Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, remains a significant clinical challenge despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy, with drug resistance persisting as a major obstacle. Palmitoylation, a critical post-translational modification (PTM) primarily catalyzed by palmitoyltransferases of the zinc finger DHHC-type (ZDHHC), has recently demonstrated important implications in NSCLC. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical potential of ZDHHC-mediated protein palmitoylation in NSCLC progression and immune escape.
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Humans ; Lipoylation ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Acyltransferases/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Animals

Objective To explore the expression level of zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13 (ZC3H13)in gastric cancer based on bioinformatics techniques,along with clinicopathological stag-ing,prognostic survival,immune infiltration,correlation analysis,protein-protein interactions,and enrichment analysis.Methods Using the UALCAN database and the Gene Expression Profiling Inter-active Analysis(GEPIA)databases,the expression differences of ZC3H13 between normal gastric tis-sues and gastric cancer tissues,as well as the significance of clinical pathological data were compared.The correlation between ZC3H13 expression levels in gastric cancer tissues and patient survival progno-sis was assessed using univariate survival analysis through the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website and the GEPIA database.The relationship between ZC3H13 expression and immune infiltration levels in gastric cancer was explored using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource(TIMER)database.Co-expression genes significantly correlated with ZC3H13 expression in gastric cancer were identified through the Linkedomics database.The protein-protein interaction network of ZC3H13 and its common target genes in gastric cancer was constructed using the STRING website,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.Results Compared to normal gastric tissues,ZC3H13 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer,and its high ex-pression was closely associated with patient age,ethnicity,tissue subtype,and other factors.Pa-tients with high ZC3H13 expression showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival(OS)or progression-free survival(PFS)time compared to patients with low expression(P＞0.05).Immune analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between ZC3H13 expression and the infiltration density of CD8+T cells,macrophages,neutrophils,and dendritic immune cells in gastric cancer(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that ZC3H13 expression in gastric cancer was significantly positively correlated with the gene expression of DAK,DDK1,and BCL7C,and negatively correlated with the expression of FAM10A4,SLC6A7,and TAC1(P＜0.05).The pro-tein interaction network indicated that proteins interacting with ZC3H13 in gastric cancer included VIRMA,WTAP,METTL3,METTL14,RBM15,and others.Enrichment analysis revealed that dif-ferentially expressed genes in gastric cancer were mainly enriched in RNA polymerase,nucleotide excision repair,thyroid hormone signaling pathway,and other pathways.Conclusion ZC3H13 is overexpressed in gastric cancer,and its elevated expression is linked to the clinicopathological stage,patient survival time,and immune cell infiltration levels.Additionally,ZC3H13 may partici-pate in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer through interactions with key molecules such as VIRMA and METTL3.These findings suggest that ZC3H13 could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer prognosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health issue today. A novel TB vaccine is a key approach to reaching the targets of WHO's End-TB Strategy. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research and development of TB vaccines both in China and abroad. A breakthrough has been made in both application scenarios and technological routes, and several vaccine candidates have entered phase Ⅲ clinical trials. This review summarizes information from clinical trials involving key TB vaccine candidates under development in China and abroad. It highlights six candidates that are most promising for marketing or inspiring future research and development, analyzes the current difficulties in the research and development of novel TB vaccines, and provides an outlook for the future.

Objective To explore the effect of organizational climate on work alienation in psychiatric nurses,and the mediating role of psychological capital and positive coping styles between organizational climate and work alienation,in order to provide a reference for reducing work alienation among psychiatric nurses.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select nurses working in 6 tertiary A psychiatric hospitals in Shandong Province from January to July 2024,and the general questionnaire,Nurses' Work Alienation Questionnaire,Organizational Climate Scale for Nursing,Psychological Capital Questionnaire,and Simple Coping Style Scale were used to conduct the survey and the mediation effect test.Results A total of 606 questionnaires were recovered,of which 572 were valid,and the validity rate of the questionnaires was 94.39％.Psychiatric nurses scored(89.58±13.69)for nursing organizational climate,(32.48±11.31)for work alienation,(97.28±19.12)for psychological capital,and(23.93±7.22)for positive coping styles.There was a direct effect of nursing organizational climate on work alienation(β=-0.681,95％CI=-0.824～-0.539).Psychological capital and positive coping styles acted as separate mediators and chain mediators in the effect of nursing organizational climate on work alienation(β=-0.116,-0.048,-0.019,95％CI=-0.182～-0.034,-0.086～-0.006,-0.042～-0.002).Conclusion There are multiple mediating effects of psychiatric nurses' psychological capital,positive coping styles between nursing organizational climate and work alienation.Nursing managers can enhance psychiatric nurses' psychological capital by creating a positive and healthy organizational climate,encouraging them to adopt positive coping styles to solve problems,and reducing work alienation.

Objective:To investigate the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and to identify potential microbial biomarkers with diagnostic values.Methods:A total of 16 NMOSD patients, 6 MOGAD patients, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology since June 2024. Fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Differential microbes were identified using LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size), and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic potential. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between key microbes, metabolites, and serum antibody titers.Results:Distinct alterations in gut microbiota were observed in both disease groups compared with healthy controls. Ligilactobacillus salivarius was significantly enriched in both NMOSD and MOGAD patients and exhibited robust diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve=0.779 P=0.005). Metabolomics revealed that levels of ethosuximide and lysine-proline were elevated, while free fatty acids (15∶1) and 5, 6-dihydrothymine were reduced in the disease groups. Analysis results indicated that Ligilactobacillus salivarius abundance was positively correlated with aquaporin 4 antibody titers in NMOSD patients ( r=0.522, P=0.046). Conclusions:Patients with NMOSD and MOGAD have characteristic alterations in gut microbial and metabolic profiles.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health issue today. A novel TB vaccine is a key approach to reaching the targets of WHO's End-TB Strategy. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research and development of TB vaccines both in China and abroad. A breakthrough has been made in both application scenarios and technological routes, and several vaccine candidates have entered phase Ⅲ clinical trials. This review summarizes information from clinical trials involving key TB vaccine candidates under development in China and abroad. It highlights six candidates that are most promising for marketing or inspiring future research and development, analyzes the current difficulties in the research and development of novel TB vaccines, and provides an outlook for the future.

Objective:To analyze the research hotspots and trends of non-pharmacological interventions for geriatric depression, to provide a reference for conducting relevant research in China.Methods:Literature on non-pharmacological interventions for geriatric depression was electronically searched in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The search period was from database establishment to June 1, 2024. The authors, institutions, countries, and keywords of the published articles were visually analyzed based on CiteSpace 6.2.R7.Results:A total of 238 articles in Chinese and 342 articles in English were included. There was an overall fluctuating upward trend in the number of publications on non-pharmacological interventions for geriatric depression. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, acupuncture therapy and psychotherapy, music therapy, and exercise therapy were the research hotspots. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and music therapy for the improvement of cognitive function and neurotransmitters in patients, and Meta-analysis and systematic review of related studies were the research trends.Conclusions:Non-pharmacological interventions for geriatric depression have attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. High-quality studies should be conducted in China to strengthen the cooperation among institutions and authors, and to explore non-pharmacological intervention programs suitable for our geriatric depression population.

Objective To explore the effect of organizational climate on work alienation in psychiatric nurses,and the mediating role of psychological capital and positive coping styles between organizational climate and work alienation,in order to provide a reference for reducing work alienation among psychiatric nurses.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select nurses working in 6 tertiary A psychiatric hospitals in Shandong Province from January to July 2024,and the general questionnaire,Nurses' Work Alienation Questionnaire,Organizational Climate Scale for Nursing,Psychological Capital Questionnaire,and Simple Coping Style Scale were used to conduct the survey and the mediation effect test.Results A total of 606 questionnaires were recovered,of which 572 were valid,and the validity rate of the questionnaires was 94.39％.Psychiatric nurses scored(89.58±13.69)for nursing organizational climate,(32.48±11.31)for work alienation,(97.28±19.12)for psychological capital,and(23.93±7.22)for positive coping styles.There was a direct effect of nursing organizational climate on work alienation(β=-0.681,95％CI=-0.824～-0.539).Psychological capital and positive coping styles acted as separate mediators and chain mediators in the effect of nursing organizational climate on work alienation(β=-0.116,-0.048,-0.019,95％CI=-0.182～-0.034,-0.086～-0.006,-0.042～-0.002).Conclusion There are multiple mediating effects of psychiatric nurses' psychological capital,positive coping styles between nursing organizational climate and work alienation.Nursing managers can enhance psychiatric nurses' psychological capital by creating a positive and healthy organizational climate,encouraging them to adopt positive coping styles to solve problems,and reducing work alienation.

Objective:To analyze the research hotspots and trends of non-pharmacological interventions for geriatric depression, to provide a reference for conducting relevant research in China.Methods:Literature on non-pharmacological interventions for geriatric depression was electronically searched in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The search period was from database establishment to June 1, 2024. The authors, institutions, countries, and keywords of the published articles were visually analyzed based on CiteSpace 6.2.R7.Results:A total of 238 articles in Chinese and 342 articles in English were included. There was an overall fluctuating upward trend in the number of publications on non-pharmacological interventions for geriatric depression. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, acupuncture therapy and psychotherapy, music therapy, and exercise therapy were the research hotspots. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and music therapy for the improvement of cognitive function and neurotransmitters in patients, and Meta-analysis and systematic review of related studies were the research trends.Conclusions:Non-pharmacological interventions for geriatric depression have attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. High-quality studies should be conducted in China to strengthen the cooperation among institutions and authors, and to explore non-pharmacological intervention programs suitable for our geriatric depression population.

Objective:To investigate the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and to identify potential microbial biomarkers with diagnostic values.Methods:A total of 16 NMOSD patients, 6 MOGAD patients, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology since June 2024. Fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Differential microbes were identified using LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size), and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic potential. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between key microbes, metabolites, and serum antibody titers.Results:Distinct alterations in gut microbiota were observed in both disease groups compared with healthy controls. Ligilactobacillus salivarius was significantly enriched in both NMOSD and MOGAD patients and exhibited robust diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve=0.779 P=0.005). Metabolomics revealed that levels of ethosuximide and lysine-proline were elevated, while free fatty acids (15∶1) and 5, 6-dihydrothymine were reduced in the disease groups. Analysis results indicated that Ligilactobacillus salivarius abundance was positively correlated with aquaporin 4 antibody titers in NMOSD patients ( r=0.522, P=0.046). Conclusions:Patients with NMOSD and MOGAD have characteristic alterations in gut microbial and metabolic profiles.