Ultra micro angiography (UMA) can effectively improve the sensitivity and spatial resolution of blood flow imaging. To further meet the clinical requirements of quantitative measurements for microvascular imaging, this article demonstrated technical features and performance verification results of the microflow quantitative analysis function, which was developed based on the UMA function. This article provided preliminary validation of the measurement of Synchronous Arbitrary Gate-PW (SAG-PW) using a Doppler flow phantom and a moving string phantom. The Doppler flow phantom results demonstrated that the SAG-PW measurement values were close to the traditional PW results, and the average error of multiple sets of measurement results under different conditions was 3.9%. The results of SAG-PW and PW were strongly linearly correlated, with the slope and correlation coefficient approaching 1. The results of the moving string phantom demonstrated that the relative errors of TAMean and SAG-PW with different phantom set values were within 10%.
Phantoms, Imaging ; Ultrasonography, Doppler/instrumentation* ; Microvessels/diagnostic imaging*

Objective:To investigate the differences of close and distance strabismus degree and spherical equivalence of the students with intermittent exotropia (IXT), exophoria and orthophoria in physical examination of civil aviation recruitment.Methods:The ophthalmic examination data of 13 551 students, who failed in ophthalmology examination of civil aviation recruitment in Chengdu Civil Aviation Medical Center during 2016 to 2020, were collected and analyzed. The yearly trends of their visual, diopter and strabismus failure rates were analyzed. From 2019 to 2020, 69 cases of IXT without vertical strabismus (IXT group), 155 cases of exophoria (exophoria group) and 114 cases of orthophoria (orthophoria group) were found in ophthalmic examination. IXT group was further divided into well-controlled group (55 cases) and badly-controlled group (14 cases) by the eye position controlling ability. Exophoria group was further divided into close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group (98 cases) and >-6 Δ group (57 cases). The myopia rate, spherical equivalent, distance strabismus degree were compared respectively between the well-controlled group and badly-controlled group, close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group and >-6 Δ group, and well-controlled group and close strabismus >-6 Δ group. Results:From 2016 to 2020, the failure rates of diopter and strabismus among the unqualified students in ophthalmology examination of civil aviation recruitment showed an increasing trend. There were significant differences on the degrees of myopia and distance strabismus among different eye position groups ( χ2/ F=93.23, 44.94, 94.04, 365.63, all P<0.001). The spherical equivalence and distance strabismus degree in exophoria group were higher than those in IXT group (both P<0.05). The myopia rate and distance strabismus degree in orthophoria group were lower than those in IXT and exophoria groups (all P<0.05), and the spherical equivalence was higher than that in IXT and exophoria groups (both P<0.05). There were significant differences in diopter detection rates (all P<0.05). Compared with the badly-controlled group, the spherical equivalence of the well-controlled group was lower and the distance strabismus degree was higher, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.24, 2.89, both P<0.05). Compared with the close strabismus >-6 Δ group, the close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group had higher distance strabismus degree, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.72, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in myopia rate and spherical equivalence between the 2 groups. The spherical equivalence and the distance strabismus degree of the well-controlled group were lower than those of the close strabismus >-6 Δ group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.23, 14.90, P=0.001, <0.001), while there was no significant difference in myopia rate between the 2 groups. Conclusions:The myopia rate and the degree of myopia and distance strabismus in IXT group are the highest, followed by esotropia and orthotropic group.

Objective:To investigate the differences of close and distance strabismus degree and spherical equivalence of the students with intermittent exotropia (IXT), exophoria and orthophoria in physical examination of civil aviation recruitment.Methods:The ophthalmic examination data of 13 551 students, who failed in ophthalmology examination of civil aviation recruitment in Chengdu Civil Aviation Medical Center during 2016 to 2020, were collected and analyzed. The yearly trends of their visual, diopter and strabismus failure rates were analyzed. From 2019 to 2020, 69 cases of IXT without vertical strabismus (IXT group), 155 cases of exophoria (exophoria group) and 114 cases of orthophoria (orthophoria group) were found in ophthalmic examination. IXT group was further divided into well-controlled group (55 cases) and badly-controlled group (14 cases) by the eye position controlling ability. Exophoria group was further divided into close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group (98 cases) and >-6 Δ group (57 cases). The myopia rate, spherical equivalent, distance strabismus degree were compared respectively between the well-controlled group and badly-controlled group, close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group and >-6 Δ group, and well-controlled group and close strabismus >-6 Δ group. Results:From 2016 to 2020, the failure rates of diopter and strabismus among the unqualified students in ophthalmology examination of civil aviation recruitment showed an increasing trend. There were significant differences on the degrees of myopia and distance strabismus among different eye position groups ( χ2/ F=93.23, 44.94, 94.04, 365.63, all P<0.001). The spherical equivalence and distance strabismus degree in exophoria group were higher than those in IXT group (both P<0.05). The myopia rate and distance strabismus degree in orthophoria group were lower than those in IXT and exophoria groups (all P<0.05), and the spherical equivalence was higher than that in IXT and exophoria groups (both P<0.05). There were significant differences in diopter detection rates (all P<0.05). Compared with the badly-controlled group, the spherical equivalence of the well-controlled group was lower and the distance strabismus degree was higher, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.24, 2.89, both P<0.05). Compared with the close strabismus >-6 Δ group, the close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group had higher distance strabismus degree, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.72, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in myopia rate and spherical equivalence between the 2 groups. The spherical equivalence and the distance strabismus degree of the well-controlled group were lower than those of the close strabismus >-6 Δ group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.23, 14.90, P=0.001, <0.001), while there was no significant difference in myopia rate between the 2 groups. Conclusions:The myopia rate and the degree of myopia and distance strabismus in IXT group are the highest, followed by esotropia and orthotropic group.

Objective:To explore the prevalence of refractive error and status of corneal refractive surgery (CRS) in civil pilots, so as to provide data support for medical examination of ophthalmology department.Methods:Pilots who applied for grade Ⅰ CCAR-121 certification and received the annual physical examination of southwest district in 2018 were selected as subjects in this study. The detailed data of pilots with CRS or after corneal refractive surgery were recorded combined with the related diseases history inquiry and ophthalmic examination. Prevalence of refractive error and CRS were compared among different age groups and between genders.Results:Out of 8 888 cases, 2 053 (23.10%) pilots were with refractive error, 113 (5.50%) pilots were operated with CRS. There were statistical significance on the prevalence of refractive error and the proportion of CRS in different age groups ( χ2=128.76, 98.52, P<0.01). The prevalence of refractive error was relatively higher in the age group of 20-29 yrs and 50-63 yrs. Conclusions:The prevalence of refractive error in civil pilots is markedly higher than before. The proportion of the pilots with refractive errors and operated by CRS is low and the age is relatively concentrated.

Objective:To explore the prevalence of refractive error and status of corneal refractive surgery (CRS) in civil pilots, so as to provide data support for medical examination of ophthalmology department.Methods:Pilots who applied for grade Ⅰ CCAR-121 certification and received the annual physical examination of southwest district in 2018 were selected as subjects in this study. The detailed data of pilots with CRS or after corneal refractive surgery were recorded combined with the related diseases history inquiry and ophthalmic examination. Prevalence of refractive error and CRS were compared among different age groups and between genders.Results:Out of 8 888 cases, 2 053 (23.10%) pilots were with refractive error, 113 (5.50%) pilots were operated with CRS. There were statistical significance on the prevalence of refractive error and the proportion of CRS in different age groups ( χ2=128.76, 98.52, P<0.01). The prevalence of refractive error was relatively higher in the age group of 20-29 yrs and 50-63 yrs. Conclusions:The prevalence of refractive error in civil pilots is markedly higher than before. The proportion of the pilots with refractive errors and operated by CRS is low and the age is relatively concentrated.