In recent years, the study of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology in the heterogeneity of astrocytes (astrocytes) after spinal cord injury (SCI) has provided new perspectives on post-traumatic nerve regeneration and repair. To provide a review on the research progress of single-cell sequencing technology in astrocytes after spinal cord injury (SCI), and to more comprehensively and deeply elaborate the application of single-cell sequencing technology in the field of astrocytes after SCI. Single-cell sequencing technology can analyse the transcriptomes of individual cells in a high-throughput manner, thus revealing fine differences in cell types and states. By using single-cell sequencing technology, the heterogeneity of astrocytes after SCI and their association with nerve regeneration and repair were revealed. In conclusion, the application of single-cell sequencing technology provides an important tool to reveal the heterogeneity of astrocytes after SCI, to further explore the mechanisms of astrocytes in SCI, and to develop intervention strategies targeting their regulatory mechanisms in order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of SCI. The discovery of changes in astrocyte transcriptome dynamics has improved researchers' understanding of spinal cord injury lesion progression and provided new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury at different time points. To date, all of these findings need to be validated by more basic research and sufficient clinical trials. In the future, single-cell sequencing technology, through interdisciplinary collaboration with bioinformatics, computer science, tissue engineering, and clinical medicine, is expected to open a new window for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/cytology* ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods* ; Humans ; Animals ; Transcriptome ; Nerve Regeneration

Acute lung injury (ALI) has been a kind of acute and severe disease that is mainly characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to the production of huge amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung tissue. Given the critical role of ROS in ALI, a Fe₃O₄ loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocluster (BF) was developed to act as a nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI. Combining with NIR irradiation, it exhibited excellent ROS scavenging capacity. Significantly, it also displayed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced macrophages (RAW264.7), and Sprague Dawley rats via lowering intracellular ROS levels, reducing inflammatory factors expression levels, inducing macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios, as well as upregulating HSP70 and CD31 expression levels to reprogram redox homeostasis, reduce systemic inflammation, activate immunoregulation, and accelerate lung tissue repair, finally achieving the synergistic enhancement of ALI immunotherapy. It finally provides an effective therapeutic strategy of BF + NIR for the management of inflammation related diseases.

Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy, impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation. The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial, involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system, instrument-related factors, and instrumentation techniques. Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal, posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes. Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible, it carries risks including perforation, excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures. Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors, meticulous preoperative assessment, and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty. The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes. The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes, risk factors, and clinical management principles of instrument separation. By integrating effective strategies, endodontists can enhance decision-making, improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
Humans ; Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Root Canal Preparation/adverse effects*

Objective To analyze the efficacy of different intracavitary operations for calyceal diverticulum calculi,so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease.Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of 21 patients with calyceal diverticulum calculi was conducted during Jan.2015 and Dec.2021.The patients were divided into the retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS,n=14)group and percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL,n=7)group.The perioperative data were compared.Results There was no significant difference in stone load between the RIRS group and PCNL group[(11.56±4.79)mm vs.(13.06±6.27)mm,P=0.609].There were significant differences in the thickness of renal parenchyma at the top of the diverticulum[(10.08±4.81)mm vs.(5.24±2.23)mm,P=0.005],operation time[(58.57±19.23)min vs.(88.29±25.28)min,P=0.007],hospitalization time[3(1,5)vs.12(5,7),P=0.023]days.After operation,there were no significant differences in stone-clearance rate,decrease of hemoglobin,and postoperative complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Both RIRS and PCNL are viable options for treating renal calyceal diverticulum calculi.RIRS has advantages of shorter operation time and hospital stay.PCNL can be an alternative treatment when RIRS is unsuccessful.

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a class of molecular chaperones essential for maintaining protein homeostasis in cells. Hsp70s also play important roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases, which makes them potential targets for the treatment of these diseases. It is necessary to develop small molecule inhibitors to validate this class of important therapeutic targets. In recent years, the discovery of small molecule inhibitors for Hsp70s has made remarkable progress, and Hsp70 inhibitors with different modalities have been reported. In this paper, Hsp70 and relevant diseases are briefly introduced, and the discovery of Hsp70 small molecule inhibitors with distinct modalities are summarized, providing reference for the further discovery and development of Hsp70 small molecule inhibitors.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic,immunophenotypic features,genetic alterations and prognosis of melanotic Xp11 neoplasms/melanotic TFE3-rearrangement neo-plasms.Methods Five cases were selected from the Depart-ment of Pathology,Union Hospital,Huazhong University of Sci-ence and Technology from November 2018 to July 2023.The clinicopathologic,immunohistochemical,FISH assays,next-generation sequencing(NGS)and follow-up details were collect-ed.Results There were 1 male and 4 females,with their ages ranging from 16 to 59 years(mean 28.2 years).The maximum diameters of the masses were 3-6 cm(average 4.7 cm).The tumors located in right kidneys(3 cases),tubal interstitium(1 case)and pelvis(1 case).Microscopically,most tumors shared similar morphology such as nested,acinar structures sep-arated by a delicate vascular network.Epithelioid tumor cells presented with clear to granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.Lym-phocytic infiltration was seen in the background;melanin depo-sition was noted in the cases;neoplastic necrosis was detected in 4 cases.Mitotic activity was low with 5 cases showing＜3/10 HPF.Intravascular tumor thrombus was detected in 2 cases,no lymphovascular and nerve invasions were detected in other 3 ca-ses.Immunohistochemically,all 5 cases expressed TFE3 dif-fusely,and expressed HMB45,Melan A to varying degrees,CK(AE1/AE3),CK7,EMA,PAX8,TFEB,S-100,SOX10,SMA,desmin were all non-reactive in the 5 cases.The Ki67-la-beling index was＜20％.TFE3 separation signal in 4 cases were detected by FISH,1 case was interpreted as negative due to atypical signal which was confirmed by next-generation se-quencing(NGS)assay as RBM10-TFE3.Clinical follow-up was available for five patients for 2-60 months,in which four pa-tients were alive with no evidence of disease after initial resec-tion,and one patient with thoracic spine metastasis was currently in stable condition.Conclusion Melanotic Xp1 1 neoplasms/melanotic TFE3-rearrangement neoplasms has unique morpholog-ic,immunophenotypic and genetic characteristics.It might be reclassified into a distinctive malignant mesenchymal tumor enti-ty.

Objective·To investigate the effect of cancer-testis antigen family member CT57 on proliferation,migration and invasion of the human liver cancer cells and tumorigenesis in nude mice,and the possible mechanism.Methods·Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the differential expression of CT57 in several cancer tissues and normal tissues,and its effect on the prognosis of liver cancer patients.Lentiviral vectors were used to establish liver cancer cell lines with stable knockdown and overexpression of CT57,which were confirmed by Western blotting.CCK-8 cell proliferation assay,soft agar colony formation assay and cell cycle experiment were used to detect the effect of CT57 on the proliferation and colony formation ability of liver cancer cells.Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the effect of CT57 on the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells,and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers was detected by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).To explore the effect of CT57 on liver cancer cells in vivo,CT57 knockdown liver cancer cells(experimental group)and control liver cancer cells(control group)were used to conduct subcutaneous tumor formation experiments in nude mice.Results·Bioinformatics analysis of multiple tumors and corresponding normal tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas Program(TCGA)database showed that CT57 was highly expressed in most tumor tissues,including liver cancer,and the expression level of CT57 was significantly correlated with the prognosis of liver cancer patients.Cell proliferation assay,soft agar colony formation assay,and cell cycle experiment showed that knockdown of CT57 inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of liver cancer cells and led to cell cycle arrest.In wound healing and Transwell assays,knockdown of CT57 inhibited the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells,while overexpression of CT57 promoted it.The results of qRT-PCR indicated that overexpression of CT57 resulted in downregulation of epithelial cell markers ECAD(E-cadherin)and OCLN(occludin),and upregulation of mesenchymal cell markers VIM(vimentin),TWIST1(twist family bHLH transcription factor 1),and MMP2(matrix metallopeptidase 2).In the in vivo experiments,knockdown of CT57 significantly reduced the tumor formation rate of liver cancer cells,tumor volume,and tumor weight in nude mice.Conclusion·Knockdown of CT57 leads to cell cycle arrest,thereby inhibiting the proliferation of liver cancer cell and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice;CT57 promotes the invasion,migration and EMT of liver cancer cells.

Objective:To systematically review the current situation and risk factors of social isolation among elderly people in Chinese communities.Methods:The research on social isolation of elderly people in Chinese communities was electronically searched on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search period was from database establishment to August 1, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction, and used Stata 17.0 software to conduct Meta-analysis on the incidence and risk factors of social isolation among elderly people in the community.Results:A total of 29 articles were included, with a total of 49 713 samples. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of social isolation among elderly people in Chinese communities was 29.5%. Advanced age, education below college level, poor self-rated health, lack of exercise, coexistence of chronic diseases, impaired daily living activities, hearing loss, depression, lack of spouse, low family care, low social support, and low social participation were the main risk factors for social isolation among elderly people in the community ( OR ranging from 1.57 to 3.34, P<0.05) . Conclusions:The incidence of social isolation among elderly people in Chinese communities is high, and there are many risk factors. Medical and nursing staff should strengthen early screening for social isolation among the elderly and provide early intervention for the risk factors.

Objective Network pharmacology and animal experiments were performed to study and verify the therapeutic effect of Rhizoma Chuanxiong volatile oil on angina pectoris.Methods Volatile oil components were screened using steam distillation,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and oral bioavailability.Targets of these components were identified using Pubchem,SwissTarget,DisGeNET,and DrugBank databases as well as R language.Angina pectoris-related targets and intersection targets were obtained.Protein-protein interactions were analyzed using the STRING database.The ClusterProfiler package in R was used to analyze the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment of the intersecting targets,and Cytoscape was used to construct herbal-component-target-pathway networks.Molecular docking analysis was conducted using AutoDock Vina 1.2.3,Pymol 3.0,and Discovery Studio 2016 software to evaluate the affinity between key targets and the main volatile oil components.Finally,the therapeutic effect of Rhizoma Chuanxiong volatile oil on angina pectoris was verified by animal experiments.Results In total,10 volatile oil components and 22 key targets were identified.They were closely related to neurotransmitters,receptors on synaptic membranes,material metabolism,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,retinol metabolism,and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathways.The molecular docking result showed that 3-butylidenephthalide,alpha-selinene,trans-ligustilide,and other volatile oil components combined with several key targets play therapeutic roles.Animal experiments showed that the volatile oil of Rhizoma Chuanxiong can regulate the ejection fraction,fractional shortening,stroke volume,and left ventricular internal diameter in systole and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase;promote the expression of ADRA1A and CHRM5 proteins in damaged cardiomyocytes;improve the state of myocardial fibers;reduce intercellular space;and reduce inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions The volatile oil of Ligusticum wallichii can effectively protect damaged myocardial tissue and thus has a role in treating angina pectoris.