Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment. To date, differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties, which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects. On the basis of current research evidence, this expert consensus outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, clinical grading, ancillary examinations, diagnostic basis, prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM. In addition to strategies such as basic oral care, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, anti-infective agents, pro-healing agents, and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines, we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment. This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, standardizing clinical practice, reducing OM occurrence, promoting healing, and improving the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Risk Factors ; Stomatitis/etiology*

Aim To investigate the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol(4-MBA),an active ingredient of Gastrodia elata,on hepatic cholesterol metabolism.Methods Acute hy-perlipidemia mouse models were established via egg yolk emulsion induction,and hyperlipidemia rat models were constructed using a high-fat diet.Serum and he-patic total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were quan-tified via enzymatic assays.Hepatic histopathological changes were evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Oil Red O staining.Interactions between 4-MBA and key cholesterol metabolism targets were sim-ulated using molecular docking.mRNA and protein ex-pression levels of LDL receptor(LDLR),proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9),liver X receptor α(LXRα),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),ATP-binding cassette transporter G1(ABCG1),and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)were assessed using quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction(qPCR)and immunohistochemis-try.Results In acute hyperlipidemic mice,4-MBA administration significantly reduced serum TG and LDL-C levels while elevating HDL-C(P＜0.05).Hy-perlipidemic rats exhibited decreased serum TG and LDL-C,increased HDL-C(P＜0.01),reduced hepatic LDL-C(P＜0.01),and elevated hepatic HDL-C(P＜0.01).Although TC levels showed a downward trend,the difference lacked statistical significance.He-patic lipid accumulation and steatosis were alleviated.Upregulated mRNA and protein expression of LDLR,PPARγ,LXRα,and ABCG1(P＜0.01),alongside downregulated PCSK9(P＜0.05),were observed.Conclusion 4-MBA modulates cholesterol metabolism primarily via the LDLR/PCSK9 pathway to enhance cholesterol uptake and the PPARγ-LXRα-CYP7A1/ABCA1 axis to promote cholesterol utilization and ef-flux.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.

Objective:To explore the correlation between anxiety, depression, and inflammatory markers in the body fluids of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS), creating a preliminary assessment model based on clinical data.Methods:Forty-one BMS patients were recruited according to the predefined inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria from the Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between December 2021 and September 2023, along with 12 healthy controls. The pain intensity of the 41 patients was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Meanwhile, anxiety and depression were assessed using the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS). The concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in saliva and serum were measured using the Luminex 200 TM system and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Spearman′s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression, respectively. Results:The VAS score for the 41 BMS patients was (3.56±1.90), with 48.8% (20/41) and 41.5% (17/41) of patients experiencing mild and moderate pain, respectively. Only 7.3% (3/41) of patients had severe pain. Among the 41 BMS patients, 61.0% (25/41) exhibited anxiety and/or depression, in whom 39.0% (16/41) had both anxiety and depression, 9.8% (4/41) experienced anxiety without depression, and 12.2% (5/41) had depression without anxiety. The concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the serum and saliva of BMS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (all P<0.05). In contrast, the BDNF concentration in serum was significantly lower in BMS patients than in healthy participants ( P<0.01), but was significantly higher in saliva ( P<0.001). Serum TNF-α was positively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 (β=0.803, β=0.812, β=0.592; all P<0.01), while saliva TNF-α was negatively correlated with both anxiety and depression (β=-0.325, β=-0.321; all P<0.05). SAS scores were linearly correlated with saliva TNF-α concentrations (SAS=51.374-1.154×saliva TNF-α); saliva TNF-α concentrations were linearly correlated with saliva IFN-γ and IL-1β (saliva TNF-α=2.408+0.281×saliva IFN-γ+0.002×saliva IL-1β). Conclusions:This study provides a preliminary exploration of a clinical assessment model for BMS based on inflammatory markers and psychological scores, offering an exploratory framework for further research and optimization of the model.

Purpose To compare the HRCT findings of lung damage in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIMs)with positive and negative anti-Ro-52 antibody.Materials and Methods Fifty patients with IIMs admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2015 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into anti-Ro-52 antibody negative group(18 cases)and positive group(32 cases),the lung CT findings of the two groups were compared,the distribution of lung lesions and related signs were analyzed.Results The incidence of interstitial lung disease in the anti-Ro-52 antibody-negative group was 11.1%(1 case),which was lower than that in the positive group 75.6%(31 cases)(P=0.001).Among the interstitial lung disease-positive patients,the proportion of lesions in the anti-Ro-52 positive group was more symmetrical(28 cases,87.5%,P=0.022)and peripheral distribution(20 cases,62.5%,P=0.039)than that in the anti-Ro-52 negative group.Non-specific interstitial pneumonia-like lesions were the main lesions in the two groups,including 14 cases(43.8%)in the anti-Ro-52 positive group and 7 cases(38.9%)in the negative group.However,9 cases(28.1%)of the anti-Ro-52 positive group had acute interstitial pneumonia-like lesions and 1 case(5.6%)of the negative group had acute interstitial pneumonia-like lesions.Imaging accompanying signs:anti-Ro-52 positive combination and consolidation(14 cases,43.8%,P=0.009),nodular shadow(17 cases,53.1%,P=0.025),and reverse halo sign(12 cases,37.5%,P=0.021)were more than those in the anti-Ro-52 negative group.Conclusion IIMs patients with positive anti-Ro-52 antibody have a higher incidence of interstitial lung disease.HRCT findings are of great significance for diagnosis and treatment of IIMs.

The success of"New Medical Sciences"in higher education requires effective tools in evalua-ting students'performance in courses.Previously,we reported a teamwork(T),critique(C)and ap-preciation(A)(TCA)ideological and political model,a teaching model widely applied in Basic Medical courses.TCA is an abbreviation derived from Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Biochemistry as an analogy for nurturing the abilities of thinking and teamwork(T),critique(C)and appreciation(A),which hope-fully could provide students with moral norms for cognition,science and life.This paper further explores the tools to assess the educational outcomes of the TCA model,by which teachers can collect feedback and reflect on teaching quality and effectiveness.Addressing the challenges of individual differences in large classes,fragmented learning feedback,and the difficulty of measuring meta-cognition in educational evaluation,this study employs strategies of value-added assessment,matrix assessment and norm-transfer-able assessment to evaluate the TCA abilities from the aspects of thinking quality,thinking creativity,co-operation ability,iterative thinking,dialectical thinking and job responsibility.By modifying/using 18 e-valuation tools in Education and Psychology,we have established a rubric system composed of 30 primary indicators(with 11 newly designed,10 partly modified and 9 directly adopted),along with 49 secondary indicators and 98 tertiary indicators to enhance the feasibility of the evaluation process.This rubric sys-tem was applied to Biochemistry teaching among the five-year-program undergraduates at Air Force Medi-cal University.Specifically,thinking and teamwork are evaluated by creative works from"the magic bio-chemical-circle",while critiques are assessed in large classes under the guidance of basic and clinical teachers,coupled with appreciation measured by job responsibility in a task-driven virtual reality(VR)project.The results indicate that Biochemistry teaching not only accumulates knowledge in students,but also achieves the goals in nurturing values and cognition.The inclusion of creative performance evalua-tion,cooperative learning and clinical case studies,can enhance students'interpersonal skills,coopera-tion,quality of thinking,creative thinking,iterative thinking and dialectical thinking to varying degrees.TCA-based Biochemistry teaching has a long-lasting impact on character education,and is capable of in-ducing positive long-term changes in students'cognition and lifestyle.Taken together,with the help of this rubric system,teachers can promptly acknowledge the effectiveness of their teaching,thereby facilita-ting their teaching strategies.

Objective:To explore the correlation between anxiety, depression, and inflammatory markers in the body fluids of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS), creating a preliminary assessment model based on clinical data.Methods:Forty-one BMS patients were recruited according to the predefined inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria from the Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between December 2021 and September 2023, along with 12 healthy controls. The pain intensity of the 41 patients was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Meanwhile, anxiety and depression were assessed using the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS). The concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in saliva and serum were measured using the Luminex 200 TM system and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Spearman′s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression, respectively. Results:The VAS score for the 41 BMS patients was (3.56±1.90), with 48.8% (20/41) and 41.5% (17/41) of patients experiencing mild and moderate pain, respectively. Only 7.3% (3/41) of patients had severe pain. Among the 41 BMS patients, 61.0% (25/41) exhibited anxiety and/or depression, in whom 39.0% (16/41) had both anxiety and depression, 9.8% (4/41) experienced anxiety without depression, and 12.2% (5/41) had depression without anxiety. The concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the serum and saliva of BMS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (all P<0.05). In contrast, the BDNF concentration in serum was significantly lower in BMS patients than in healthy participants ( P<0.01), but was significantly higher in saliva ( P<0.001). Serum TNF-α was positively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 (β=0.803, β=0.812, β=0.592; all P<0.01), while saliva TNF-α was negatively correlated with both anxiety and depression (β=-0.325, β=-0.321; all P<0.05). SAS scores were linearly correlated with saliva TNF-α concentrations (SAS=51.374-1.154×saliva TNF-α); saliva TNF-α concentrations were linearly correlated with saliva IFN-γ and IL-1β (saliva TNF-α=2.408+0.281×saliva IFN-γ+0.002×saliva IL-1β). Conclusions:This study provides a preliminary exploration of a clinical assessment model for BMS based on inflammatory markers and psychological scores, offering an exploratory framework for further research and optimization of the model.

Objective:To explore the latent categories of sleep quality in shift nurses using latent profile analysis, and analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of each category.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 1 480 shift nurses from three ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Fuyang city from January to February 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-5. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify the latent categories of sleep quality, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different sleep quality categories. In this study, a total of 1 480 questionnaires were distributed. After excluding 28 invalid questionnaires, 1 452 valid questionnaires were retrieved, the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires was 98.11%.Results:The sleep quality of 1 452 shift nurses was classified into four latent categories: 44.5% (647/1 452) were in the "sleep impairment" category, 44.6% (648/1 452) in the "good sleep" category, 4.0% (58/1 452) in the "difficulty falling asleep-low efficiency" category, and 6.8% (99/1 452) in the "sleep disorder-medication-induced sleep" category. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that perceived stress, monthly night shift frequency, sleep timing, daytime napping, and years of work experience were significant influencing factors for sleep quality ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Sleep quality among shift nurses shows heterogeneity. Nursing managers should develop tailored management strategies and implement targeted sleep hygiene interventions based on nurses' sleep quality characteristics to improve their sleep quality.

Aim To investigate the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol(4-MBA),an active ingredient of Gastrodia elata,on hepatic cholesterol metabolism.Methods Acute hy-perlipidemia mouse models were established via egg yolk emulsion induction,and hyperlipidemia rat models were constructed using a high-fat diet.Serum and he-patic total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were quan-tified via enzymatic assays.Hepatic histopathological changes were evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Oil Red O staining.Interactions between 4-MBA and key cholesterol metabolism targets were sim-ulated using molecular docking.mRNA and protein ex-pression levels of LDL receptor(LDLR),proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9),liver X receptor α(LXRα),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),ATP-binding cassette transporter G1(ABCG1),and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)were assessed using quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction(qPCR)and immunohistochemis-try.Results In acute hyperlipidemic mice,4-MBA administration significantly reduced serum TG and LDL-C levels while elevating HDL-C(P＜0.05).Hy-perlipidemic rats exhibited decreased serum TG and LDL-C,increased HDL-C(P＜0.01),reduced hepatic LDL-C(P＜0.01),and elevated hepatic HDL-C(P＜0.01).Although TC levels showed a downward trend,the difference lacked statistical significance.He-patic lipid accumulation and steatosis were alleviated.Upregulated mRNA and protein expression of LDLR,PPARγ,LXRα,and ABCG1(P＜0.01),alongside downregulated PCSK9(P＜0.05),were observed.Conclusion 4-MBA modulates cholesterol metabolism primarily via the LDLR/PCSK9 pathway to enhance cholesterol uptake and the PPARγ-LXRα-CYP7A1/ABCA1 axis to promote cholesterol utilization and ef-flux.