Objective:To investigate the correlation between concomitant diabetes mellitus and clinical features in patients with COVID-19.Methods:Fifty patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Sixth People′s Hospital of Shenyang were divided into 2 groups with and without diabetes mellitus. Indexes such as hospitalization days, duration of positive virus-PCR result, secondary infection, duration of fever, rate of liver dysfunction, and rate of cardiac injury were compared between 2 groups.Results:The average hospitalization durations of diabetes group and control group were(24.0±6.8) and(18.4±5.9) days, respectively, and the duration of positive virus-PCR testing results were(16.0±4.5) and(12.3±4.4) days respectively, suggesting longer hospital stay and longer time for virus clearance in the diabetes group than those in the control group(both P<0.05). The rates of secondary infection, severe subtype, liver dysfunction and cardiac injury in the diabetes group increased, though without significant difference( P>0.05). Conclusion:Prolonged duration of positive virus-PCR result and average days of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19 may be associated with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the clinical-pathological features, treatment and prognosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods A retrospective ana-lysis was carried out based on the clinical-pathological data for the treatment and prognosis of eight patients with LN related TIP. All patients had thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia, neurological symptoms and renal dysfunction. Six patients had fever. Results All 8 patients had sudden-onset of rapid progressive glomeurlonephritis (RPGN), one patient with continuous gross hematuria, the pathological features of these patients revealed TMA lesions. Immune suppressive therapy was initiated and blood purification therapy were applied in seven patients. Three cases had plasmapheresis and (or) immunoabsorption. One case was lost during follow-up, the other seven patients were followed with period at one year. One patient died, three patients went into peritoneal dialysis in which one of them was changed to hemodialysis finally. The other three patients had stable renal function. Conclusion The LN patients with TTP had severe clinical-patho-logical changes, rapid progressive and poor outcome, so we should diagnose and treat these patients as early as possible.

OBJECTIVETo investigate retrospectively the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA) in the treatment of membranous lupus nephropathy (MLN).

METHODSTwenty-four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and biopsy-proven MLN were treated with CsA in combination with prednisone. CsA was given at a starting dosage of 5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 3 months, with a 1 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) reduction every month and then maintained at a dosage of 2 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1). The dosage of oral prednisone differed from person to person according to levels of extra-renal activity. Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were retrospectively analyzed. Complete remission was defined as having a urinary proteinuria level (Upr) of < 0.4 g/d, and normal serum albumin and serum creatinine (SCr) levels, without SLE activity. Partial remission was defined as having a UPr decrement > 50% of baseline value and a serum albumin value of 30 - 35 g/L, without SLE activity. No response was defined as having a Upr decrement < 50% of baseline value and > 2.0 g/d, or as a deterioration of renal function, or as having active SLE.

RESULTSOne patient could no longer undergo follow-up, and the other 23 patients were treated with CsA and followed up for 6 - 36 months (mean 16.8 +/- 8.4 months). The mean starting dosage of CsA was 4.7 +/- 0.5) mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and the trough level of the whole blood CsA was 248 +/- 110) micro g/L. Twelve patients (52.2%) achieved complete remission, 10 patients (43.3%) achieved partial remission after CsA treatment, and one patient showed no response. At different CsA treatment timepoint, the complete remission rates were 17.4% (3rd month), 21.7% (6th month), 40% (12th month), 88.9% (18th month) and 100% (24th month) respectively. SCr elevation, when within a normal limit was not observed in most patients during early CsA administration, and at the end of the follow-up all the patients had a normal SCr. Relapse occurred in 33.3% of the patients after withdrawing CsA for 4 - 24 months. No chronic CsA renal toxicity was observed in 4 patients who had a repeat renal biopsy after CsA treatment for 6 - 24 months.

CONCLUSIONSCsA could be regarded as an effective therapy for patients with membranous lupus nephropathy, but its adverse effects, especially its nephrotoxicity, should be carefully monitored during CsA treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cyclosporine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis ; drug therapy ; Male ; Prednisone ; administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate retrospectively the incidence, distribution of primary disease and clinicopathologic characteristics of diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis (DCGN) in Chinese patients.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-two consecutive patients diagnosed as having DCGN out of 9828 cases of non-transplanting renal biopsies over sixteen years, were studied. DCGN is categorized into three types according to immunopathologic characteristics. The incidence of this disease, its primary diseases, clinical characteristics and serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) were analyzed.

RESULTSThe distribution of patients among the three classifications was 8.7% type I, 68.6% type II and 22.7% type III. Clinically, the majority of patients (69.8%) presented rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), but 30.2% manifested a chronic nephritic syndrome or chronic renal failure. In terms of related conditions, 93% were anemic, 61.6% had hypertension, 50.6% oliguria, 45.3% nephrotic syndrome, 43% uremic syndrome and 39.5% displayed gross hematuria. Those patients who were positive in serum for ANCAs had predominantly type III DCGN. Two cases with anti-GBM-antibody crescentic glomerulonephritis and three with lupus nephritis were also positive for ANCAs in serum.

CONCLUSIONDCGN is not rare in Chinese patients. A majority of patients in our study presented with RPGN, but 30.2% manifested a chronic renal failure. Lupus patients with DCGN that were positive for ANCAs had more severe vasculitic lesions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; classification ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective:To analyze and compare the clinicopathological characteristics in low weight proteinuria(LWP) and nephrotic proteinuria(NP) multiple myeloma(MM) patients with renal involvement.Methods:From October 1991 to October 2005,46 patients with MM were diagnosed in the Research Institute of Nephrology of Jinling Hospital(Nanjing,China).Renal biopsies were done in 41 of them.The patients were devided into two groups,LWP and NP groups.Their clinical and pathological features were investigated and compared. Results:The epidemiological features and type of MM in LWP and NP groups were similar.The patients in LWP group had higher incidence of D-S Ⅲ stage and heavier anaemia compared to NP group.Compared to patients in NP group,patients in LWP group had higher incidence of renal insufficiency and lower urine osmotic pressure.Part of patients checked urine N-acetyl-?-glucosaminidase,RBP and there were no difference between two groups.Cast nephropathy was the most frequent pathologic type in LWP group,while light chain deposition disease and glomerular amyloidosis were the most common pathologic type in NP group.Conclusion:According to this study,we get the conclusion that proteinuria analysis may be a significant test to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of MM patients with renal involvement.

Objective:To prepare human angiopoietin like protein 2(ANGPTL2) monoclonal antibody.Methods:The purified recombinant human ANGPTL2 was used to immunize BALB/c mice.Then,the mouse spleen cells were isolated and fused with mouse myeloma cells.After selecting with HAT medium and analyzing with ELISA assay,the hybridoma cell clones stably secreting human ANGPTL2 antibody were screened out.The monoclonal antibody against humain ANGPTL2 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation method from the supernatant liquid of hybridoma cell culture.Western blotting,Cell immunostaining,and immunohistochemisty staining were used to characterize the antibody.Results:A strain of hybridoma cell clones stably secreting human ANGPTL2 antibody was screened out.The ANGPTL2 monoclonal antibody prepared was proven useful. Conclusion:A monoclonal antibody against human ANGPTL2 was successfully prepared,which provide a basis for basic study of ANGPLTL2.

Objective: To construct an angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2) expression vector and obtain ANGPTL2 over-expression endothelial cell strains.Methods: Plasmid phrGFP-C was used to amplify hrGFP protein coding sequence by polymerase chain reaction.The amplified sequence was cloned into the A multiple cloning sites of pIRES to construct plasmid pIRES-hrGFP.Complementary oligonucleotides containing the recognition sequence of BamH I,Sal I,Xba I and SSe8387 I were synthesized,annealed and cloned into a BamH I site on the backbone of plasmid pIRES-hrGFP to obtain vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS.ANGPTL2 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR while human renal RNA was used as the templet and then inserted into the B multiple cloning sites of the vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS.The newly constructed ANGPTL2 expression vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS-ANGPTL2 was linearized by Xba I and introduced into human umbilical vein endothelial cells.ANGPTL2 over-expressed endothelial clones were screened out by G418 selection and identified by the expression levels of both hrGFP and ANGPTL2 genes in these cell clones.Results: The ANGPTL2 expression vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS-ANGPTL2 was constructed successfully and two ANGPTL2 over-expression endothelial strains were obtained.The cells displayed a significantly extended appearance quite different from that of the control cells.Conclusion: The successful construction of the ANGPTL2 expression vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS-ANGPTL2 and the obtainment of two ANGPTL2 over-expression HUVEC strains have paved the way for further investigation into the function of ANGPTL2 and its possible role in diabetic nephropathy.

Objective: ANGPTL2 is a newly found angiogenesis-associated protein.In the previous studies,we found that the renal expression of ANGPTL2 is involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy,but failed to reveal the exact distribution and synthesis of renal ANGPTL2.This study aimed to analyze the expression of the ANGPTL2 gene in the glomerulus and tubules in the kidney of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy and to determine the cells responsible for the synthesis of renal ANGPTL2.Methods: Glomerulus and tubules were microdissected from the renal tissue of diabetic db/db mice and the expression of ANGPTL2 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR.The distribution and synthesis of ANGPTL2 in the kidney of the db/db mice were determined by immunohistochemistry,dual-labeling immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy.Results: Significantly increased expression of ANGPTL2 mRNA was found in the glomeruli but not in the tubules of the diabetic db/db mice,as compared with the controls.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the ANGPTL2 protein was distributed in a podocyte-like pattern;dual-labeling immunofluorescence analysis showed colocalization of ANGPTL2 with WT1(Wilms' tumor 1,a marker of podocyte) staining,suggesting that renal ANGPTL2 was expressed specifically by podocytes,which was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy.Conclusion: ANGPTL2 is specifically expressed by podocytes in diabetic nephropathy mice.

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the safety and define the contraindication of regional citrate anticoagulation treatment on various critically ill patients being treated by continuous blood purification, who also had bleeding tendencies.

METHODSForty critically ill patients being treated by continuous blood purification (CBP) were involved in this study. Due to their bleeding tendencies, regional citrate anticoagulation treatment was given to all of them. Those with hepatic function impairment (n = 10) were classified as Group A, those with hypoxemia were classified as Group B (n = 10), and the others as Group C (n = 20). Blood samples were collected before treatment, and at 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hour intervals during CBP. These samples then were used arterial blood gas analysis, whole blood activated clotting time (WBACT) pre- and post-filter, and serum ionized calcium examination.

RESULTSWBACT pre-filter showed little fluctuant through the 48 hr period of CBP, and WBACT post-filter showed obvious prolongation than that of the pre-filter (P < 0.05) at all time points. Metabolic acidosis was found in Group A patients before CBP, and improved during CBP. Normal acid-base conditions of patients were disturbed and deteriorated in Group B during CBP, but not in Group C. Serum ionized calcium was maintained at a normal range during CBP in Group A and C patients, but declined significantly in Group B patients (vs. pre-treatment, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRegional citrate anticoagulation can be safely used in conjunction with CBP treatment for patients with hepatic function impairment, but may induce acidosis and a decline in serum ionized calcium when used with hypoxemic patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; Calcium ; blood ; Citric Acid ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells.

METHODSA human umbilical endothelium derived cell line (ECV-304) from ATCC was used in this study. The PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the endothelial cells were detected by Northern blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFbeta1 was determined by immunoprecipitation analysis and western blot.

RESULTSTGFbeta1 rapidly increased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the endothelial cells, and this effect lasted at least 24 hours. The upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGFbeta1 in endothelial cells was inhibited by rhein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhein inhibited endothelial PAI-1 protein production. Further study revealed that rhein had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFbeta1 in human endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONSOur results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases.

Anthraquinones ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1