Objectives:To analyze the consistency of evaluating left ventricular hemodynamics (HDF) based on single plane and multi plane cine sequences of magnetic resonance mitral valve orifice.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 48 healthy adults, and two methods were used to measure the mitral valve diameter and calculate HDF parameters. The first method was to measure the diameter of the mitral valve opening in the left ventricular three chamber cine sequence; The second method is to measure the mitral valve diameter using cine sequences of two chamber, three chamber, and four chamber hearts, and then take the average value. Paired t-tests were used to compare the differences in HDF measured by two methods, and Pearson correlation coefficient ( r), intra group correlation coefficient ( ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis were used to test the consistency and reproducibility of the two methods. Results:The root mean square (RMS) of longitudinal HDF calculated using single plane and multi plane mitral valve diameters were [(17.28±4.41)% vs (17.21±4.61)%] ( P=0.379) for the entire cardiac cycle, [(21.45±5.54)% vs (21.49±5.68)%] ( P=0.646) for systolic phase, and [(12.78±4.10)% vs (12.54±4.24)%] ( P=0.106) for diastolic phase, respectively. The difference in the calculation results of HDF parameters related to ventricular function was not statistically significant (all P>0.05), and there was good consistency ( r=0.924-0.996, ICC=0.924-0.995). The two HDF parameters related to atrial function were sensitive to the measurement method of mitral valve orifice diameter [RMS of longitudinal HDF during active atrial emptying: (3.26±1.51)% vs (3.32±1.55)%, P=0.006; longitudinal HDF pulse during active atrial emptying: (-2.60±1.28)% vs (-2.76±1.30)%, P<0.001]. Conclusions:The ventricular function related HDF parameters obtained from the analysis of mitral valve orifice diameter using single plane and multi plane methods have good consistency, and can be evaluated using relatively simple single plane methods for left ventricular HDF.

Objective:To explore the difficulties and methods of value-based pricing of healthcare services,and to provide references for the price management of healthcare services in China.Methods:Based on the analysis of literature and policy,the operational methods of value-based pricing are clarified,and the international application experience of value-based pricing is reviewed.Comprehensive field research and interviews are conducted to analyze the difficulties in applying value-based pricing to healthcare services.Results:Currently,there are no mature theories and methods for value-based pricing of healthcare services,and there are also many practical difficulties in financing,payment,assessment and evaluation policies.Conclusion:In the future,it should consider incorporating service experience into the value framework independently of utility,and take"service utility"as the basis for pricing healthcare services,and select relevant indicators for measurement.At the same time,the price of healthcare services should take into account the willingness to pay of multiple parties,and stakeholders need to work closely together to form a consensus on value.

Objective:Compared to pricing based on input value,pricing based on output can better motivate service outcomes towards expectations and enhance input-output efficiency.The path of outcome value-oriented pricing for healthcare services is explored to provide a theoretical foundation for the value-based pricing of healthcare services.Methods:The concepts,methods and international experience of value pricing are sorted out.Results:Outcome-based pricing in healthcare services is divided into effect and utility,and is classified into four categories based on the different emphasis on the effect and utility of healthcare services.Conclusion:Services with a strong emphasis on effectiveness can draw inspiration from the Quantified Quality of Life(QALY)results in the medical technology field,while services with a strong emphasis on utility may require the development of new utility scales for service evaluation.

Objective:To explore the difficulties and methods of value-based pricing of healthcare services,and to provide references for the price management of healthcare services in China.Methods:Based on the analysis of literature and policy,the operational methods of value-based pricing are clarified,and the international application experience of value-based pricing is reviewed.Comprehensive field research and interviews are conducted to analyze the difficulties in applying value-based pricing to healthcare services.Results:Currently,there are no mature theories and methods for value-based pricing of healthcare services,and there are also many practical difficulties in financing,payment,assessment and evaluation policies.Conclusion:In the future,it should consider incorporating service experience into the value framework independently of utility,and take"service utility"as the basis for pricing healthcare services,and select relevant indicators for measurement.At the same time,the price of healthcare services should take into account the willingness to pay of multiple parties,and stakeholders need to work closely together to form a consensus on value.

Objective:Compared to pricing based on input value,pricing based on output can better motivate service outcomes towards expectations and enhance input-output efficiency.The path of outcome value-oriented pricing for healthcare services is explored to provide a theoretical foundation for the value-based pricing of healthcare services.Methods:The concepts,methods and international experience of value pricing are sorted out.Results:Outcome-based pricing in healthcare services is divided into effect and utility,and is classified into four categories based on the different emphasis on the effect and utility of healthcare services.Conclusion:Services with a strong emphasis on effectiveness can draw inspiration from the Quantified Quality of Life(QALY)results in the medical technology field,while services with a strong emphasis on utility may require the development of new utility scales for service evaluation.

Objective:To explore the difficulties and methods of value-based pricing of healthcare services,and to provide references for the price management of healthcare services in China.Methods:Based on the analysis of literature and policy,the operational methods of value-based pricing are clarified,and the international application experience of value-based pricing is reviewed.Comprehensive field research and interviews are conducted to analyze the difficulties in applying value-based pricing to healthcare services.Results:Currently,there are no mature theories and methods for value-based pricing of healthcare services,and there are also many practical difficulties in financing,payment,assessment and evaluation policies.Conclusion:In the future,it should consider incorporating service experience into the value framework independently of utility,and take"service utility"as the basis for pricing healthcare services,and select relevant indicators for measurement.At the same time,the price of healthcare services should take into account the willingness to pay of multiple parties,and stakeholders need to work closely together to form a consensus on value.

Objective:Compared to pricing based on input value,pricing based on output can better motivate service outcomes towards expectations and enhance input-output efficiency.The path of outcome value-oriented pricing for healthcare services is explored to provide a theoretical foundation for the value-based pricing of healthcare services.Methods:The concepts,methods and international experience of value pricing are sorted out.Results:Outcome-based pricing in healthcare services is divided into effect and utility,and is classified into four categories based on the different emphasis on the effect and utility of healthcare services.Conclusion:Services with a strong emphasis on effectiveness can draw inspiration from the Quantified Quality of Life(QALY)results in the medical technology field,while services with a strong emphasis on utility may require the development of new utility scales for service evaluation.

Objective:To explore the difficulties and methods of value-based pricing of healthcare services,and to provide references for the price management of healthcare services in China.Methods:Based on the analysis of literature and policy,the operational methods of value-based pricing are clarified,and the international application experience of value-based pricing is reviewed.Comprehensive field research and interviews are conducted to analyze the difficulties in applying value-based pricing to healthcare services.Results:Currently,there are no mature theories and methods for value-based pricing of healthcare services,and there are also many practical difficulties in financing,payment,assessment and evaluation policies.Conclusion:In the future,it should consider incorporating service experience into the value framework independently of utility,and take"service utility"as the basis for pricing healthcare services,and select relevant indicators for measurement.At the same time,the price of healthcare services should take into account the willingness to pay of multiple parties,and stakeholders need to work closely together to form a consensus on value.

Objective:Compared to pricing based on input value,pricing based on output can better motivate service outcomes towards expectations and enhance input-output efficiency.The path of outcome value-oriented pricing for healthcare services is explored to provide a theoretical foundation for the value-based pricing of healthcare services.Methods:The concepts,methods and international experience of value pricing are sorted out.Results:Outcome-based pricing in healthcare services is divided into effect and utility,and is classified into four categories based on the different emphasis on the effect and utility of healthcare services.Conclusion:Services with a strong emphasis on effectiveness can draw inspiration from the Quantified Quality of Life(QALY)results in the medical technology field,while services with a strong emphasis on utility may require the development of new utility scales for service evaluation.

Objective:To explore the difficulties and methods of value-based pricing of healthcare services,and to provide references for the price management of healthcare services in China.Methods:Based on the analysis of literature and policy,the operational methods of value-based pricing are clarified,and the international application experience of value-based pricing is reviewed.Comprehensive field research and interviews are conducted to analyze the difficulties in applying value-based pricing to healthcare services.Results:Currently,there are no mature theories and methods for value-based pricing of healthcare services,and there are also many practical difficulties in financing,payment,assessment and evaluation policies.Conclusion:In the future,it should consider incorporating service experience into the value framework independently of utility,and take"service utility"as the basis for pricing healthcare services,and select relevant indicators for measurement.At the same time,the price of healthcare services should take into account the willingness to pay of multiple parties,and stakeholders need to work closely together to form a consensus on value.