Building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship reflects the people’s expectations and society’s aspirations. It is an important factor related to the well-being of the population and the implementation of the healthy China strategy. The theory of intersubjectivity focuses on responding to the relationship between subjects. Based on the principles of interactivity， liveliness， and dialogue rationality， it highlights equal interaction， mutual understanding， and effective dialogue between subjects. Applying the intersubjectivity theory to the construction of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship can help to break the behavioral paradigm of the doctor-patient subject-object dichotomy， highlighting the true freedom of the doctor-patient dual subjects. From the perspective of intersubjectivity， a harmonious doctor-patient relationship is generated from intersubjective behavior， facilitated by pre-understanding between subjects， and realized through effective dialogue between subjects. In the real world， the obfuscation of subjective rationality， the division of cognitive structure， and the uneven demands of interest between doctors and patients eliminate the inherent mechanisms of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship. This leads to multiple practical dilemmas， such as a “subject-object” one-dimensional thinking mode， a “professional-life” structural cognitive difference， and “reason-sensibility” dislocation dialogue styles presented between doctors and patients. Promoting the transformation of doctor-patient interactive thinking form， the integration of their communication perspectives， and the enhancement of dialogue skills can help to achieve mutual understanding in cognition， mutual trust and empathy in emotions， and harmonious alignment in actions. Therefore， to address these dilemmas， this paper proposed a path by embedding intersubjectivity theory， strengthening bidirectional doctor-patient interaction， emphasizing doctor-patient illness narratives， bridging doctor-patient cognitive differences， focusing on improving subjective competencies， and enhancing doctor-patient humanistic care.

Professionalism is the core quality necessary for outstanding physicians in the new era. As an important content of medical students’ ideological and political education， the medical professionalism with the scientific connotation of “respecting and protecting life， healing the wounded and rescuing the dying， being willing to contribute， and boundless love” radiates new vitality in the new era. The medical professionalism in the new era embodies the unity of science and humanity， regularity and purposefulness， timeliness and development， and theoreticality and practicality. In the ideological and political education of medical students based on the cultivation of professionalism in the new era， only by insisting on the combination of “ideological and political education in the curriculum” and “ideological and political courses”， “supply” and “demand”， “on-campus” and “off-campus”， and “virtual” and “reality”， as well as strengthening internal cohesion and external connection and making targeted efforts， the medical professionalism can better be cultivated， providing spiritual support for training a new force for the construction of a healthy China.

The unexpected COVID-19 brings a great challenge to the cultivation of medical students’ professional spirit. However, the traditional cultivation mode of professional spirit is single, which could not meet the urgent needs for cultivating high-quality medical talents. Therefore, under the background of epidemic prevention and control, the optimization of the cultivation path of medical students’ professional spirit should be carried out in the medical colleges and universities to adapt the development requirements of the era. Firstly, taking reshaping the top-level design of the school as the starting point, providing institutional guarantee, improving the curriculum and optimizing the teaching staff. Secondly, focusing on improving teaching process, optimizing teaching design, innovating teaching forms and establishing model education. Lastly, taking realize the unity of knowledge, emotion and intention of medical students as the foothold, strengthening the study of theoretical knowledge, participating in the construction of campus culture and social practice activities. The trinity cultivation model of "school-teachers-students" will be constructed to collaboratively promote the benign development of medical students’ professional spirit cultivation.