Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of alternative instructional approaches, including distance and online learning. This study aimed to determine factors associated with preference for online learning modality among medical students at a private medical school in the National Capital Region (NCR). Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 367 medical students using convenience sampling. Participants completed an online survey assessing preferred learning modality, general anxiety, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with online learning. Factors associated with preference for online learning were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results: Most respondents (79.3%) preferred traditional face-to-face learning, whereas 20.7% preferred online learning. Male students were more likely to prefer online learning than female students (OR = 2.19, p = 0.003). Married students were more likely to prefer online learning than unmarried students (OR = 9.71, p = 0.021). Students who reported greater satisfaction with their online learning experience were more likely to prefer online learning (OR = 2.28, p = 0.024). Self-efficacy demonstrated a borderline association with preference for online learning (OR = 0.42, p = 0.053). Conclusion Sex, civil status, and satisfaction with online learning were significantly associated with preference for online learning modality. Self-efficacy demonstrated a borderline association. Despite the increased use of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, most respondents continued to prefer traditional face-to-face instruction.
Education ; Anxiety ; Self-efficacy

Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder of collagen with skeletal and extraskeletal manifestations that affect airway and anesthetic management of patients with the disease. This paper aimed to report a case of a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta for abdominal hysterectomy, discuss the anesthetic considerations of patients with the disease, describe balanced anesthesia using high dose dexmedetomidine as a primary agent and, use of ProSeal LMA for airway management. A 44- year old female with osteogenesis imperfecta is scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy for molar pregnancy. Airway management was achieved with a ProSeal LMA, and surgery was conducted using balanced anesthesia with high dose dexmedetomidine, midazolam, fentanyl, atracurium and O2- nitrous oxide. Dexmedetomidine was given at concentrations ranging from 0.7 mcg/kg/hr to 3mcg/kg/hr without untoward adverse effects. No complications were observed intraoperatively and in the immediate postoperative period. Dexmedetomidine is demonstrated to be safe and effective when used as part of a balanced anesthesia for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Likewise, the airway can be reliably managed with the use of a ProSeal LMA.
Human ; Female ; Adult ; OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA ; DEXMEDETOMIDINE ; ANESTHESIA ; AIRWAY MANAGEMENT