Rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries that often necessitate surgical intervention, particularly when nonoperative treatments fail. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is the current gold standard; however, challenges, such as high retear rates, especially in large tears, persist. Traditional techniques, such as single-row and double-row repairs, have limitations in fully restoring the anatomical footprint and ensuring optimal healing. This review examines the novel double pulley-triple row technique, which aims to overcome these limitations by enhancing the footprint contact area, load distribution, and tendon healing. By evaluating the double pulley-triple row method in comparison to established techniques, this study explores the potential advantages, limitations, and future directions of rotator cuff repair.

Rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries that often necessitate surgical intervention, particularly when nonoperative treatments fail. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is the current gold standard; however, challenges, such as high retear rates, especially in large tears, persist. Traditional techniques, such as single-row and double-row repairs, have limitations in fully restoring the anatomical footprint and ensuring optimal healing. This review examines the novel double pulley-triple row technique, which aims to overcome these limitations by enhancing the footprint contact area, load distribution, and tendon healing. By evaluating the double pulley-triple row method in comparison to established techniques, this study explores the potential advantages, limitations, and future directions of rotator cuff repair.

Rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries that often necessitate surgical intervention, particularly when nonoperative treatments fail. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is the current gold standard; however, challenges, such as high retear rates, especially in large tears, persist. Traditional techniques, such as single-row and double-row repairs, have limitations in fully restoring the anatomical footprint and ensuring optimal healing. This review examines the novel double pulley-triple row technique, which aims to overcome these limitations by enhancing the footprint contact area, load distribution, and tendon healing. By evaluating the double pulley-triple row method in comparison to established techniques, this study explores the potential advantages, limitations, and future directions of rotator cuff repair.

Rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries that often necessitate surgical intervention, particularly when nonoperative treatments fail. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is the current gold standard; however, challenges, such as high retear rates, especially in large tears, persist. Traditional techniques, such as single-row and double-row repairs, have limitations in fully restoring the anatomical footprint and ensuring optimal healing. This review examines the novel double pulley-triple row technique, which aims to overcome these limitations by enhancing the footprint contact area, load distribution, and tendon healing. By evaluating the double pulley-triple row method in comparison to established techniques, this study explores the potential advantages, limitations, and future directions of rotator cuff repair.

Objective To study the syntactic impairment characteristics of wh-question comprehension and expression in Chinese non-fluent aphasic patients.Methods The differences in comprehension and expression be-tween 25 non-fluent aphasic patients and 25 normal subjects were tested in the form of sentence-figure matching and elicitation-repetition to analyze syntactic impairment characteristics related to sentence patterns,question objects,and question words.Results The patients with non-fluent aphasia had impaired comprehension and expression of specific interrogative sentences,and the order of correct comprehension was:(active interrogative sentence,object pseudo-split interrogative sentence)＞(subject pseudo-split interrogative sentence,passive interrogative sentence),and the order of correct expression was:active interrogative sentence＞(pseudo-split interrogative sentence,pas-sive interrogative sentence).Conclusion The pattern of impaired comprehension and expression of wh-question was similar in patients with Chinese non-fluent aphasia.The main influences on syntactic structure included the object of questioning(subject-object)and the type of sentence.Obstacles were more pronounced in sentences with wh-move-ment and non-canonical order.

Objective To investigate the differences in Mandarin vowel space area(VSA)across geographic regions and genders.Methods Healthy college students residing in Beijing(62 cases,32 males and 30 females)and Shanghai(62 cases,32 males and 30 females)were selected to study the Mandarin VSA with six Chinese vowels(/a/,/e/,/i/,/u/,/o/,/ü/,and the short text Vacation)as the corpus,respectively.Results The differences in VSA between genders were extremely significant(P＜0.001),and the VSA of females was significantly larger than that of males.Simple effect tests for speech material and region showed that when the speech material was con-tinuous speech,the VSAs of Beijing and Shanghai subjects showed no significant difference,but when the speech material was unitary speech,the VSAs of Shanghai subjects were significantly larger than those of Beijing subjects(P=0.003,P＜0.01).Conclusion The VSAs of female adults were larger than those of male adults,and the front vowels of females were more fronted and the back vowels were more backward.The differences produced by different regions based on the Mandarin system of pronunciation were not significant.

Objective To study the syntactic impairment characteristics of wh-question comprehension and expression in Chinese non-fluent aphasic patients.Methods The differences in comprehension and expression be-tween 25 non-fluent aphasic patients and 25 normal subjects were tested in the form of sentence-figure matching and elicitation-repetition to analyze syntactic impairment characteristics related to sentence patterns,question objects,and question words.Results The patients with non-fluent aphasia had impaired comprehension and expression of specific interrogative sentences,and the order of correct comprehension was:(active interrogative sentence,object pseudo-split interrogative sentence)＞(subject pseudo-split interrogative sentence,passive interrogative sentence),and the order of correct expression was:active interrogative sentence＞(pseudo-split interrogative sentence,pas-sive interrogative sentence).Conclusion The pattern of impaired comprehension and expression of wh-question was similar in patients with Chinese non-fluent aphasia.The main influences on syntactic structure included the object of questioning(subject-object)and the type of sentence.Obstacles were more pronounced in sentences with wh-move-ment and non-canonical order.

Objective To investigate the differences in Mandarin vowel space area(VSA)across geographic regions and genders.Methods Healthy college students residing in Beijing(62 cases,32 males and 30 females)and Shanghai(62 cases,32 males and 30 females)were selected to study the Mandarin VSA with six Chinese vowels(/a/,/e/,/i/,/u/,/o/,/ü/,and the short text Vacation)as the corpus,respectively.Results The differences in VSA between genders were extremely significant(P＜0.001),and the VSA of females was significantly larger than that of males.Simple effect tests for speech material and region showed that when the speech material was con-tinuous speech,the VSAs of Beijing and Shanghai subjects showed no significant difference,but when the speech material was unitary speech,the VSAs of Shanghai subjects were significantly larger than those of Beijing subjects(P=0.003,P＜0.01).Conclusion The VSAs of female adults were larger than those of male adults,and the front vowels of females were more fronted and the back vowels were more backward.The differences produced by different regions based on the Mandarin system of pronunciation were not significant.

Objective: In the digital age, patients turn to online sources for lumbar spine fusion information, necessitating a careful study of large language models (LLMs) like chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) for patient education. Methods: Our study aims to assess the response quality of Open AI (artificial intelligence)’s ChatGPT 3.5 and Google’s Bard to patient questions on lumbar spine fusion surgery. We identified 10 critical questions from 158 frequently asked ones via Google search, which were then presented to both chatbots. Five blinded spine surgeons rated the responses on a 4-point scale from ‘unsatisfactory’ to ‘excellent.’ The clarity and professionalism of the answers were also evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: In our evaluation of 10 questions across ChatGPT 3.5 and Bard, 97% of responses were rated as excellent or satisfactory. Specifically, ChatGPT had 62% excellent and 32% minimally clarifying responses, with only 6% needing moderate or substantial clarification. Bard’s responses were 66% excellent and 24% minimally clarifying, with 10% requiring more clarification. No significant difference was found in the overall rating distribution between the 2 models. Both struggled with 3 specific questions regarding surgical risks, success rates, and selection of surgical approaches (Q3, Q4, and Q5). Interrater reliability was low for both models (ChatGPT: k = 0.041, p = 0.622; Bard: k = -0.040, p = 0.601). While both scored well on understanding and empathy, Bard received marginally lower ratings in empathy and professionalism. Conclusion ChatGPT3.5 and Bard effectively answered lumbar spine fusion FAQs, but further training and research are needed to solidify LLMs’ role in medical education and healthcare communication.

Objective: In the digital age, patients turn to online sources for lumbar spine fusion information, necessitating a careful study of large language models (LLMs) like chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) for patient education. Methods: Our study aims to assess the response quality of Open AI (artificial intelligence)’s ChatGPT 3.5 and Google’s Bard to patient questions on lumbar spine fusion surgery. We identified 10 critical questions from 158 frequently asked ones via Google search, which were then presented to both chatbots. Five blinded spine surgeons rated the responses on a 4-point scale from ‘unsatisfactory’ to ‘excellent.’ The clarity and professionalism of the answers were also evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: In our evaluation of 10 questions across ChatGPT 3.5 and Bard, 97% of responses were rated as excellent or satisfactory. Specifically, ChatGPT had 62% excellent and 32% minimally clarifying responses, with only 6% needing moderate or substantial clarification. Bard’s responses were 66% excellent and 24% minimally clarifying, with 10% requiring more clarification. No significant difference was found in the overall rating distribution between the 2 models. Both struggled with 3 specific questions regarding surgical risks, success rates, and selection of surgical approaches (Q3, Q4, and Q5). Interrater reliability was low for both models (ChatGPT: k = 0.041, p = 0.622; Bard: k = -0.040, p = 0.601). While both scored well on understanding and empathy, Bard received marginally lower ratings in empathy and professionalism. Conclusion ChatGPT3.5 and Bard effectively answered lumbar spine fusion FAQs, but further training and research are needed to solidify LLMs’ role in medical education and healthcare communication.