Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture on the motor function of Parkinson disease(PD)model mice and to investigate the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture on PD from the perspective of cellular senescence.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal control(NC)group,a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)group,an acupuncture(ACU)group,and a rasagiline(RAS)group,with 6 mice in each group.Except for the mice in the NC group,all mice were injected intraperitoneally with MPTP[30 mg/(kg·bw)]to establish a PD mouse model.After the models were successfully established,mice in the ACU group received acupuncture at Baihui(GV20)and bilateral Yanglingquan(GB34)for 15 min,once a day for 14 consecutive days.Mice in the RAS group were treated with gavage of rasagiline mesylate[0.5 mg/(kg·bw)],once daily for 14 d.Mouse balance and motor functions were detected using the mouse fatigue rotating rod apparatus.Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the number of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive neurons and the protein expression levels of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1(SATB1),p21,and p53 in the substantia nigra(SN)region of the mouse brain in each group.The glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity of mouse brain SN tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The protein expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)in the SN tissue of mice in each group were detected by Western blotting.The relative expression of SATB1,p21,and p53 mRNA in the SN of each group was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results:Compared to the NC group,the overall rod performance(ORP)score,the number of TH-positive neurons,and GSH-Px activity in the SN region were significantly lower in the mice in the MPTP group(P<0.01);compared to the MPTP group,the ORP score,the number of TH-positive neurons,and GSH-Px activity were significantly increased in the ACU group and the RAS group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Compared to the NC group,the protein levels of IL-6 and SA-β-gal in the SN tissue,the protein and mRNA expression levels of p21 and p53 were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared to the MPTP group,the protein levels of IL-6 and SA-β-gal in the SN tissue,the protein and mRNA expression levels of p21 and p53 were significantly decreased in the ACU group and the RAS group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Compared to the NC group,the relative expression of SATB1 protein and mRNA in the SN of mice in the MPTP group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared to mice in the MPTP group,mice in the ACU group and the RAS group showed significant increases in the relative expression of SATB1 protein and mRNA(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture can improve motor function and increase the number of TH-positive neurons in the SN of PD model mice.Its neuroprotective effect may relate to the regulation of the SATB1/p21 signaling pathway and the inhibition of cellular senescence-related biomarker expression in the SN.

Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)represent a major breakthrough in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)-positive breast cancer as they are responsible for significantly improving clinical outcomes.However,their widespread use is accom-panied by severe adverse effects that not only impact the quality of life of patients and treatment adherence but also life-threatening,ulti-mately leading to treatment discontinuation.This article systematically reviews the underlying mechanisms and management strategies for ADC-related toxicities in HER-2-positive breast cancer.Additionally,it focuses on key adverse events,including thrombocytopenia,interstitial lung disease,and cardiotoxicity,that are induced by ADCs such as trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)and trastuzumab deruxtecan(T-DXd).Based on the clinical evidence,we proposed early monitoring and standardized intervention measures,emphasizing the importance of timely recognition and systematic management to mitigate risks.Furthermore,we explored future directions for optimizing ADC design to reduce their toxicity and provide valuable insights into their safe clinical application.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture on the motor function of Parkinson disease(PD)model mice and to investigate the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture on PD from the perspective of cellular senescence.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal control(NC)group,a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)group,an acupuncture(ACU)group,and a rasagiline(RAS)group,with 6 mice in each group.Except for the mice in the NC group,all mice were injected intraperitoneally with MPTP[30 mg/(kg·bw)]to establish a PD mouse model.After the models were successfully established,mice in the ACU group received acupuncture at Baihui(GV20)and bilateral Yanglingquan(GB34)for 15 min,once a day for 14 consecutive days.Mice in the RAS group were treated with gavage of rasagiline mesylate[0.5 mg/(kg·bw)],once daily for 14 d.Mouse balance and motor functions were detected using the mouse fatigue rotating rod apparatus.Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the number of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive neurons and the protein expression levels of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1(SATB1),p21,and p53 in the substantia nigra(SN)region of the mouse brain in each group.The glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity of mouse brain SN tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The protein expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)in the SN tissue of mice in each group were detected by Western blotting.The relative expression of SATB1,p21,and p53 mRNA in the SN of each group was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results:Compared to the NC group,the overall rod performance(ORP)score,the number of TH-positive neurons,and GSH-Px activity in the SN region were significantly lower in the mice in the MPTP group(P<0.01);compared to the MPTP group,the ORP score,the number of TH-positive neurons,and GSH-Px activity were significantly increased in the ACU group and the RAS group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Compared to the NC group,the protein levels of IL-6 and SA-β-gal in the SN tissue,the protein and mRNA expression levels of p21 and p53 were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared to the MPTP group,the protein levels of IL-6 and SA-β-gal in the SN tissue,the protein and mRNA expression levels of p21 and p53 were significantly decreased in the ACU group and the RAS group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Compared to the NC group,the relative expression of SATB1 protein and mRNA in the SN of mice in the MPTP group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared to mice in the MPTP group,mice in the ACU group and the RAS group showed significant increases in the relative expression of SATB1 protein and mRNA(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture can improve motor function and increase the number of TH-positive neurons in the SN of PD model mice.Its neuroprotective effect may relate to the regulation of the SATB1/p21 signaling pathway and the inhibition of cellular senescence-related biomarker expression in the SN.

Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)represent a major breakthrough in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)-positive breast cancer as they are responsible for significantly improving clinical outcomes.However,their widespread use is accom-panied by severe adverse effects that not only impact the quality of life of patients and treatment adherence but also life-threatening,ulti-mately leading to treatment discontinuation.This article systematically reviews the underlying mechanisms and management strategies for ADC-related toxicities in HER-2-positive breast cancer.Additionally,it focuses on key adverse events,including thrombocytopenia,interstitial lung disease,and cardiotoxicity,that are induced by ADCs such as trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)and trastuzumab deruxtecan(T-DXd).Based on the clinical evidence,we proposed early monitoring and standardized intervention measures,emphasizing the importance of timely recognition and systematic management to mitigate risks.Furthermore,we explored future directions for optimizing ADC design to reduce their toxicity and provide valuable insights into their safe clinical application.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in sepsis patients with different blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, 252 sepsis patients, who were admitted in the Department of Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine) and met the inclusion criteria, were divided into lower level group (BUN<9.25 mmol/L) and higher level group (BUN≥9.25 mmol/L) according to BUN levels. The baseline data, complications, infection sites and other data were collected. TCM syndromes were judged according to the four diagnostic information of TCM and BUN levels. Variables with P<0.2 in univariate analysis were introduced as candidate variables, and the correlation between TCM syndrome elements and BUN was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results:The comparison of TCM syndromes showed that the proportion of blood stasis syndrome in higher level group was significantly higher than that of the lower level group [74.60% (94/126) vs. 53.17% (67/126), P<0.01)], and the proportion of toxic heat syndrome in the higher level group was significantly lower than that of the lower level group [52.38% (66/126) vs. 65.87% (83/126), P=0.029]. The comparison of TCM deficiency syndromes showed that the proportion of qi deficiency syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome in the higher level group was significantly higher than that of the lower level group [67.46% (85/126) vs. 45.24% (57/126), P<0.01; 11.90% (15/126) vs. 3.97% (5/126), P=0.032, respectively]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher blood urea nitrogen level was correlated with the increased incidence of qi deficiency syndrome ( OR=3.425, 95% CI: 1.934-6.068, P<0.01), yang deficiency syndrome ( OR=3.460, 95% CI: 1.160-10.325, P=0.026) and kidney deficiency syndrome ( OR=2.212, 95% CI: 1.173-4.173, P=0.014) in sepsis patients. Conclusion:Sepsis patients with higher blood urea nitrogen level have a higher proportion of blood stasis syndrome, qi deficiency syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome and may be related to the increased incidence of qi deficiency syndrome, yang deficiency syndrome and kidney deficiency syndrome.

Lycophytes and seed plants constitute the typical vascular plants. Lycophytes have been thought to have no paleo-polyploidization although the event is known to be critical for the fast expansion of seed plants. Here, genomic analyses including the homologous gene dot plot analysis detected multiple paleo-polyploidization events, with one occurring approximately 13-15 million years ago (MYA) and another about 125-142 MYA, during the evolution of the genome of Selaginella moellendorffii, a model lycophyte. In addition, comparative analysis of reconstructed ancestral genomes of lycophytes and angiosperms suggested that lycophytes were affected by more paleo-polyploidization events than seed plants. Results from the present genomic analyses indicate that paleo-polyploidization has contributed to the successful establishment of both lineages-lycophytes and seed plants-of vascular plants.
Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Phylogeny ; Polyploidy ; Selaginellaceae/genetics*

Objective To investigate the relationships between patients′self- management behaviors and self- efficacy with lower extremity arterial disease, and supply evidence for effective management and intervention of lower extremity arterial disease for clinical medical workers. Methods In August 2014 to January 2015,a total of 110 cases of hospitalized patients with lower extremity arterial disease of two hospitals′vascular surgery from Guangzhou completed questionnaires, including the General Information Questionnaire, Chronic Disease Self- management Behavior - Chinese version, Chronic Disease Self- efficacy -Chinese version. Results The total score of self- management behavior of patients with lower extremity arterial disease ranged from 0 to 69, with an average score of 18.93 ± 6.79, the overall level was not high. Self- efficacy score ranged from 6 to 60, with an average score of 32.25 ± 9.65, the overall level was moderate. Self -management behavior was positively correlated with self- efficacy and its dimensions, and negatively correlated with the dimensions of communication with doctors and Common disease management. Conclusions The clinical staff should strengthen education and guidance of self- management behaviors in patients with lower extremity arterial disease, promote the level of self- management behaviors and self- efficacy, improve the confidence of disease treatment and prevention, in order to achieve the purpose of health promotion.

Objective To analyze quantitatively intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI)of normal adult kidney and to evaluate the effects of the location of the kidney,gender and age on IVIM-DWI parameters.Methods Thirty healthy adult volunteers were recruited to undergo IVIM-DWI examination.Two radiologists measured the D ,D? and f values of renal parenchyma in both the upper pole,middle part and lower pole of the kidneys separately.Results The D ,D? and f values of the middle part of kidneys in healthy adult were(1.61±0.1 6)×10 -3 mm2/s,(1 7.45 ±3.78)×10 -3 mm2/s and (26.88 ±5.1 9)%, respectively.The D values of right kidney were higher than that of left kidney (P <0.05).The f values of normal kidney in male volunteers were higher than that of female (t = 3.321,P =0.001).The D values of normal kidney in > 50 years group were lower than that of ≤50 years group (t = 3.548,P=0.001).D value of the kidney and age was negatively correlated (r=-0.406).Intraclass correlation coefficient of D,D? and f values between two observers were 0.881,0.56 and 0.741,respectively.The consistency of two observers in measurement of IVIM-DWI parameters in the middle part of kidneys was higher than that of the upper pole and lower pole of the kidneys.Conclusion The IVIM-DWI parameters of adult normal kidneys are influenced by different parts of the kidney,gender and age.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of anesthetic intervention with small-dose lidocaine and ketamine on early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing surgeries for gastrointestinal tumors.

METHODSSixty patients (ASA I-III, aged 63-82 years) scheduled for surgeries for gastrointestinal tumors were randomized into intervention group (n=30) and control group (n=30). After intravenous induction and tracheal intubation, the patients in the interventional group received intravenous infusion of 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine and 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, followed by continuous infusion of lidocaine at the rate of 0.5 mg·kg(-1)·h(-1) till the end of the operation; the patients in the control group received saline infusion only. The cognitive function of the patients was assessed at 3 day before and 2 day after the operation using comprehensive neuro-psychological tests. Peripheral venous blood was extracted before anesthesia induction (T0), at the end of the surgery (T1), and at 1 day (T2) and 2 days (T3) after the operation for measurement of serum S-100β protein, NSE and IL-6 levels using ELISA.

RESULTSThe difference between the test scores before and after the operation (X values) was significantly smaller in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). The intervention group showed a significantly lower incidence rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) than the control group (6.7% vs 33.3%, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited significantly lower serum levels of S-100β protein, NSE and IL-6 at T1 (P<0.05), significantly lower NSE and IL-6 levels at T2 (P<0.05) time point, and significantly lower IL-6 level at T3 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntravenous injection of small-dose lidocaine and ketamine during the operation can reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing surgeries for gastrointestinal tumors possibly in relation to decreased serum S-100β, NSE and IL-6 levels.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anesthetics ; therapeutic use ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Ketamine ; therapeutic use ; Lidocaine ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood

OBJECTIVETo assess clinical and pathological features of ovarian transitional cell tumors.

METHODSFourteen cases of ovarian transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) were selected and investigated for their clinical and pathological features. Their immunohistochemical profiles were compared with 12 cases of serous adenocarcinoma (SC) admixed with TCC and 4 cases of EC admixed with TCC 20 cases of pure high-grade serous adenocarcinoma (HG-SC), 15 cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC), 6 cases of Brenner tumor (BT, 2 cases of malignant BT and 4 cases of benign BT).

RESULTSThe patients' age ranged from 36-63 years (mean, 56 years). All cases underwent surgery and postoperative chemotherapy with TP or CAP program. Clinical follow-up was available in 9 cases, of which 2 patients died. Histologically, all cases showed features of transitional cell carcinoma without BT component. Immunohistochemically, 13 of 14 TCCs were positive for WT-1 and all were positive for CK7, ER, PR and CA125, but negative for Uroplakin III and CK20.Similar immunohistochemical staining patterns were seen in SC admixed with TCC and pure HG-SC. Percentage of the 14 TCC cases were also diffusely positive for BRCA1. All SCs admixed with TCC and pure HG-SCs were diffusely or heterogeneously positive for WT-1, with a sharp contrast and mottled distribution pattern in the heterogeneous cases. All TCCs were diffusely and strongly positive for p53, while 16 of 20 cases of pure HG-SC were positive. The positive ratio of p53 in SCs admixed with TCC cases was 11/12.WT-1 expression in TCCs was significantly higher than BTs, ECs and ECs admixed with TCC (P < 0.01), while no obvious difference was seen when compared with SCs admixed with TCC and pure HG-SCs.SCs admixed with TCC, TCCs and EC were positive for BRCA1 except pure ECs and BTs. The positive rate of Ki-67 of BTs was low, while it was higher in TCCs, SCs admixed with TCC and pure HG-SCs. Only BTs expressed Uroplakin III.

CONCLUSIONSOvarian TCC has characteristic morphological and immunohistochemical features, similar to SC but different from BT. Therefore, TCC should be considered as a morphological variant of HG-SC.

Adult ; Brenner Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; CA-125 Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uroplakin III ; metabolism