To assess the implantation effectiveness of porous scaffolds, it is essential to consider not only their mechanical properties but also their biological performance. Given the high cost, long duration and low reproducibility of biological experiments, simulation studies as a virtual alternative, have become a widely adopted and efficient evaluation method. In this study, based on the secondary development environment of finite element analysis software, the strain energy density growth criterion for bone tissue was introduced to simulate and analyze the cell proliferation-promoting effects of four different lattice porous scaffolds under cyclic compressive loading. The biological performance of these scaffolds was evaluated accordingly. The computational results indicated that in the early stages of bone growth, the differences in bone tissue formation among the scaffold groups were not significant. However, as bone growth progressed, the scaffold with a porosity of 70% and a pore size of 900 μm demonstrated markedly superior bone formation compared to other porosity groups and pore size groups. These results suggested that the scaffold with a porosity of 70% and a pore size of 900 μm was most conducive to bone tissue growth and could be regarded as the optimal structural parameter for bone repair scaffold. In conclusion, this study used a visualized simulation approach to pre-evaluate the osteogenic potential of porous scaffolds, aiming to provide reliable data support for the optimized design and clinical application of implantable scaffolds.
Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry* ; Porosity ; Finite Element Analysis ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Computer Simulation ; Bone Development ; Osteogenesis ; Humans ; Cell Proliferation

Objective Previous studies have suggested that bilateral 5-Hz microcurrent stimulation has a hypnotic effect,but the lack of evidence on how the stimulation affects subjects'sleep limits the validation of this intervention.To address this gap,a crossover experimental design was employed,recruiting both insomnia and non-insomnia subjects.Methods 10 participants with insomnia and 10 healthy participants were selected to attend our study.In this crossover study,true(5 Hz)vs.sham stimulation was applied over the parietal temporal lobes.Impact of stimulation on subjective sleep experience,sleep efficiency,sleep structure and psychomotor vigilance task(PVT)was assessed.Results Subjects who received the true 5-Hz stimulation before bedtime had significantly enhanced sleep efficiency,sleep quality,and mental state compared to the night of sham stimulation.Additionally,subjects who received true stimulation exhibited higher sleep efficiency and a later appearance of dream sleep.These findings suggest that 5-Hz microcurrent stimulation before bedtime can enhance both objective and subjective sleep efficiency.Conclusion 5 Hz microcurrent stimulation before bedtime improved sleep efficiency of subjects and also enhanced their subjective perception of sleep.

Lipid turbidity disease is a metabolic disease featuring lipid metabolism disorders caused by many factors such as social environment， diet， and lifestyle， which is closely related to many diseases in modern medicine， such as hyperlipidemia， obesity， fatty liver， atherosclerosis， metabolic syndrome， and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， with a wide range of influence and far-reaching harm. According to the Huangdi Neijing， lipid turbidity disease reflects the pathological change of the body's physiologic grease. Grease is the thick part of body fluids， which has the function of nourishing， and it is the initial state and source of important substances in the human body such as brain， marrow， essence， and blood. Once the grease of the human body is abnormal， it can lead to lipid turbidity disease. The Huangdi Neijing also points out the physiological relationship between the transportation and transformation of body fluids and the rise and fall of the spleen and stomach， which can deduce the pathological relationship between the occurrence of lipid turbidity disease and the abnormal rise and fall of the spleen and stomach functions. Lipid turbidity disease is caused by overconsumption of fatty and sweet foods or insufficient spleen and stomach endowments， leading to disorders of the function of promoting clear and reducing turbidity in the spleen and stomach. This leads to the transformation of thick grease in body fluids into lipid turbidity， which accumulates in the body's meridians， blood vessels， skin pores， and organs， forming various forms of metabolic diseases. The research team believed that the pathological basis of lipid turbidity disease was the abnormal rise and fall of the spleen and stomach and the obstruction of the transfer of grease. According to the different locations where lipid turbidity stays， it was divided into four common pathogenesis types： ''inability to distinguish between the clear and turbid， turbid stagnation in the Ying blood''， ''spleen not rising clear， turbid accumulation in the vessels''， ''spleen dysfunction， lipid retention in the pores''， ''spleen failure to transportation and transformation， and grease accumulation in the liver''. According to the pathogenesis， it could be divided into four common syndromes， namely， turbid stagnation in the Ying blood， turbid accumulation in the vessels， lipid retention in the pores， and grease accumulation in the liver， and the corresponding prescriptions were given for syndrome differentiation and treatment， so as to guide clinical differentiation and treatment of the lipid turbidity disease.

ObjectiveTo analyze the research situation， hotspots， and trend of the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals in traditional Chinese medicine by knowledge mapping and provide reference for the inheritance and clinical application of this theory. MethodsThe literature on the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals was retrieved from 6 databases， including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， SinoMed， Web of Science， and PubMed. The literature was searched with the keywords of bitter medicinals， pungent medicinals， compatibility， Banxia Xiexin decoction， Zhuyu pills， and Zuojin pills. The search time ranged from January 1， 1984 to August 10， 2024. NoteExpress 3.7 was used for literature screening， and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 was used to visualize the number of publications， authors， institutional cooperation network， and the co-occurrence， clustering， time line， and burst of keywords. ResultsA total of 628 Chinese articles and 151 English articles related to the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals were included， and the annual number of publications rose with fluctuations. WEI Wei was the core author of Chinses articles and SHEN Tao and ZHAO Yanling were the core authors of English articles. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences formed a close cooperative network with many research institutions at home and abroad. The high-frequency keywords included pungent dispersing and bitter descending， Coptidis Rhizoma， Euodiae Fructus， Banxia Xiexin decoction， Zuojin pills， compatibility， spleen and stomach diseases， and gut microbiota， which mainly involved common prescriptions， diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine， mechanism research and so on. The keyword bursts concentrated in famous doctors' experience， network Meta-analysis， inflammatory bowel disease， diabetes mellitus， intestinal microbiota， etc. The compatibility of bitter medicinals and pungent medicinals was widely used in clinical practice. Based on pungent dispersing and bitter descending， the middle energizer was regulated for treating spleen and stomach diseases and inflammatory bowel disease. Bitter and pungent medicinals descending the turbid were used to treat diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia by lowering blood glucose and lipid levels. The mild bitter and slightly pungent medicinals were used as supplements to treat depression and COVID-19 by regulating Qi movement. ConclusionIn the past 40 years， the number of publications on the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals has been increasing， and the research team has begun to take form. Clinically， the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals is the main treatment for spleen and stomach diseases and glycolipid metabolic diseases. At present， the modern scientific essence of the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals is mainly explained based on famous doctors' experience inheritance， network meta-analysis， and intestinal flora.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuyuwan in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. MethodsIn this study， hyperlipidemia patients treated in the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） from September 2022 to December 2023 were randomly assigned into a control group and an observation group. Finally， 162 valid cases were included， encompassing 74 cases in the control group and 88 cases in the observation group. The control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets， and the observation group with atorvastatin calcium tablets + Zhuyuwan extract granules. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The efficacy in terms of blood lipid level recovery， blood lipid levels， TCM syndrome distribution， efficacy in terms of TCM syndrome， and TCM symptom scores were compared between the two groups as well as between before and after treatment. Liver and kidney functions were monitored for safety assessment. ResultsIn terms of blood lipid level recovery， the total response rate in the observation group was 86.36% （76/88） and that in the control group was 86.49% （64/74）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After treatment， both groups showed declines in levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P<0.05） and elevations in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation group outperformed the control group in recovering the levels of TG， LDL-C， and HDL-C （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of TCM syndrome， hyperlipidemia was mostly caused by phlegm turbidity and obstruction. The total response rate in terms of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 87.30% （55/63）， which was higher than that （63.46%， 33/52） in the control group （χ²=9.102， P<0.01）. After treatment， the scores of total TCM symptoms， primary symptoms， and secondary symptoms decreased in both groups （P<0.05）， and the observation group had lower scores than the control group （P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in alleviating obesity， chest tightness， and low food intake （P<0.05）. In terms of safety， the level of aminotransferase was slightly elevated in the control group， and no obvious adverse reaction was observed in the observation group， with no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions. ConclusionZhuyuwan combined with atorvastatin can not only recover blood lipid levels and alleviate TCM symptoms but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of Zhuyuwan in the treatment of hyperlipidemia （syndrome of phlegm turbidity and obstruction） complicated with carotid atherosclerosis. MethodsA total of 120 patients with hyperlipidemia （syndrome of phlegm turbidity and obstruction） complicated with carotid atherosclerosis were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group， with 60 patients in each group. The control group orally took rosuvastatin calcium tablets， 10 mg each time， once a day. The treatment group took Zhuyuwan granules， 1 dose a day in 3 times. Both groups received diet and exercise guidance and were treated for 24 consecutive weeks. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores were recorded before and after treatment. The levels of blood lipids ［total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）］， carotid color ultrasound ［carotid intima-media thickness （IMT）， plaque number， maximum plaque area， and maximum plaque thickness］， vascular intimal repair-related factors ［nitric oxide （NO）， endothelin-1 （ET-1）， soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （sICAM-1）， and thromboxane B2 （TXB2）］， and oxidative stress-related indicators ［superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）］ were measured before and after treatment. The occurrence of adverse reactions was observed during treatment， and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment. ResultsThe trial was completed and 112 patients （57 in the treatment group and 55 in the control group） were included in the statistical analysis， and the general information of the two groups was comparable. The total response rate in the treatment group was 87.72% （50/57）， which was higher than that （74.55%， 41/55） in the control group （χ²=4.823， P<0.05）. After treatment， the scores of main TCM symptoms such as body obesity， chest tightness， and limb numbness， the scores of secondary symptoms such as palpitation， insomnia， tastelessness in the mouth， reduced appetite， tongue and pulse manifestation scores， and the total TCM symptom score decreased in both groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the treatment group had lower scores of main symptoms such as body obesity， head heaviness， chest tightness， nausea， salivation， and limb numbness， scores of secondary symptoms such as tastelessness in the mouth and reduced appetite， and total TCM symptom score than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， both groups showed declines in TC， TG， LDL-C， IMT， plaque number， maximum plaque area， maximum plaque thickness， ET-1， sICAM-1， and TXB2 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and elevations in levels of HDL-C， NO， and SOD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The treatment group had lower TC， TG， LDL-C， IMT， plaque number， maximum plaque area， maximum plaque thickness， ET-1， sICAM-1， and TXB2 （P<0.01） and higher levels of HDL-C， NO， SOD， and GSH-Px （P<0.05， P<0.01） than the control group. During treatment， adverse reactions occurred in 3 cases （5.26%， 1 case of dizziness， 1 case of acid reflux， and 1 case of constipation） in the treatment group and 4 cases （7.27%， 2 cases of upper respiratory tract infection， 1 case of abdominal pain， and 1 case of low back pain） in the control group. ConclusionZhuyuwan can effectively reduce blood lipid levels， inhibit the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque， and alleviate the syndrome of phlegm turbidity and obstruction by promoting vascular intima repair and improving the antioxidant function.

ObjectiveTo analyze the research situation， hotspots， and trend of the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals in traditional Chinese medicine by knowledge mapping and provide reference for the inheritance and clinical application of this theory. MethodsThe literature on the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals was retrieved from 6 databases， including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， SinoMed， Web of Science， and PubMed. The literature was searched with the keywords of bitter medicinals， pungent medicinals， compatibility， Banxia Xiexin decoction， Zhuyu pills， and Zuojin pills. The search time ranged from January 1， 1984 to August 10， 2024. NoteExpress 3.7 was used for literature screening， and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 was used to visualize the number of publications， authors， institutional cooperation network， and the co-occurrence， clustering， time line， and burst of keywords. ResultsA total of 628 Chinese articles and 151 English articles related to the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals were included， and the annual number of publications rose with fluctuations. WEI Wei was the core author of Chinses articles and SHEN Tao and ZHAO Yanling were the core authors of English articles. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences formed a close cooperative network with many research institutions at home and abroad. The high-frequency keywords included pungent dispersing and bitter descending， Coptidis Rhizoma， Euodiae Fructus， Banxia Xiexin decoction， Zuojin pills， compatibility， spleen and stomach diseases， and gut microbiota， which mainly involved common prescriptions， diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine， mechanism research and so on. The keyword bursts concentrated in famous doctors' experience， network Meta-analysis， inflammatory bowel disease， diabetes mellitus， intestinal microbiota， etc. The compatibility of bitter medicinals and pungent medicinals was widely used in clinical practice. Based on pungent dispersing and bitter descending， the middle energizer was regulated for treating spleen and stomach diseases and inflammatory bowel disease. Bitter and pungent medicinals descending the turbid were used to treat diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia by lowering blood glucose and lipid levels. The mild bitter and slightly pungent medicinals were used as supplements to treat depression and COVID-19 by regulating Qi movement. ConclusionIn the past 40 years， the number of publications on the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals has been increasing， and the research team has begun to take form. Clinically， the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals is the main treatment for spleen and stomach diseases and glycolipid metabolic diseases. At present， the modern scientific essence of the compatibility of bitter and pungent medicinals is mainly explained based on famous doctors' experience inheritance， network meta-analysis， and intestinal flora.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuyuwan in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. MethodsIn this study， hyperlipidemia patients treated in the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） from September 2022 to December 2023 were randomly assigned into a control group and an observation group. Finally， 162 valid cases were included， encompassing 74 cases in the control group and 88 cases in the observation group. The control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets， and the observation group with atorvastatin calcium tablets + Zhuyuwan extract granules. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The efficacy in terms of blood lipid level recovery， blood lipid levels， TCM syndrome distribution， efficacy in terms of TCM syndrome， and TCM symptom scores were compared between the two groups as well as between before and after treatment. Liver and kidney functions were monitored for safety assessment. ResultsIn terms of blood lipid level recovery， the total response rate in the observation group was 86.36% （76/88） and that in the control group was 86.49% （64/74）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After treatment， both groups showed declines in levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P<0.05） and elevations in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation group outperformed the control group in recovering the levels of TG， LDL-C， and HDL-C （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of TCM syndrome， hyperlipidemia was mostly caused by phlegm turbidity and obstruction. The total response rate in terms of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 87.30% （55/63）， which was higher than that （63.46%， 33/52） in the control group （χ²=9.102， P<0.01）. After treatment， the scores of total TCM symptoms， primary symptoms， and secondary symptoms decreased in both groups （P<0.05）， and the observation group had lower scores than the control group （P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in alleviating obesity， chest tightness， and low food intake （P<0.05）. In terms of safety， the level of aminotransferase was slightly elevated in the control group， and no obvious adverse reaction was observed in the observation group， with no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions. ConclusionZhuyuwan combined with atorvastatin can not only recover blood lipid levels and alleviate TCM symptoms but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of Zhuyuwan in the treatment of hyperlipidemia （syndrome of phlegm turbidity and obstruction） complicated with carotid atherosclerosis. MethodsA total of 120 patients with hyperlipidemia （syndrome of phlegm turbidity and obstruction） complicated with carotid atherosclerosis were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group， with 60 patients in each group. The control group orally took rosuvastatin calcium tablets， 10 mg each time， once a day. The treatment group took Zhuyuwan granules， 1 dose a day in 3 times. Both groups received diet and exercise guidance and were treated for 24 consecutive weeks. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores were recorded before and after treatment. The levels of blood lipids ［total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）］， carotid color ultrasound ［carotid intima-media thickness （IMT）， plaque number， maximum plaque area， and maximum plaque thickness］， vascular intimal repair-related factors ［nitric oxide （NO）， endothelin-1 （ET-1）， soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （sICAM-1）， and thromboxane B2 （TXB2）］， and oxidative stress-related indicators ［superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）］ were measured before and after treatment. The occurrence of adverse reactions was observed during treatment， and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment. ResultsThe trial was completed and 112 patients （57 in the treatment group and 55 in the control group） were included in the statistical analysis， and the general information of the two groups was comparable. The total response rate in the treatment group was 87.72% （50/57）， which was higher than that （74.55%， 41/55） in the control group （χ²=4.823， P<0.05）. After treatment， the scores of main TCM symptoms such as body obesity， chest tightness， and limb numbness， the scores of secondary symptoms such as palpitation， insomnia， tastelessness in the mouth， reduced appetite， tongue and pulse manifestation scores， and the total TCM symptom score decreased in both groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the treatment group had lower scores of main symptoms such as body obesity， head heaviness， chest tightness， nausea， salivation， and limb numbness， scores of secondary symptoms such as tastelessness in the mouth and reduced appetite， and total TCM symptom score than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， both groups showed declines in TC， TG， LDL-C， IMT， plaque number， maximum plaque area， maximum plaque thickness， ET-1， sICAM-1， and TXB2 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and elevations in levels of HDL-C， NO， and SOD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The treatment group had lower TC， TG， LDL-C， IMT， plaque number， maximum plaque area， maximum plaque thickness， ET-1， sICAM-1， and TXB2 （P<0.01） and higher levels of HDL-C， NO， SOD， and GSH-Px （P<0.05， P<0.01） than the control group. During treatment， adverse reactions occurred in 3 cases （5.26%， 1 case of dizziness， 1 case of acid reflux， and 1 case of constipation） in the treatment group and 4 cases （7.27%， 2 cases of upper respiratory tract infection， 1 case of abdominal pain， and 1 case of low back pain） in the control group. ConclusionZhuyuwan can effectively reduce blood lipid levels， inhibit the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque， and alleviate the syndrome of phlegm turbidity and obstruction by promoting vascular intima repair and improving the antioxidant function.

Objective : To explore whether chrysophanol(CHR) affects macrophage polarization by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis through AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Methods : The molecular docking and binding ability of CHR with AMPK and PGC-1α were predicted by Autodock vina software. Human monocytes(THP-1) were induced to M0 macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate(PMA), and to M1 macrophages by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) combined with interferon-γ(IFN-γ), which were set as Control group. M1 macrophages treated with CHR were set as CHR group. M1 macrophages treated with CHR combined with AMPK inhibitor(Compound C) were set as CHR+Compound C group. The mRNA expression levels of M1 macrophage markers(iNOS, CD86) and mitochondrial biosynthesis related genes(PGC-1α, NFR-1, TFAM) were detected by Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). The expression level of M1 macrophage marker iNOS was detected by immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of AMPK, p-AMPK and PGC-1α were detected by Western blot. Results : The docking results showed that the binding energies of CHR with AMPK and PGC-1α were-8.4 kcal/mol and-7.4 kcal/mol, respectively. qRT-PCR results showed that the in vitro model of M1 macrophages was successfully established. Compared with the Control group, CHR treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related genes PGC-1α, NFR-1, and TFAM(P<0.001). Compared with CHR treatment group, CHR combined with Compound C treatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related genes PGC-1α, NFR-1, and TFAM(P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that CHR treatment inhibited the protein expression of iNOS compared with the Control group(P<0.001). Compared with CHR treatment group,CHR combined with Compound C treatment reversed the inhibitory effect of CHR on i NOS protein expression(P<0.05). Western blot results showed that compared with the Control group,the CHR treatment group had significant increase in the protein expression levels of p-AMPK and PGC-1α(P<0.001).Compared with CHR treatment group,CHR combined with Compound C treatment significantly decreased the protein expression levels of p-AMPK and PGC-1α(P<0.05). Conclusion Chrysophanol may inhibit macrophage polarization to M1 by activating AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis.