated state. This has emerged as a novel preparation strategy and a key focus in SNEDDS research. This review explores the preparation design of SNEDDS and the technical challenges involved, with a particular focus on polymer-based S-SNEDDS for enhancing the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. It further elucidates the mechanisms by which polymers participate in transmembrane transport, summarizes the principles by which polymers sustain a supersaturated state, and discusses strategies for enhancing drug absorption. Altogether, this review provides a structured framework for the development of S-SNEDDS preparations with stable quality and reduced development risk, and offers a theoretical reference for the application of S-SNEDDS technology in improving the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
Solubility ; Administration, Oral ; Polymers/chemistry* ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Humans ; Emulsions/chemistry* ; Biological Availability ; Animals ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage*