To clarify the occurrence and distribution of broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2) on Rehmannia glutinosa, this study collected 87 R. glutinosa samples with typical symptoms of viral disease such as chlorosis and crumple from Wenxian county and Wuzhi county in Jiaozuo city, Henan province and Qiaocheng district in Bozhou city, Anhui province. The BBWV2 CP target band was amplified from 37 R. glutinosa samples by RT-PCR technology. The total detection rate reached 42.5%, among which 43.0% was detected in samples from Henan province. The detection rate in samples from Anhui province was 37.5%. 37 BBWV2 CP sequences were obtained by cloning and sequencing of BBWV2 positive samples(data has been submitted to GenBank, accession numbers: PP407959-PP407995), and the sequence analysis of these CP sequences with 91 other BBWV2 isolates in GenBank showed a high genetic diversity with a consistency rate of 70.8%-100%. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis showed that BBWV2 could be divided into three groups according to CP sequences, among which the BBWV2 in R. glutinosa isolates obtained in this study were all located in group 3. This study identified the differences in the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of BBWV2 in R. glutinosa from Henan province and Anhui province and provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of BBWV2.
Rehmannia/virology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/virology* ; China ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Fabavirus/classification*

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective To discuss the correlation between free prostate specific antigen(fPSA),serum ferritin(SF),blood uric acid(SUA)levels and Gleason grading in patients with prostate cancer(PCa).Methods The clinical data of 61 patients with prostate biopsy treated in 411 Hospital of Shanghai University from January to December of 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the results of puncture,the patients were divided into benign prostatic hyperpla-sia(BPH)group(31 cases)and PCa group(30 cases).The levels of fPSA,SF and SUA in patients and Gleason grade in biopsy cases were analyzed.The correlation between fPSA,SF and SUA levels and Gleason grade was analyzed by the method of Spearman.And the diagnostic efficacy of fPSA,SF and SUA levels on PCa was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The levels of fPSA,SF and SUA in PCa group were significantly higher than those in BPH group(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in levels of fPSA SF and SUA in PCA patients with different Gleason grades(P＜0.05).With the specificity reaching 96.08％and sensitivity reaching 94.35％,the ar-ea under the curve(AUC)of the combined fPSA,SF and SUA levels in the diagnosis of PCa was 0.982,which was higher than that of the single fPSA,SF and SUA levels(P＜0.05).SF and SUA levels in PCa patients were positively correlated with Gleason grade(P＜0.05),while fPSA levels were not correlated with Gleason grade(P＞0.05).Conclusion The levels of SF and SUA in PCa patients are positively correlated with Gleason grade,which can be used as an important index to predict Gleason grade in PCa patients.

Objective To discuss the correlation between free prostate specific antigen(fPSA),serum ferritin(SF),blood uric acid(SUA)levels and Gleason grading in patients with prostate cancer(PCa).Methods The clinical data of 61 patients with prostate biopsy treated in 411 Hospital of Shanghai University from January to December of 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the results of puncture,the patients were divided into benign prostatic hyperpla-sia(BPH)group(31 cases)and PCa group(30 cases).The levels of fPSA,SF and SUA in patients and Gleason grade in biopsy cases were analyzed.The correlation between fPSA,SF and SUA levels and Gleason grade was analyzed by the method of Spearman.And the diagnostic efficacy of fPSA,SF and SUA levels on PCa was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The levels of fPSA,SF and SUA in PCa group were significantly higher than those in BPH group(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in levels of fPSA SF and SUA in PCA patients with different Gleason grades(P＜0.05).With the specificity reaching 96.08％and sensitivity reaching 94.35％,the ar-ea under the curve(AUC)of the combined fPSA,SF and SUA levels in the diagnosis of PCa was 0.982,which was higher than that of the single fPSA,SF and SUA levels(P＜0.05).SF and SUA levels in PCa patients were positively correlated with Gleason grade(P＜0.05),while fPSA levels were not correlated with Gleason grade(P＞0.05).Conclusion The levels of SF and SUA in PCa patients are positively correlated with Gleason grade,which can be used as an important index to predict Gleason grade in PCa patients.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1(PI-RADS v2.1)for clinically significant prostate cancer(CSPCa)in the peripheral zone(PZ),transitional zone(TZ)and multiple zones(MZs).Methods:We retrospectively studied the clinical data on 108 patients undergoing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)and transperineal prostate biopsy in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023.Using PI-RADS v2.1,we ex-amined the MR images of the patients with suspected PCa,compared the PI-RADS v2.1 scores with the results of prostate biopsy,and analyzed the correlation of the PI-RADS v2.1 scores with CSPCa.We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC),and described the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 for CSPCa in the PZ,TZ and MZs.Results:Transperineal prostate puncture biopsy was successfully completed in all the patients,which revealed 66(61.11％)cases of CSPCa with Gleason score(GS)7-10.Suspected CSPCa was observed in 45(95.74％)of the 47 PZ lesions,8(47.06％)of the 17 TZ le-sions,and 40(90.91％)of the 44 MZ lesions.The PZ,TZ and MZ lesions diagnosed by PI-RADS v2.1 were significantly correlated with CSPCa(r=0.492,P＜0.001).The AUCs of PI-RADS v2.1 for PZ,TZ and MZs were 0.644,0.732 and 0.811,with specificities of 66.8％,57.6％and 62.1％,and sensitivities of 57.2％,78.4％and 93.2％,respectively.The negative predictive values were 46.5％,85.7％and 79.2％,and the positive predictive values 76.2％,43.4％and 84.8％,respectively.Conclusion:The PI-RADS v2.1 score has a high diagnostic value for CSPCa in the PZ,TZ and MZs,with the best performance for that in the MZs.

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare type of biliary tract neoplasms characterized by biliary dilatation, papillary neoplasm or cystic changes, with or without mucous secretion. The etiology and mechanism of IPNB are still unclear. Studies have shown that its pathogenesis is closely related to cholestasis and repeated biliary tract infection caused by cholestasis and clonorchionchus infection and other diseases. Signaling pathways such as Ras-MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin play important roles in progression of IPNB. IPNB lacks specific clinical features. Its symptoms depend on the location of tumor and the degree of bile duct obstruction. The main manifestations are abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice, fever, and recurrent cholangitis. IPNB can be divided into pancreatobiliary type, intestinal type, gastric type and eosinophilic type according to epithelial tissue morphology and immunohistochemical staining markers. Based on the location of main lesions, IPNB can be divided into intrahepatic, extrahepatic and diffuse types. The prognosis of patients of IPNB receiving radical surgery is better than those receiving palliative treatment, and all patients with indications are recommended to receive radical surgery. The authors summarize the etiology, progression mechanism, clinical manifestations, pathological features, diagnosis and treat-ment status of IPNB, and provide a review of its research progress.

Objective To investigate the effects of a 45％high-fat diet(HFD)with isocaloric intake on energy metabolism and endurance exercise capacity in SD rats.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into normal chow diet group(CON),HFD group,normal chow diet+exercise training group(CONT),and HFD+exercise training group(HFDT).The CON and CONT groups received normal chow diet,while the HFD and HFDT groups received a 45％high-fat diet with isocaloric intake.The HFDT and CONT groups underwent an endurance training of moderate-intensity running for 6 weeks.Body weight,fat mass,and lean mass were measured weekly.Energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate during rest and exercise states were measured using Pheno Master/Calo Treadmill system.Blood glucose,lipids,and creatine kinase levels were detected after the exhaustion test.Results In 6 weeks after intervention,the endurance exercise capacity was significantly enhanced in the HFDT group than the CONT group(P＜0.05).There were no obvious differences in body weight and body composition among the groups under isoenergetic feeding conditions.At rest,no statistical differences were observed in total energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate among the groups.However,prior to the 4th week,the CON group primarily metabolized carbohydrates while the HFD group primarily metabolized fats.But the carbohydrate metabolism was decreased and then increased,and the substrate metabolism rates eventually reached similar levels between the 2 groups on the 5th to 6th week.The HFDT group primarily metabolized fats while the CONT group primarily metabolized carbohydrates,with significant differences persisting after 6 weeks of training(P＜0.05).HFD led to elevated levels of serum cholesterol,triglycerides(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),but,endurance training resulted in decreased lipid levels in the HFDT group,accompanied by an increase inβ-hydroxybutyrate(βHB)level(P＜0.05).Isoenergetic diets had no significant differences in their effects on liver and kidney function or muscle damage indicators.Conclusion An isoenergetic HFD can improve fat utilization ability and extend endurance exercise time in rats without altering body composition or affecting liver and kidney function.

Objective To develop a nutritional formula on enhancing the endurance of heavy load exercise,and evaluate its efficacy comprehensively.Methods Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into control group(CON group)and low-,medium-and high-dose nutritional formula groups(LDF,MDF and HDF groups),with 15 mice in each group.Each group received intervention with nutritional formula at corresponding dose for 2 weeks,and underwent adaptive training and heavy load exercise in the 1 st and 2nd weeks,respectively.Exhaustion exercise time,skeletal muscle antioxidant indicators(SOD,MDA,PC and GSH),fatigue related indicators(serum URA,LDH and LA),muscle glycogen,and serum exercise injury related indicators(ALT,AST,CK and CK-MB)were measured and detected in the mice,and comprehensive evaluation was conducted according to relevant evaluation standards.Results The LDF group,MDF group and HDF group had significantly prolonged running exhaustion time than the CON group(P＜0.05),with the HDF group showing the greatest improvement(P＜0.05).Compared with the CON group,the activities of SOD and GSH in the skeletal muscles were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the levels of MDA and PC in skeletal muscles were obviously decreased in the 3 doses of nutritional formula groups(P＜0.05).PAS staining of the skeletal muscles displayed that the glycogen content was significantly increased in the MDF group and the HDF group than the CON group(P＜0.05),and the highest increase was observed in the HDF group(P＜0.05).Biochemical test revealed that the levels of LDH,LA,ALT,AST,CK,and CK-MB were remarkably lower in the 3 doses of nutritional formula groups than the CON group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The nutritional formula can significantly improve the endurance and skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity in mice under heavy load exercise,and has anti-fatigue and-injury protection effects.This nutritional formula can be used to support physical fitness during heavy load endurance exercise.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Shenshuai Formula(composed of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere et Alumine,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Poria,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Bambusae Caulis in Taenia,Morindae Officinalis Radix,Centellae Herba,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,etc.)on patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)at stage 3-4 of spleen-kidney qi deficiency with internal accumulation of turbid-phlegm and stasis type.Methods Seventy patients with CKD at stage 3-4 of spleen-kidney qi deficiency with internal accumulation of turbid-phlegm and stasis type were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 35 patients in each group.The control group was given the conventional western medicine integrated treatment for CKD,and the treatment group was given the Chinese herbal decoction of Shenshuai Formula on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment for the two groups covered 8 weeks.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,renal function indicators of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum cystatin C(CysC),blood uric acid(UA)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and the level of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)in the two groups before and after the treatment were observed.Moreover,the TCM syndrome efficacy and clinical safety in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)During the trial,5 cases in the treatment group and 3 cases in the control group fell off,and eventually a total of 62 patients were included in the trial,including 30 cases in the treatment group and 32 cases in the control group.(2)After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for TCM syndrome efficacy of the treatment group was 86.67%(26/30),and that of the control group was 59.38%(19/32).The intergroup comparison showed that the TCM syndrome efficacy in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the scores of TCM syndromes in the two groups were significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the decrease in the treatment group was more obvious than that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the renal function indicator levels of Scr,BUN,CysC and UA in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the level of eGFR was increased when compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease in the levels of Scr,BUN,CysC and UA and the increase in the level of eGFR in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,the inflammatory factor level of serum hs-CRP in the two groups was improved when compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(6)During the treatment period,no significant changes in the safety indicators such as blood routine test,stool routine test and occult blood test,liver function,electrolyte,and electrocardiogram were presented in the two groups.Conclusion Shenshuai Formula exerts certain effect in the treatment of patients with CKD at stage 3-4 of spleen-kidney qi deficiency with internal accumulation of turbid-phlegm and stasis type.It can relieve the clinical symptoms of the patients to certain extent,effectively decrease the levels of Scr,BUN,CysC and UA,increase the eGFR,improve renal function,lower the level of serum hs-CRP,reduce the micro-inflammatory state of patients,and delay the progress of the disease.