Objectives: . This study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neural circuits from the inferior colliculus (IC) to the medial geniculate body (MGB) in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Methods: . Mice were treated with salicylate to induce tinnitus, and tinnitus-like behaviors were evaluated via gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Using combined viral tracing methodologies, we identified and mapped the pathways and connections from the IC to the MGB. Furthermore, we employed Gq-coupled human M3 designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and Gi-coupled human M4 DREADDs to achieve targeted excitation or suppression of GABAergic neurons in the IC and MGB. Following the administration of clozapine N-oxide, which binds to these receptors, we modulated these neural circuits to assess their impact on tinnitus severity in a mouse model. Results: . Our findings demonstrated that mice exposed to salicylate exhibited tinnitus-like behaviors. GABAergic neurons projecting retrogradely from the MGB to the IC were primarily concentrated in the external nucleus of the IC. After clozapine N-oxide administration, chemogenetic activation of IC-MGB GABAergic neurons aggravated salicylate-induced tinnitus. Additionally, activation of GABAergic neurons between the IC and MGB induced the perception of tinnitus even without salicylate. However, chemogenetic inhibition of the IC-MGB GABAergic circuit did not reverse salicylate-induced tinnitus. Conclusion . These findings suggest that activation of the IC-MGB GABAergic neural circuit may contribute to tinnitus generation through a mechanism distinct from that of salicylate-induced tinnitus. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tinnitus.

Objective·To detect the expression level of Fas-associated protein with death domain(FADD)in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)and to explore the molecular mechanisms by which FADD promotes the proliferation of HNSCC cells.Methods·The GEPIA 2 database was utilized to analyze the expression level of FADD in tumor tissues and to evaluate its association with prognosis.Immunohistochemistry staining(IHC)was performed on HNSCC tissues to investigate the changes in FADD expression levels in normal,dysplastic,and tumor tissues.Stable FADD-knockdown Fadu and HSC3 cell lines were constructed and validated using Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).The regulatory effect of FADD on the proliferation of HNSCC cells was explored using the LiveCyte live-cell tracking system,colony formation assay,and cell viability assay.Proteins interacting with FADD were identified by co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry(Co-IP/MS),and further mechanistic studies were conducted using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,LiveCyte live-cell tracking system,and Western blotting.Results·Analysis of the GEPIA2 database indicated that FADD was significantly overexpressed in head and neck cancer and was associated with poor prognosis.IHC staining showed that FADD expression levels progressively increased from normal to dysplastic to tumor tissues in HNSCC patients.Knockdown of FADD in HNSCC cells resulted in significantly reduced proliferation and colony formation compared to the control group.Co-IP/MS results showed that FADD interacted with the CUX1 protein,and FADD knockdown led to increased CUX1 expression.Moreover,CUX1 knockdown significantly promoted HNSCC cell proliferation and reversed the anti-proliferative phenotype caused by FADD knockdown.Conclusion·FADD plays a significant pro-carcinogenic role in HNSCC and is associated with poor prognosis.FADD can further regulate tumor cell proliferation by interacting with CUX1 and suppressing its expression level.

Hypothermia is a clinical syndrome characterized by core body temperature<35℃,caused by significant heat loss from body surface in cold environment.As a systemic cold injury,it can be lethal if treatment is delayed.Emergent diagnosis and treatment of hypothermia are expected to improve the prognosis of patients.In 2005,the U.S.Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine(USARIEM)issued guidelines for the prevention and management of cold injuries,but there has been no corresponding standard in China.Therefore,Emergency Branch of Chinese Medical Rescue Association,Emergency Medical Equipment Society of China Association of Medical Equipment,Integrated Rehabilitation Medical Branch of Chinese Medical Rescue Association,and Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Working Committee of Chinese Aging Well Association jointly developed the Chinese Expert Consensus on Emergent Treatment of Hypothermia(2025 edition).The consensus covers the pathophysiology,etiology and epidemiology,diagnosis and severity grading,prehospital treatment,and in-hospital treatment of hypothermia,including 15 recommendations in total,aiming to provide guidance for the relevant clinical rescue work.

AIM To observe the effects of Yiqi Jiedu Tongluo Formula(YQJDTL)on renal microvascular endothelial function and prevention of renal injury in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS The SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group.The model group was administered with high-fat diet combined with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ to establish the T2DM model.The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group,the canagliflozin group(9 mg/kg),and the low-dose and high-dose YQJDTL groups(4.77,9.45 g/kg).The corresponding doses of the drug were administered by gavage for a total of 12 weeks,during which the rats underwent observation of their general condition and blood glucose changes.After the end of administration,the rats had their levels of renal index,24-hour UP,serum SCr,BUN,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,ET-1 and NOS measured;their changes in renal microvasculature and the degree of renal fibrosis observed using HE staining,Masson staining,PAS staining,and PASM staining;their ultrastructure of the glomeruli observed using transmission electron microscopy;their renal protein expressions of TGF-β,SMAD2,SMAD3,Col-1,VEGFA and PKC detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot;and their renal mRNA expressions of VEGFA,TGF-β,SMAD2 determined by RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the high-dose YQJDTL group showed decreased levels of renal index,blood glucose,TG,TC,HDL,24 h UP,BUN,SCr and ET-1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);increased LDL and NOS levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);reduced renal inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis degree,inhibited fusion of foot processes and thickening of basement membrane;decreased renal protein expressions of TGF-β,SMAD2,SMAD3,VEGFA,PKC and Col-1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decreased mRNA expressions of VEGFA,TGF-β and SMAD2(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION In the rat models of T2DM,YQJDTL can reduce their levels of blood glucose and lipids by improving the renal indices levels and the renal microvascular endothelial functions to alleviate renal fibrosis and microangiopathy as well,and the mechanism may be associated with the down-regulated expressions of TGF-β/SMAD and VEGF pathway-related proteins.

Objective To measure and analyze anatomic parameters of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias in Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD)and osteoarthritic(OA)knees which fit for total knee arthroplasty(TKA),so as to provide basis for designing suitable knee prosthesis for KBD patients.Methods A total of 154 knees(75 KBD and 79 OA)fitting for TKA underwent three-dimensional reconstruction;resection of distal femurs and proximal tibias was simulated during TKA.We measured the distal femoral mediolateral(fML),lateral anteroposterior(fLAP),medial anteroposterior(fMAP),medial condylar width(fMCW),lateral condylar width(fLCW)and fML/fLAP aspect ratio,proximal tibial mediolateral(tML),middle anteroposterior(tAP),medial anteroposterior(tMAP),lateral anteroposterior(tLAP)dimension,and tML/tAP aspect ratio to compare the morphometric differences between KBD and OA knees.Results The measured anatomic parameters of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias in both male and female patients of KBD group were smaller than those of OA knees(P＜0.01).We also found that KBD group had larger distal femur fML/fLAP and proximal tibia tML/tAP aspect ratios than those of OA knees(P＜0.01).This indicated that under a given AP dimension,KBD knees need an oval-shaped prosthesis with a wider ML length and more spherical-shaped prosthesis with relatively narrow ML dimensions in OA knees.Conclusion The anatomy of distal femurs and proximal tibias shows significant differences in size and shape between KBD and OA knees,which provides theoretical basis for designing proper knee prosthesis for KBD patients.

Objective To develop a carriage-type field operating unit with advantages in mobility and rapid deployment to solve the problems of the traditional field operating equipment in flexibility and environmental adaptability.Methods The carriage-type field operating unit was made based on a BEIBEN TRUCK transport vehicle platform with external and internal modifications.The external modification involved a hydraulic loading platform with a capacity of 2 t and electric lifting function at the rear of the carriage and an external equipment compartment at the bottom.The internal modification included area renovation,tarp modification,facility remodeling and equipment configuration.Results The carriage-type field operating unit behaved better than the traditional field operating vehicle and operating shelter in deployment time,infection control,mobility,temperature control,etc.Conclusion The carriage-type field operating unit gains advantages in mobility,rapid deployment and complete supporting facilities,and can be used as a relatively independent field surgical unit.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):113-117]

Objective·To detect the expression level of Fas-associated protein with death domain(FADD)in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)and to explore the molecular mechanisms by which FADD promotes the proliferation of HNSCC cells.Methods·The GEPIA 2 database was utilized to analyze the expression level of FADD in tumor tissues and to evaluate its association with prognosis.Immunohistochemistry staining(IHC)was performed on HNSCC tissues to investigate the changes in FADD expression levels in normal,dysplastic,and tumor tissues.Stable FADD-knockdown Fadu and HSC3 cell lines were constructed and validated using Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).The regulatory effect of FADD on the proliferation of HNSCC cells was explored using the LiveCyte live-cell tracking system,colony formation assay,and cell viability assay.Proteins interacting with FADD were identified by co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry(Co-IP/MS),and further mechanistic studies were conducted using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,LiveCyte live-cell tracking system,and Western blotting.Results·Analysis of the GEPIA2 database indicated that FADD was significantly overexpressed in head and neck cancer and was associated with poor prognosis.IHC staining showed that FADD expression levels progressively increased from normal to dysplastic to tumor tissues in HNSCC patients.Knockdown of FADD in HNSCC cells resulted in significantly reduced proliferation and colony formation compared to the control group.Co-IP/MS results showed that FADD interacted with the CUX1 protein,and FADD knockdown led to increased CUX1 expression.Moreover,CUX1 knockdown significantly promoted HNSCC cell proliferation and reversed the anti-proliferative phenotype caused by FADD knockdown.Conclusion·FADD plays a significant pro-carcinogenic role in HNSCC and is associated with poor prognosis.FADD can further regulate tumor cell proliferation by interacting with CUX1 and suppressing its expression level.

Healthy female rabbits aged 3.5 to 4.0 months were randomly divided into four groups:the white light group(control group A),the green light group(treatment group B),the red light group(treatment group C)and the blue light group(treatment group D)with 3 replicates in each group,and 12 rabbits in each replicate.The light intensity was set to 80 lx,and the light was 16 h per day for 6 days before artificial insemination.Three reproductive cycles were carried out to de-termine the reproductive performance of female rabbits under different light colors,such as the number of fetuses,total litter size,weaning litter weight and serum reproductive hormone content.The results showed that,according to the comprehensive statistics of three breeding cycles:(1)the melatonin levels in the green group and red group were significantly lower than those in white group(P＜0.01),and the green group was significantly lower than the blue group(P＜0.05);the levels of luteinizing hormone in green group and red group were significantly higher than those in white group(P＜0.01);the follicle stimulating hormone in the green group was significantly high-er than in white group(P＜0.05);the estradiol content in the green group was significantly higher than that in the white group and blue group(P＜0.01),and significantly higher than that in the red group(P＜0.05).(2)the conception rate of the group was significantly higher than that of the white group(P＜0.01),and significantly higher than that of the red group and blue group(P＜0.05).(3)the number of rabbits in the green group at 30 days of age was significantly higher than that in the red group and the blue group(P＜0.05),and the litter weight at 30 days of age was significantly higher than that in the red group and the blue group(P＜0.01),and significantly higher than that in the white group(P＜0.05).In conclusion,the LED light belt is controlled by a dynamic light control system,the light intensity is set to 80 lx,and the light is 16 h a day for 6 d before artificial insemination.Green light can reduce the serum melatonin of Fujian white rabbits,which has the best comprehensive effect on the same period of conception rate and reproductive performance of Fujian white rabbits.

Objective:To explore the guiding significance of Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS) for the fertility process of individuals undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in Dalian.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the ECS results of patients who visited the Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Center (Group) from January 2023 to June 2024. The study included the screening of 155 monogenic diseases and the ART status of carrier couples.Results:Among the 1 384 patient samples, 490 carriers were identified, yielding a detection rate of 35.41% (490/1 384). A total of 100 diseases and 91 pathogenic genes were detected. The most frequently identified disease was autosomal recessive hearing loss type 4 (SLC26A4), with a carrier rate of 3.54% (49/1384). For the 490 carriers, their partners were recalled for testing and, 322 partners participated. Eight high-risk couples were identified, accounting for 2.48% (8/322). Among the 322 couples, 4 used artificial insemination by husband (AIH, 1.24%, 4/322), 166 used in vitro fertilization (IVF, 51.55%, 166/322), 139 used intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI, 43.17%, 139/322), and 1 underwent preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M, 0.31%, 1/322). Twelve couples (3.73%, 12/322) did not undergo ART, were not pregnant, or chose gamete donation. Among the eight high-risk couples, three underwent IVF, four underwent ICSI, and one underwent PGT-M. One couple conceived through ICSI, and the fetus was followed up. Amniotic fluid Sanger sequencing revealed that the fetus had compound heterozygous mutations in the PAH gene, with two suspected pathogenic variants at c.532G>A and c.1174T>A. One couple undergoing PGT-M currently has one retrieved oocyte and zero usable blastocysts. The embryo carries a paternal mutation and is aneuploid.Conclusions:This study not only identified the common pathogenic diseases in Dalian, providing a reference for clinical treatment, but also validated the critical significance of ECS for individuals undergoing ART.

Objective To develop and validate a nomogram model that integrates systemic inflammatory markers to predict the likelihood of pelvic lymph node metastasis(PLNM)in prostate cancer patients prior to surgery.Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and preoperative inflammatory markers—including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR)—of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.Univariate and multi-variate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify markers that were significantly associated with PLNM.Based on the results of the multivariate analysis,a nomogram was developed and its predictive accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC)and calibration plots.Results Among the 334 enrolled patients with prostate cancer,107 were identified with PLNM.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in free prostate-specific antigen(fPSA),Gleason score,NLR,PLR,MLR,and SII between the PLNM and non-pelvic lymph node metastasis(NPLNM)groups(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis confirmed that fPSA,Gleason score,and SII were independent predictors of PLNM(P<0.05).A nomogram incorporating these predic-tors exhibited strong discriminative ability,with an area under the ROC curve(AUC)of 0.79(95%CI:0.73～0.84).Calibration analysis further demonstrated good consistency between the predicted and observed probabilities of PLNM.Conclusions This study successfully developed a nomogram model based on systemic inflammatory markers for preoperative prediction of pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer.Owing to its user-friendly design and high predictive accuracy,this tool may serve as a valuable complementary method to conventional imaging techniques,thereby supporting personalized treatment decision-making.