The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) control natural killer (NK) cells development and cytotoxic functions, however, whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in this pathway remains unknown. We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells, without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155. Mechanistically, miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression, thereby promoting the JAK-STAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function. Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation, STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription. Collectively, we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-STAT signaling. Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer, especially iPSC-derived NK cells.

Purpose: To understand the recurrence risk perception of stroke patients and develop a chain mediation model of recurrence risk perception and health behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study and convenience sampling were used. Stroke survivors were recruited from the neurology departments of three tertiary hospitals. Their recurrence risk perception, behavioral decision-making, social support, self-efficacy, recurrence worry, and health behavior were measured by relevant tools. Data was analyzed through one-way analysis and regression analysis, and the AMOS 21.0 software was used to explore the mediating relationships between variables. Results: Of the 419 participants, 74.7% were aware of stroke recurrence risk. However, only 28.2% could accurately estimate their own recurrence risk. Recurrence risk perception was significantly correlated with behavioral decision-making, social support, self-efficacy, and health behavior (r = .19 ∼ .50, p < .05). Social support and recurrence risk perception could affect health behavior indirectly through self-efficacy, behavioral decision-making, and worry. Behavioral decision-making acted as a main mediator between recurrence risk perception and health behavior, while the path coefficient was .47 and .37, respectively. The chain mediation effect between recurrence risk perception and health behavior was established with a total effect value of .19 (p < .01). Conclusion Most stroke survivors could be aware of recurrence risk but failed to accurately estimate their individual risk. In the mediation model of recurrence risk perception and health behavior, social support seemed to be an important external factor, while self-efficacy, behavioral decision-making, and worry seemed to act as key internal factors.

Purpose: To understand the recurrence risk perception of stroke patients and develop a chain mediation model of recurrence risk perception and health behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study and convenience sampling were used. Stroke survivors were recruited from the neurology departments of three tertiary hospitals. Their recurrence risk perception, behavioral decision-making, social support, self-efficacy, recurrence worry, and health behavior were measured by relevant tools. Data was analyzed through one-way analysis and regression analysis, and the AMOS 21.0 software was used to explore the mediating relationships between variables. Results: Of the 419 participants, 74.7% were aware of stroke recurrence risk. However, only 28.2% could accurately estimate their own recurrence risk. Recurrence risk perception was significantly correlated with behavioral decision-making, social support, self-efficacy, and health behavior (r = .19 ∼ .50, p < .05). Social support and recurrence risk perception could affect health behavior indirectly through self-efficacy, behavioral decision-making, and worry. Behavioral decision-making acted as a main mediator between recurrence risk perception and health behavior, while the path coefficient was .47 and .37, respectively. The chain mediation effect between recurrence risk perception and health behavior was established with a total effect value of .19 (p < .01). Conclusion Most stroke survivors could be aware of recurrence risk but failed to accurately estimate their individual risk. In the mediation model of recurrence risk perception and health behavior, social support seemed to be an important external factor, while self-efficacy, behavioral decision-making, and worry seemed to act as key internal factors.

Purpose: To understand the recurrence risk perception of stroke patients and develop a chain mediation model of recurrence risk perception and health behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study and convenience sampling were used. Stroke survivors were recruited from the neurology departments of three tertiary hospitals. Their recurrence risk perception, behavioral decision-making, social support, self-efficacy, recurrence worry, and health behavior were measured by relevant tools. Data was analyzed through one-way analysis and regression analysis, and the AMOS 21.0 software was used to explore the mediating relationships between variables. Results: Of the 419 participants, 74.7% were aware of stroke recurrence risk. However, only 28.2% could accurately estimate their own recurrence risk. Recurrence risk perception was significantly correlated with behavioral decision-making, social support, self-efficacy, and health behavior (r = .19 ∼ .50, p < .05). Social support and recurrence risk perception could affect health behavior indirectly through self-efficacy, behavioral decision-making, and worry. Behavioral decision-making acted as a main mediator between recurrence risk perception and health behavior, while the path coefficient was .47 and .37, respectively. The chain mediation effect between recurrence risk perception and health behavior was established with a total effect value of .19 (p < .01). Conclusion Most stroke survivors could be aware of recurrence risk but failed to accurately estimate their individual risk. In the mediation model of recurrence risk perception and health behavior, social support seemed to be an important external factor, while self-efficacy, behavioral decision-making, and worry seemed to act as key internal factors.

BACKGROUND: Cholecystectomy is a standard surgery for patients suffering from gallbladder diseases, while the causal effects of cholecystectomy on colorectal cancer (CRC) and other complications are still unknown. METHODS: We obtained genetic variants associated with cholecystectomy at a genome-wide significant level ( P value <5 × 10 -8 ) as instrumental variables (IVs) and performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify the complications of cholecystectomy. Furthermore, the cholelithiasis was also treated as the exposure to compare its causal effects to those of cholecystectomy, and multivariable MR analysis was carried out to judge whether the effect of cholecystectomy was independent of cholelithiasis. The study was reported based on Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization guidelines. RESULTS: The selected IVs explained 1.76% variance of cholecystectomy. Our MR analysis suggested that cholecystectomy cannot elevate the risk of CRC (odds ratio [OR] =1.543, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.607-3.924). Also, it was not significant in either colon or rectum cancer. Intriguingly, cholecystectomy might decrease the risk of Crohn's disease (OR = 0.078, 95% CI: 0.016-0.368) and coronary heart disease (OR = 0.352, 95% CI: 0.164-0.756). However, it might increase the risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (OR = 7.573, 95% CI: 1.096-52.318). Cholelithiasis could increase the risk of CRC in the largest population (OR = 1.041, 95% CI: 1.010-1.073). The multivariable MR analysis suggested that genetic liability to cholelithiasis could increase the risk of CRC in the largest population (OR = 1.061, 95% CI: 1.002-1.125) after adjustment of cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that cholecystectomy might not increase the risk of CRC, but such a conclusion needs further proving by clinical equivalence. Additionally, it might increase the risk of IBS, which should be paid attention to in clinical practice.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Cholelithiasis/complications* ; Cholecystectomy/adverse effects* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective To observe the peripapillary choroidal thicknesses (pCT) and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses (SFCT) of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods Forty-four Chinese patients with unilateral NAION were recruited and compared with 60 eyes of 60 normal age and refractive-error matched control subjects. pCT and SFCT were measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Choroidal thicknesses of eyes with NAION and unaffected fellow eyes were compared with normal controls. Choroidal thicknesses of NAION eyes with or without optic disc edema were also compared. The correlation between choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the mean deviation (MD) of Humphrey static perimetry in NAION eyes were analyzed. Results The pCT at the nasal, nasal inferior and temporal inferior quadrants in NAION eyes with optic disc edema were significantly thicker than that of normal subjects (t=3.152, 3.166, 2.808; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the choroidal thicknesses between the unaffected fellow eyes of NAION patients and normal eyes of healthy controls; or between the NAION eyes with resolved optic disc edema and normal eyes (P>0.05). No significant correlation between choroidal thickness (r=-0.220, -0.140, 0.110), SFCT (r=0.096, -0.148, -0.131) and logMAR BCVA, perimetry MD and RNFL was found in eyes affected by NAION (P>0.05). Conclusions The peripapillary choroidal thicknesses increase in some quadrants in NAION eyes with optic disc edema. However, the choroidal thickness of NAION eyes is the same in age and refractive error-matched normal subjects.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of micafungin (MCF) for pulmonary invasive fungal disease (PIFD) in pediatric patients with acute leukemia or post hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Method: Twenty-five neutropenic PIFD children with acute leukemia or post hematopoietic stem cells transplantation in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were selected from January 2012 to June 2015, including 12 males and 13 females, age range 2-15 (average 6.2±2.0) years. There were 12 cases of acute leukemia (AL) after chemotherapy, 4 cases of acute leukemia (AL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and 9 cases of β-thalassemia major after allo-HSCT. All children received MCM for the treatment of PIFD, the dosage of MCM was 3-4 mg/ (kg·d) , once a day. The children received 2 to 6 courses of treatment, individually with a course of 7 days. 1, 3-β-D glucan assay (G test), galactomannan antigen test (GM test), high-resolution CT and the biochemical indexes for organ functions were closely monitored. Result: Twenty-five cases were diagnosed as PIFD, including 2 patients diagnosed as proven, 6 as probable and 17 as possible. Of the 25 cases, 1 was confirmed aspergillus by biopsy pathology and 1 was candida albicans by blood culture. The G and GM test with positive results was 5 and 2 respectively. Chest CT scans of the 25 cases had obvious lesions: air crescent sign and cavitation in 4 cases, diffuse ground glass change in 9 cases, double lung scattered patchy, small nodules and cord like high density shadow in 7 cases, unilateral or bilateral chest wall wedge-shaped consolidation edge in 5 cases and pleural effusion in 5 patients. The effective rate of MCF in treatment of PIFD was 68% (17/25), including 13 cases cured, 4 cases improved, 4 cases were improved clinically and in 4 cases the treatment was ineffective. Eight cases were effective in MCF monotherapy group (12 cases) and nine were effective in MCF combined therapy group(13 cases), respectively. Side-effects including allergies, gastrointestinal side effects, electrolyte disturbances, impairment of liver and kidney function, and myelosuppression were not found in those children treated with MCF. Conclusion Micafungin is effective and safe in the treatment of pulmonary invasive fungal disease in pediatric patients with acute leukemia or post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide theoretical basis for the detection of paracetamol by infrared spectroscopy. METHODS:0.002-0.02 g paracetamol was accurately weighed,added into 0.2 g potassium bromide,respectively,fully ground and well mixed, potassium bromide pressing plate method was used for to-be-tested test sample. Using hollow cathode lamp as light,scanning fre-quency was 30 times,resolution was 0.5 cm-1,scan range was 4000-400 cm-1,infrared absorption spectrum was determined and recorded to select the characteristic absorption peaks,then determine the optimized characteristic absorption peaks. Linear and non-linear models were respectively established by using mathematics modeling methods. RESULTS:1 016 cm-1 absorption peak with weaker absorbance but stronger features was selected for the analysis. According to the model establishing and calculation,the accu-racy of the nonlinear model was much higher than the linear model,r=0.942. CONCLUSIONS:Nonlinear quantitative model for quantitatively determining the content of paracetamol is feasible,and suitable for the on-destructive and rapid on-line quality control of paracetamol.

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention on perioperative antimicrobial prophy-laxis in clean incision surgery in a hospital.Methods From 2011 ,clean incision surgery cases were performed com-prehensive intervention,antimicrobial use in 2011 -2013 were compared.Results A total of 5 945 cases of clean in-cision surgeries were investigated between 2011 and 2013,3 827 cases (64.37%)received prophylactic use of anti-microbial agents.Prophylactic antimicrobial usage rates in 2011 -2013 were 84.95%,69.99%,and 52.97% re-spectively(χ2 =380.94,P <0.001);the correct rates of medication time were 50.97%,79.99%,and 98.95% re-spectively(χ2 =827.02,P <0.001 );the percentages of prophylactic antimicrobial use ≤24 hours were 24.91 %, 39.96%,and 64.95% respectively(χ2 =422.55,P <0.001 );additional antimicrobial usage rates during surgery were 50.00%,60.00%,and 80.00% respectively(χ2 =59.47,P <0.001 ).Conclusion The implementation of comprehensive intervention measures can standardize antimicrobial use,reduce prophylactic antimicrobial usage rate,improve the correct rate of medication time,shorten the duration of antimicrobial use,and implement addition-al use of antimicrobial agents during surgery.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate antifungal combination strategy in children with hematologic diseases and invasive fungal disease( IFD).

METHODSA retrospective clinical study was performed based on 67 childhood patients with hematologic diseases and IFD who firstly accepted combination antifungal therapy for ≥ 7 days during January 2012 and December 2014. Of them, 11 cases received combination of echinocandin with azole, 10 cases received combination of echinocandin with amphotericin B, and 46 cases received combination of azole with amphotericin B.

RESULTSOverall response rate was 79.1%. Univariate analysis revealed that granulocyte recovery (P=0.031), status of underling disease (P=0.023) and the duration of the therapy (P=0.046) were significantly associated with efficacy. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factor was the duration of combination antifungal therapy (OR=0.229, 95% CI 0.061- 0.863, P=0.029). The response rates of echinocandin combined with azole, echinocandin combined with amphotericin B and azole combined with amphotericin B were 81.8%, 60.0% and 82.6%, respectively (P>0.05), and 12-week survival rates were 81.8%, 80.0% and 86.5%, respectively (P>0.05). The drug- related adverse reactions occurred 59 times in 34 patients. BUN increasing, hypokalemia and abnormal liver functions were considered the main side effects.

CONCLUSIONFor IFD in children with hematologic disease, to extend the duration of treatment (≥ 14 days) could significantly improve the curative effect. Combinations of echinocandin with azole, echinocandin with amphotericin B and azole with amphotericin B can be used as a combination treatment options. Combination of Azole with amphotericin B is efficacious, safe and economic treatment option considering efficacy, survival rate, cost and dosage form.

Amphotericin B ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Echinocandins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hematologic Diseases ; microbiology ; Humans ; Mycoses ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome