Esophageal cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive tract in China, and radical surgery remains the cornerstone of its comprehensive treatment. However, multifactorial challenges such as postoperative gastrointestinal tract reconstruction, traumatic stress, and tumor-related metabolic disturbances render esophageal cancer patients highly susceptible to malnutrition. Perioperative nutritional support therapy plays a crucial role in enhancing surgical safety, improving clinical outcomes, and elevating patients' quality of life by regulating metabolic homeostasis, preserving organ function, and optimizing the immune microenvironment. This article reviews the mechanisms underlying malnutrition in esophageal cancer, methods for nutritional status assessment, and precision intervention pathways based on multi-omics evaluations. The aim is to strengthen clinicians' awareness of standardized perioperative nutritional management for esophageal cancer patients and promote its clinical implementation, thereby facilitating postoperative recovery and improving long-term quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of eleutheroside B （ELB） on Parkinson’s disease （PD） model mice by regulating the IκB kinase β （IKKβ）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， positive control group （selegiline hydrochloride， 10 mg/kg）， and ELB low-dose and high-dose groups （80， 160 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine or normal saline intragastrically for 14 consecutive days. Starting from the 10th day of administration， the model group and all administration groups were intraperitoneally injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP） 30 mg/kg， for five consecutive days to establish the chronic PD model. After the last administration for 24 h， six mice were randomly selected from each group to test their behavioral abilities； detect the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in brain tissue and their mRNA expressions were measured， and positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）， protein expressions of TH， α -synuclein （ α -syn）， ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba-1）， as well as phosphorylation levels of IKKβ and NF-κB p65 proteins in the brain tissue were detected. The ultrastructure of neurons in substantia nigra was observed. RESULTS Compared with the model group， rotarod endurance time and climbing score of each administration group （except for the ELB low-dose group） were increased significantly （ P ＜0.05）， while the levels and mRNA expressions of IL-1β， TNF-α， α -syn， and Iba-1， as well as phosphorylation levels of IKKβ and NF-κB p65 proteins in brain tissue were decreased significantly （except for TNF-α in the ELB low-dose group）. Conversely， the level and mRNA expression of IL-10 （except for the ELB low-dose group）， TH positive expression and protein expressions were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. Typical neurodegenerative pathological changes， such as neuronal karyopyknosis， mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization， and endoplasmic reticulum dilation， all showed varying degrees of improvement. CONCLUSIONS ELB may exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the activation of the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway， alleviating inflammatory responses， reducing abnormal α -syn aggregation and neuronal loss， and further improving motor dysfunction in PD mice.

Objective To investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of predictive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support during liver transplantation in high-risk recipients. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted. A total of 35 liver transplant recipients who underwent predictive ECMO assistance during surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2021 to April 2025 were included. Baseline characteristics, ECMO application, ECMO operating parameters and hemodynamic conditions during ECMO operation were analyzed. The cumulative survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival curves were plotted. Results Veno-arterial ECMO in 35 recipients was established after induction of general anesthesia. The median ECMO operation time was 8.5 h, and the success rate of weaning from ECMO was 97%. The cardiac index (CI) during the non-liver period and the new liver period was higher than that before cannulation, and CI increased during the non-liver period and before weaning (all P<0.001). The mean invasive arterial pressure and central venous pressure remained stable. No ECMO-related complications occurred in the recipients. The average survival time was (25 ± 3) months. The main causes of death were severe pulmonary infection and multiple organ failure. Conclusions For liver transplant recipients with severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction, hemodynamic disorders, or multiple organ failure risk factors, implementing predictive ECMO support during liver transplantation through active risk prediction is a safe and effective circulatory guarantee strategy.

Objective: To investigate the annual trend and influencing factors of screening myopia prevalence among children and adolescents in Tianhe District, Guangzhou from 2021 to 2024, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing targeted and precise regional myopia prevention and control strategies. Methods: From 2021 to 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to recruit 10 132 students ranging from senior kindergarten to senior high school from fixed monitoring sites for myopia screening. Additionally, a questionnaire survey on myopia related factors was administered to 7 115 students in grade 4 and above. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyze the annual changing trends and interaction effects, and mixed effects models were performed for sensitivity analysis. Results: The screening myopia prevalence among children and adolescents in Tianhe District from 2021 to 2024 was 58.9%, 57.3%, 56.8%, and 54.7%, respectively, and showed a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=9.06, P <0.05). The prevalence rates among senior kindergarten, primary school, junior high school, regular senior high school, and vocational high school students were 8.7%, 40.7%, 74.3%, 86.7%, and 75.6%, respectively （χ 2= 2 493.11， P <0.05). The prevalence was significantly higher in female students (60.9%) than in male students (53.3%) ( χ 2= 59.22 , P <0.05). GEE analysis showed that male students ( OR =0.59), primary school students ( OR =0.45), those who spent less than 6 hours per day sitting indoors ( OR =0.78), and those who used electronic devices for no more than 2 hours per day ( OR = 0.25 ) all had lower risks of screening myopia (all P <0.05). Students in regular high schools ( OR =2.01), those who engaged in activities inside the classroom during breaks ( OR =1.55), those who engaged in activities outside the classroom but within the school building during breaks ( OR = 1.46), those who never or only occasionally maintained proper reading and writing postures ( OR =1.32), those with less than 2 hours of daily outdoor activity ( OR =1.86), those with both parents being myopic ( OR =2.48), those with only the father being myopic ( OR =1.50), and those with only the mother being myopic ( OR =1.63) all had higher risks of screening detected myopia (all P ＜0.05). Interaction effect analysis revealed annual heterogeneity in the effects of daily outdoor activity time ≥2 h and daily electronic device use time >2 h on screening myopia prevalence (all P ＜0.05). Conclusions The screening myopia prevalence among children and adolescents in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, demonstrates a continuous downward trend. The impacts of daily outdoor activity duration and electronic device usage time on screening myopia exhibit annual heterogeneity. Dynamic and targeted myopia prevention and control strategies should be formulated in accordance with regional demographic features and environmental changes.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in treating acute attacks of aquaporin-4 antibody(AQP4-IgG)positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods:Six patients with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD treated with eculizumab at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from August 2023 to April 2024 were included.The patients' clinical characteristics, changes in scores of neurological function, pain and spasm before and after eculizumab treatment, and adverse drug reactions during the treatment period were described, and the data were subjected to Friedman test using SPSS 25.0.Results:The median score of expanded disability status scale in the six patients decreased from 3.25 before treatment to 1.25 after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=44.77, P<0.01).The functional status score showed noticeable improvement as early as week 1, demonstrating greater sensitivity to treatment response.Three patients experienced moderate to severe pain before treatment, with a mean pain score of 6, which reduced to 4.67 and 1.33 at week 2 and 6, respectively( F=29.17, P<0.05).Two patients reported spasms before treatment, with a mean score of 3.00, which decreased to 2.00, 1.50, and 1.00 at week 2, 3, and 6 after treatment, respectively( F=18.00, P>0.05).No serious adverse reactions were reported during the treatment. Conclusion:Eculizumab can effectively improve the neurological function and alleviate pain in patients with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD during acute attacks, and demonstrate good safety.

High altitude heart disease(HAHD)is a chronic mountain sickness in which the body is exposed to high altitude(＞2 500 m)hypobaric hypoxia environment for a long time.HAHD has high morbidity and poor prognosis,and pulmonary hypertension is the main causative mechanism for its develop-ment.The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil has become a hot drug for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.This paper reviews the progress of HAHD and discusses the mechanism of action and effectiveness of sildenafil in the treatment of HAHD,with a view to providing a basis for the treatment of HAHD with sildenafil.

Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent disease in women of childbearing age,often leading to chronic pelvic pain,infertility,ovarian cancer,and other serious complications,and jeopardizing the health of women.The pathogenesis of endometriosis is complex and involves the alteration of multiple signaling pathways mediated by hormones,immunity,genetics,and the environment,and their interactions.Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis,and it has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via multiple pathways.This review considers the biological characteristics of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and summarizes the main mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis,as well as the curr-ent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of endometriosis.We aim to clarify how the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects the development of endometriosis,and suggest that future studies should focus on exploring its potential role as an indicator for the clinical prediction and early diagnosis of endometriosis,thus providing theoretical support for the early diagnosis of this condition and the development of targeted drugs.

The hemodynamics within the aortic lumen is highly complex,and the mechanical stimuli generated by blood flow play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of aortic dilation disease.Endothelial cells,as key components of the vascular endothelium,respond precisely to microenvironmental changes caused by blood flow through mechanoreceptors,including ion channels,receptor tyrosine kinases,and membrane structures.These mechanoreceptors convert mechanical stresses into biochemical signals,thereby affecting the physiological functions and pathological changes of blood vessels.In recent years,significant advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms by which endothelial mechanoreceptors are involved in aortic dilation diseases.This review summarizes the research progress of mechanoreceptor-mediated endothelial cell function in regulating aortic dilation diseases and provides a perspective on future research directions,with the aim of offering new insights and potential targets for the development of clinical treatment strategies.

Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent disease in women of childbearing age,often leading to chronic pelvic pain,infertility,ovarian cancer,and other serious complications,and jeopardizing the health of women.The pathogenesis of endometriosis is complex and involves the alteration of multiple signaling pathways mediated by hormones,immunity,genetics,and the environment,and their interactions.Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis,and it has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via multiple pathways.This review considers the biological characteristics of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and summarizes the main mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis,as well as the curr-ent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of endometriosis.We aim to clarify how the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects the development of endometriosis,and suggest that future studies should focus on exploring its potential role as an indicator for the clinical prediction and early diagnosis of endometriosis,thus providing theoretical support for the early diagnosis of this condition and the development of targeted drugs.

Objective:To study genotype analysis and influence factors analysis of hepatitis B virus(HBV)deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)positive samples of negative hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)donors in blood donors without compensation in Nan'an area.Methods:A total of 62,000 HBsAg fast-screened blood donor samples from January 2021 to June 2024 were selected as the study objects.HBV infection,viral load and genotype of HBV DNA positive samples,single factor and influencing factor of HBV DNA positive samples were detected and analyzed.Results:Among the 62000 HBsAg fast-screened blood donor samples,the results were negative by HBsAg screening,moreover,285 cases(0.46％)were HBsAg positive and 61715 cases(99.54％)were negative.NAT positive 180 cases and 118 cases were positive for HBV DNA.The HBV DNA positive rate of HBsAg negative donors was 0.19％(118/62000).HBV DNA of the viral load of positive specimens with＜20 IU/mL was higher than those with 20 to 99 IU/mL and ≥ 100 IU/mL(P＜0.05).HBV DNA of C style of the genotype of positive specimens was higher than B style and unsamples(P＜0.05).Univariate analysis found that HBV DNA positivity was mainly related to the history of intravenous drug use and risky sexual behavior,as well as the history of hepatitis B vaccination and blood transfusion(P＜0.05).According to the Logistic regression analysis,history of intravenous drug use and risky sexual behavior,and blood transfusion were risk factors for positive HBV DNA(OR＞1,P＜0.05),vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine was a protective factor for HBV DNA positivity(OR＜1,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The proportion of HBsAg in Nan'an area is relatively high,but there are still a small number of positive samples,the main genotype was type C,and history of intravenous drug use and risky risk behaviors,as well as history of blood transfusion were all risk factors for positive HBV DNA,vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine is protective factor for HBV DNA positivity.