Objective To explore the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of single virus infection and mixed virus infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infection. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 320 patients with acute respiratory tract infections who visited sentinel hospitals from January 2022 to January 2025. All patients underwent common virus detection and atypical pathogen human rhinovirus (HRV) detection. Results In this study, there were 204 patients (71.83%) with single virus infection, including 87 cases (42.65%) of atypical pathogen human rhinovirus (HRV) infection, 28 cases (13.73%) of influenza A virus infection, 35 cases (17.16%) of influenza B virus infection, 21 cases (10.29%) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, 17 cases (8.33%) of adenovirus (ADV) infection, and 16 cases (7.84%) of parainfluenza virus (PIV) infection. There were 80 patients (28.17%) with mixed virus infection, including 57 cases (71.25%) of influenza virus+RSV mixed infection and 23 cases (28.75%) of ADV+PIV mixed infection. There were significant differences in the detection rates of HRV, RSV, influenza virus+RSV, and ADV+PIV among different age groups (P<0.05). The detection rates of HRV, RSV single and mixed virus were high in age of 0-5 years old, while the detection rate of ADV was high in age of ≥60 years old. Statistical differences were found in the detection rates of HRV, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, ADV, influenza virus+RSV, and ADV+PIV among different seasons (P<0.05). The detection rates of HRV, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and RSV were high in spring and winter, the detection rates of ADV and ADV+PIV were high in summer, the detection rate of PIV was high in spring and autumn, and the detection rate of influenza virus+RSV was high in winter. There were no statistical differences in the detection rates of viral pathogens among patients with different genders (P>0.05). Conclusion Acute respiratory tract infection is mainly caused by single virus infection (HRV is the most common). Mixed infection is more common in influenza virus with RSV. Children aged 0-5 years old and elderly people over 60 years old are susceptible populations. Children have a higher risk of mixed infection, and the epidemic peak is concentrated in winter and spring.

Objective To understand the current status of the knowledge,attitude and practice of hemodialysis nurses in Shandong Province on intradialysis exercise for maintenance hemodialysis patients,and to analyze its influ-encing factors.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the knowledge,attitude and practice of maintenance hemodialysis nurses in 81 hospitals in Shandong Province in March 2024 by a self-compiled questionnaire on the knowledge,attitude and practice of hemodialysis nurses.The question-naire included 3 dimensions,namely knowledge,attitude and practice,with a total of 38 items.Multiple linear re-gression and generalized linear model were used to analyze the influencing factors of exercise knowledge,attitude,and practice levels of hemodialysis nurses on maintenance hemodialysis patients during dialysis.Results A total of 555 questionnaires were collected,of which 478 were valid,with an effective recoveiy rate of 86.13％.The scores of knowledge,attitude and practice were(8.09±3.74),41.00(40.00,49.00)and(26.58±10.62)scores,respectively.The results of multivariate analysis showed that gender and whether or not they had participated in dialysis exercise-re-lated training were influencing factors of hemodialysis nurses on knowledge.Hospital level,nurse position,and whether or not they had participated in dialysis exercise-related training were influencing factors of hemodialysis nurses on attitude.Nurses'cognition and nurses'attitude towards intradialysis exercise for maintenance hemodialysis patients,whether or not they had participated in dialysis exercise-related training,whether or not intradialysis exer-cise had been carried out in the hemodialysis room,and whether or not the hemodialysis room was equipped with exercise equipment were influencing factors of hemodialysis nurses on practice.Conclusion Hemodialysis nurses in Shandong Province have a positive attitude towards intradialysis exercise,but their knowledge and practice need to be improved.Hemodialysis room managers should strengthen the relevant training of nurses on intradialysis exer-cise,try to carry out intradialysis exercise in hemodialysis rooms,continuously improve the process and exercise fa-cilities during the implementation process,continuously improve quality,and accelerate the promotion of intradialysis exercise.

Objective To understand the current status of the knowledge,attitude and practice of hemodialysis nurses in Shandong Province on intradialysis exercise for maintenance hemodialysis patients,and to analyze its influ-encing factors.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the knowledge,attitude and practice of maintenance hemodialysis nurses in 81 hospitals in Shandong Province in March 2024 by a self-compiled questionnaire on the knowledge,attitude and practice of hemodialysis nurses.The question-naire included 3 dimensions,namely knowledge,attitude and practice,with a total of 38 items.Multiple linear re-gression and generalized linear model were used to analyze the influencing factors of exercise knowledge,attitude,and practice levels of hemodialysis nurses on maintenance hemodialysis patients during dialysis.Results A total of 555 questionnaires were collected,of which 478 were valid,with an effective recoveiy rate of 86.13％.The scores of knowledge,attitude and practice were(8.09±3.74),41.00(40.00,49.00)and(26.58±10.62)scores,respectively.The results of multivariate analysis showed that gender and whether or not they had participated in dialysis exercise-re-lated training were influencing factors of hemodialysis nurses on knowledge.Hospital level,nurse position,and whether or not they had participated in dialysis exercise-related training were influencing factors of hemodialysis nurses on attitude.Nurses'cognition and nurses'attitude towards intradialysis exercise for maintenance hemodialysis patients,whether or not they had participated in dialysis exercise-related training,whether or not intradialysis exer-cise had been carried out in the hemodialysis room,and whether or not the hemodialysis room was equipped with exercise equipment were influencing factors of hemodialysis nurses on practice.Conclusion Hemodialysis nurses in Shandong Province have a positive attitude towards intradialysis exercise,but their knowledge and practice need to be improved.Hemodialysis room managers should strengthen the relevant training of nurses on intradialysis exer-cise,try to carry out intradialysis exercise in hemodialysis rooms,continuously improve the process and exercise fa-cilities during the implementation process,continuously improve quality,and accelerate the promotion of intradialysis exercise.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of adenovirus-mediated recombinant Buthus martensii Karsch chloride toxin artifact (Ad-rBmK CTa) on human glioma U251 cells and its related mechanisms.Methods:Groups of 3 titer gradients of 3.5×10 9, 7.0×10 9 and 3.5×10 10 pfu/ml Ad-rBmK CTa were set up and applied to U251 cells for 24, 48 and 72 h, and a blank control group (no cells and Ad-rBmK CTa were added) and a negative control group (only U251 cells were added) were set up at the same time. The virus infection status was observed by laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. The cell proliferation in each group was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis in each group were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins bax, bcl-2 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. Results:The infection rate of Ad-rBmK CTa was over 90% after acting on U251 cells for 24 h. As the titer of Ad-rBmK CTa increased, the proliferation inhibition rate of U251 cells treated for the same hours gradually increased (all P <0.01); with the extension of time, the proliferation inhibition rate of U251 cells treated with the same titer of Ad-rBmK CTa also gradually increased (all P < 0.01). After 7.0×10 9 pfu/ml Ad-rBmK CTa acted on U251 cells for 48 h, the proportion of cells in G 0/G 1 phase was (40.7±0.8)%, and cells in S phase and G 2 phase accounted for (35.7±0.6)% and (23.6±1.4)%, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 225.119, P < 0.01). When 7.0×10 9 pfu/ml Ad-rBmK CTa acted on U251 cells for 24, 48 and 72 h, the apoptosis rates were (7.4±1.4)%, (19.2±1.7)% and (22.3±1.7)% ( F = 49.470, P < 0.01). After 7.0×10 9 pfu/ml Ad-rBmK CTa acted on U251 cells for 48 h, compared with the negative control group, the expressions of bax and caspase-3 proteins increased, and the expressions of bcl-2 decreased. Conclusions:Ad-rBmK CTa may act on the DNA damage-induced G 1/S detection site to arrest the cell cycle in G 0/G 1 phase, thus inhibiting the proliferation of U251 cells in vitro. However, its induction of apoptosis in U251 cells is not obvious. The mechanism may be related to the direct or indirect inhibition of chloride ion channels.