Objective To investigate the application of susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI)and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)parameters in clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI).Methods Forty-four mTBI patients were enrolled for observation group,and 32 healthy volunteers were selected as controls.All the patients underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),SWI and DTI scanning of the brain.Fractional anisotropy(FA)and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)were measured in regions of interest(frontal lobe,genu of corpus callosum,external capsule,internal capsule,thalamus,splenium of corpus callosum,and semioval center).The Glasgow outcome Scale-Extended for traumatic brain injury(GOSE)-TBI was used to evaluate the prognosis at 6 months after discharge.FA and ADC values were compared between two groups by t-test.Correlations between imaging parameters and prognosis were analyzed by Spearman test.Results SWI showed microhemorrhages in 88.6%mTBI patients,with a mean number of 2.36±1.26(range 0-5)and a mean area of(349.48±225.82)mm2.The mean GOSE-TBI score was 7.50±0.51(range 7-8)in the observation group at 6 months after discharge,with 50.00%(22/44)of the patients scored 8.The hemorrhage area was negatively correlated with the GOSE-TBI score(P<0.001).The FA values of the frontal lobe,genu of corpus callosum and left internal capsule in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the FA value of the thalamus between the two groups(P>0.05).The FA values of the frontal lobe and genu of corpus callosum were positively correlated with the GOSE-TBI score(P<0.001).The FA values of the internal capsule and corpus callosum splenium were negatively correlated with the GOSE-TBI score(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the ADC values between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion SWI can sensitively detect microbleeds in mTBI patients.DTI shows mild white matter injury in mTBI patients.FA value is related to the GOSE-TBI score,and is a sensitive index for evaluating the severity and prognosis of mTBI.

Objective:To investigate the influences of SCN3A gene polymorphism(c.905A>G/p.N302S and c. 1441C>T/p.L481L) on the efficacy of valproic acid sodium in the treatment of Zhuangzu epilepsies.Methods:Using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)technique and the way of direct sequence, the SCN3A gene c. 905A>G/p.N302S and c. 1441C>T/p.L481L genotypes in peripheral blood were detected in 244 epileptic patients (85 cases in effective group and 139 cases of ineffective group) in the standardized treatment of valproic acid sodium.The blood concentration of valproic acid sodium was detected by LC-MS.Evaluating the correlation between the genotype and alleles of two groups of patients and the efficacy of valproic acid sodium and analyzing the difference of valproic acid sodium's blood concentration between different genotypes.The linkage disequilibrium of c. 905A>G/p.N302S and c. 1441C>T/p.L481L were analyzed by software SHEsis.Results:The allele and genotype distribution in c. 905A>G/p.N302S loci between effective group(A, G allele: 50.6%, 49.4%, AA, AG, GG genotype: 27.1%, 47.1%, 25.8%) and ineffective group(A, G allele: 37.4%, 62.6%, AA, AG, GG genotype: 16.6%, 41.7%, 41.7%) had statistically significant difference(χ 2=7.501, P=0.006; χ 2=7.907, P=0.019). There was no significant difference in allele and genotype distribution of c. 1441C>T/p.L481L loci between effective group(C, T allele: 47.1%, 52.9%, CC, CT, TT genotype: 23.5%, 47.1%, 29.4%) and ineffective group(C, T allele: 38.8%, 61.2%, CC, CT, TT genotype: 18.7%, 40.3%, 41.0%)(χ 2=2.920, P=0.088; χ 2=3.099, P=0.212). Compared with the AA + AG genotype, the GG genotype at c. 905A>G/p.N302S locus significantly reduced the efficacy of valproic acid sodium ( OR=2.051, 95% CI=1.136-3.703). Compared with genotypes AA+ AG, there were no significant differences in blood concentration of genotype GG of c. 905A>G/p.N302S ( t=3.256, P=0.137). Compared with genotypes CC+ CT, there were no significant differences in blood concentration of genotype TT of c. 1441C>T/p.L481L( t=4.628, P=0.082). c.905A>G/p.N302S and c. 1441C>T/p.L481L were without linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion:These results suggest that the single nucleotide polymorphisms of c. 905A>G/p.N302S in SCN3A genes may play a role in the resistivity of valproic acid sodium in Zhuangzu epilepsies.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, molecular characteristics and prognosis of spread through air space (STAS) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-eight lung adenocarcinoma patients with complete clinicopathologic and follow-up data were included. The patients were divided into STAS positive (178 cases) and negative (110 cases) groups.EGFR and KRAS gene mutations were detected by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), and ALK and ROS1 gene fusion were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization method. The relationship between STAS and clinicopathologic, molecular features, and patient outcome was analyzed. Results: STAS was present in 61.8%(178/288) of lung adenocarcinomas. The positive rate of STAS in tumors >3 cm was significantly higher than that in tumors ≤3 cm (P=0.009), and was significantly higher in tumors with pleural invasion (P<0.01), venous invasion (P<0.01), lymphatic invasion (P<0.01), perineural invasion (P=0.029) and tumors with necrosis (P<0.01). STAS was also correlated with tumor recurrence (P<0.01) and advanced pathologic TNM stage (P=0.002). There was no significant correlation with patients′ gender, age and smoking history. Histologically, STAS was present in 58.0%(91/157), 67.6%(50/74), 2/6, 64.3%(27/42) and 8/9 of acinar, papillary, lepidic, solid and micropapillary adenocarcinomas, respectively. In addition, the positive rates of STAS in tumor with micropapillary (>5%) and without micropapillary pattern were 80.9%(55/68) and 55.9%(123/220), respectively (P<0.01). STAS was significantly higher in EGFR negative group (P=0.034), ALK gene rearrangement group (P=0.003) and ROS1 gene rearrangement group (P=0.012), but there was no significant correlation with KRAS mutation. Univariate survival analysis showed that patients with STAS had a shorter progression-free survival (PFS, P<0.01) and overall survival (P=0.013). Multivariate analysis confirmed that STAS was an independent predictor of PFS in lung adenocarcinoma patients (HR: 2.749, 95%CI: 1.550-4.876, P=0.001). Conclusions The presence of STAS in lung adenocarcinoma suggests high risk of recurrence and invasion and is thus an important prognostic factor. In addition, STAS is associated with EGFR mutation, ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangement.

Salidroside, the 8-O-beta-D-glucoside of tyrosol, is a novel adaptogenic drug extracted from the medicinal plant Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. Due to the scarcity of R. sachalinensis and its low yield of salidroside, there is great interest in enhancing the production of salidroside by biotechnological process. Glucosylation of tyrosol is thought to be the final step in salidroside biosynthesis. In our related works, three UGT clones were isolated from the roots and the cultured cells. Our intention was to combine the catalytic specificity of these UGTs in vitro in order to change the level of salidroside in vivo by over-expression of the above UGTs. However, as the aglycone substrate of salidroside, the biosynthetic pathway of tyrosol and its regulation are less well understood. The results of related studies revealed that there are two different possibilities for the tyrosol biosynthetic pathway. One possibility is that tyrosol is produced from a p-coumaric acid precursor, which is derived mainly from phenylalanine. The second possibility is that the precursor of tyrosol might be tyramine, which is synthesized from tyrosine. Our previous work demonstrated that over-expression of the endogenous phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PALrs1) and accumulation of p-coumaric acid did not facilitate tyrosol biosynthesis. In contrast, the data presented in our recent work provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that the tyrosine decarboxylase (RsTyrDC) is most likely to have an important function in the initial reaction of the salidroside biosynthesis pathway in R. Sachalinensis.
Genetic Engineering ; Glucosides ; biosynthesis ; Glycosylation ; Phenols ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Rhodiola ; metabolism ; Tyrosine ; metabolism ; Tyrosine Decarboxylase ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo study the effect of enriched rehabilitative training on the functional recovery and neuronal dentritic growth following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Methods32 male Wistar rats,weighting 180～200 g,were randomly divided into a ischemic group(n=16) and a sham-operation group(n=16) after beforehand trainings.Rats were subjected to 2 h of right middle cerebral artery occlusion before reperfusion.After surgery,the ischemic group were randomly divided into a ischemia + enrichment(IE) group and a ischemia + standard housing(IS) group;the sham-operation group were randomly divided into a sham + enrichment(SE) group and a sham + standard housing(SS) group.After 24 h reperfusion,IE and SE groups were housed in enriched cages,and given enriched rehabilitative training according to the scheme.At the same time,IS and SS groups were housed in standard cages without any training.The functions of 4 groups were evaluated at 24 h,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 week after operation.Dentritic growth of layer V pyramidal cells of the undamaged forelimb motor cortex was examined using Golgi-Cox procedure.ResultsIE group showed better function than IS group in all behavioral test.There was no significant difference in limb-placement test at 3 weeks(P>0.05) and in footfault test at 4 weeks(P>0.05) after operation between IE and SE group.The mean of basilar dentrite branching points in IE group was significantly greater than that of other groups(P<0.01).ConclusionEnriched rehabilitative training can promote functional recovery and enhance neural plasticity after cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in rats.