ObjectiveTo establish an ultra-performance liquid fingerprint and multi-components determination method for Naomaili granules. To evaluate the quality of different batches by chemometrics， and the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of water extract and main components of Naomaili granules were tested in vitro. MethodsThe similarity and common peaks of 27 batches of Naomaili granules were evaluated by using Ultra performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint detection. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） technology was used to determine the content of the index components in Naomaili granules and to evaluate the quality of different batches of Naomaili granules by chemometrics. LPS-induced BV-2 cell inflammation model was used to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the water extract and main components of Naomaili granules. ResultsThe similarity of fingerprints of 27 batches of samples was > 0.90. A total of 32 common peaks were calibrated， and 23 of them were identified and assigned. In 27 batches of Naomaili granules， the mass fractions of 14 components that were stachydrine hydrochloride， leonurine hydrochloride， calycosin-7-O-glucoside， calycosin，tanshinoneⅠ， cryptotanshinone， tanshinoneⅡ_A， ginsenoside Rb₁， notoginsenoside R₁， ginsenoside Rg₁， paeoniflorin， albiflorin， lactiflorin， and salvianolic acid B were found to be 2.902-3.498， 0.233-0.343， 0.111-0.301， 0.07-0.152， 0.136-0.228， 0.195-0.390， 0.324-0.482， 1.056-1.435， 0.271-0.397， 1.318-1.649， 3.038-4.059， 2.263-3.455， 0.152-0.232， 2.931-3.991 mg∙g^-1， respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that paeoniflorin， ginsenoside Rg₁， ginsenoside Rb₁ and staphylline hydrochloride were quality difference markers to control the stability of the preparation. The results of bioactive experiment showed that the water extract of Naomaili granules and the eight main components with high content in the prescription had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the release of NO in the cell supernatant. Among them， salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rb₁ had strong anti-inflammatory activity， with IC₅₀ values of （36.11±0.15） mg∙L^-1 and （27.24±0.54） mg∙L^-1， respectively. ConclusionThe quality evaluation method of Naomaili granules established in this study was accurate and reproducible. Four quality difference markers were screened out， and eight key pharmacodynamic substances of Naomaili granules against neuroinflammation were screened out by in vitro cell experiments.

ObjectiveTo characterize the changes in the overall chemical profile and key index components during nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying processing of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， and to reveal the change law of its material basis. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to analyze the changes in the overall chemical profile of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces， and the contents of 15 main active components such as chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside， chrysophanol and gallic acid in the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying were determined. Combined with chemometrics， the contents and quantity ratio relationships of the glycosides， aglycones and tannins during the processing of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were analyzed， and the partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and cluster analysis of the main components in different steaming times were conducted， the statistically significant differential markers were selected with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. ResultsIn the nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying process of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， there were certain regularity in the number and peak area of characteristic peaks and the steaming and sun-drying times， the anthraquinone glycosides and aglycones could be roughly divided into three stages， including rapid change stage， fluctuation change stage and stable stage， and the total amount of tannins showed a decreasing trend. However， the ratios between the three components mentioned above tended to stabilize after five rounds of steaming and sun-drying. The results of PLS-DA and cluster heatmap showed that the content of each component in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma fluctuated greatly during the 1-4 steaming and sun-drying processes， while the content of each component was relatively close during the 5-9 steaming and sun-drying processes. After screening， it was found that chrysophanol， emodin， chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside， rhein， physcion and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside could be used as the index components for distinguishing the processed products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma with different steaming and sun-drying times. ConclusionThe changes in the properties and efficacy of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma caused by the processing of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying are due to the changes in the composition and ratio of various glycosides and complex tannins in this herb， which is also the key to the formation of its characteristic of "purgation with supplement". This study can provide a basis for the research on the processing mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and the establishment of processing specifications.

Adaptive optics(AO)is a technology designed to enhance the performance of optical systems through real-time measurement and correction of optical aberrations. With continuous advancements in refractive surgery techniques and rising patient expectations for surgical outcomes, the precise implementation of personalized refractive corrections has become a critical focus. The integration of AO technology into refractive surgery provides novel technical support. Specifically, the adaptive optics vision simulator(VAO)facilitates accurate preoperative objective and subjective refraction by dynamically measuring and correcting ocular wavefront aberrations, thereby improving refractive efficiency. Additionally, it enables effective prediction of postoperative aberrations for personalized procedures, assists clinicians in making data-driven preoperative decisions, facilitates comparative analysis of different surgical techniques, and allows intuitive evaluation of postoperative visual quality. This review comprehensively examines the advances in VAO applications for refractive surgery and analyzes both its clinical advantages and technical limitations.

With the accelerating process of population aging, binocular vision disorders have become increasingly prevalent, posing new challenges for both social aging strategies and ophthalmic clinical practice. Non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies(NSBVAs)are notably prevalent among elderly populations; however, current research predominantly focuses on the abnormality rates derived from individual binocular vision clinical tests, while data on the actual prevalence based on comprehensive diagnostic criteria remain limited. This review synthesizes existing scientific literature to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical diagnostic methods of NSBVAs in pre-presbyopic and presbyopic populations, with an in-depth examination of age-related changes in binocular vision function among older adults. By integrating and comparing analyses of the correlations between age and various binocular vision parameters, this review aims to enhance understanding of age-related binocular vision dysfunction and establish a theoretical foundation for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Ultimately, these insights could contribute to improved visual performance and life satisfaction in elderly individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combination regimen containing daratumumab in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 14 newly diagnosed MM patients and 58 relapsed refractory MM patients treated with combination regimen containing daratumumab from November 2020 to March 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and safety of combination regimen were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of the 72 patients was 62 (38-78) years, including 35 males and 37 females. The overall response rate (ORR) of patients receiving first-line, second-line, and third-line or above treatment was 92.9% (13/14), 68.2% (30/44), and 42.9% (6/14), respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached, 15.4 months, and 9.7 months in three groups, respectively (all P <0.05), while the median overall survival (OS) was all not reached. Among relapsed refractory patients, the ORR of those treated with DVd, DPd and DRd regimen was 50.0% (12/24), 40.0% (4/10) and 100% (10/10), the median PFS was 2.8 months, 10.3 months and not reached, and the median OS was 15.4 months, not reached and not reached, respectively. Furthermore, the PFS and OS in the DRd group were superior to those in the other two groups (all P <0.05). Cox univariate and multivariate analysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥250 U/L and extramedullary disease were independent adverse prognostic factors for PFS, and LDH ≥250 U/L was also an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS. Hematologic adverse reactions were mainly lymphopenia (87.5%) and thrombocytopenia (52.8%), while non-hematologic adverse reactions were mainly infusion-related reactions (19.4%) and infections (11.1%). CONCLUSIONS The combination regimens containing daratumumab can be used as first-line treatment for patients with newly diagnosed MM. In patients with relapsed refractory MM, early use of regimens containing daratumumab may improve treatment response rate and prolong PFS. The DRd regimen has better therapeutic response and survival advantages. LDH is an independent prognostic factor affecting PFS and OS in MM patients.
Humans ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage* ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of sulfasalazine (SASP) therapy for intrahepatic cholestasis.Methods:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5%), a model group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5%), a SASP group (sulfasalazine 150 mg/kg), and an ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA 100 mg/kg) group, with ten rats in each group. The cholestatic liver injury model was induced using α-naphthylisothiocyanate. Blood samples were collected to detect liver biochemistry and cholestasis indexes. Rat liver tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining and Mason staining. Liver tissue was analyzed using transcriptome sequencing, real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Simultaneously, the level of inflammatory factors, total cholesterol, and total bile acids were measured in liver tissue. A t-test or a nonparametric test was selected based on the distribution and variance characteristics of the data. Results:The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase [(386.88±155.77) U/L], aspartate aminotransferase [(593.13±251.44) U/L], alkaline phosphatase [(561.25±167.54) U/L], total bilirubin [(38.00±29.75) mol/L] and total bile acids [(191.31±91.48) mol/L] were significantly lower in the SASP than the model groups [(778.75±313.59) U/L, (1 159.38±274.62) U/L, (801.25±161.28) U/L, (86.63±27.83) mol/L, (432.63±151.54) mol/L, P<0.05]. Liver histopathology showed that the inflammatory cells in the manifold area, the bile duct proliferation and dilation, and the collagen deposition in the manifold area were significantly improved under the pathological state of cholestasis in the SASP group. The results of transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that SASP activated the peroxisome proliferator actived receptor α (PPAR α) and inhibited Th17 cell differentiation. The PPARα mRNA level in the liver tissue of rats was significantly increased in the SASP group compared with that in the model group [(0.41±0.28) vs. (0.16±0.04), P<0.05], and the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was decreased compared with that in the model group [(3.09±1.16) vs. (8.19±2.19), P<0.05], which was also verified at the protein level. The concentrations of total cholesterol [(0.31±0.34) mmol/g] and total bile acids [(2.58±0.99) μmol/g] were lower than the model group [(0.83±0.62) mmol/g and (4.07±0.91) μmol/g] ( P<0.05), and at the same time it was accompanied by lower levels of inflammatory factors ( P<0.05). SASP treatment decreased the expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt gene ( P<0.05) and the proportion of Th17 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SASP can improve cholestatic liver injury, and its mechanism is related to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and the inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation.

Objective To discuss the risk factors and genotype distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection in women aged 18～60 in Liaoning region.Methods A total of 12688 women aged 18～60 from Liaoning Province from June to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects.Logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors for HR-HPV infection in women aged 18～60 in the Liaoning region,and the distribution of gene types was statistically analyzed.Results Among 12688 women aged 18～60 in Liaoning region,2992(23.58%)were infected with HR-HPV.Among the 2992 with HR-HPV infection,2804 were infected with single infection and 188 with mixed infection.Among the 2804 single infected individuals,the main genetic types were HPV 16,HPV 52,and HPV 58 respectively.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that divorce or widowhood(OR=3.005,P=0.001),age of first sexual intercourse younger than 18 years old(OR=2.111,P=0.002),number of abortions more than 2 times(OR=1.703,P=0.000),lack of previous HPV vaccination(OR=4.852,P=0.000),smoking history(OR=3.169,P=0.000),cervical and vaginal inflammation(OR=4.741,P=0.002),and syphilis infection(OR=3.726,P=0.000)were independent risk factors for HR-HPV infection in women aged 18～60 in Liaoning region.Conclusion The main genotypes of HR-HPV infection among women aged 18-60 in Liaoning region were HPV 16,HPV 52,and HPV 58.HR-HPV infection was associated with divorce or widowhood,age of first sexual intercourse"<18 years old",number of abortions"≥2 times",lack of previous HPV vaccination,smoking history,cervical and vaginal inflammation,syphilis infection.It is recommended that prevention and control measures for HR-HPV infection among women aged 18-60 years in Liaoning region be formulated and optimized targeting the aforementioned independent risk factors,so as to reduce the HR-HPV infection rate in this population.

Sleep is an instinctive behavior alternating awakening state, sleep entails many active processes occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. The function of sleep is to restore cellular energy, enhance immunity, promote growth and development, consolidate learning and memory to ensure normal life activities. However, with the increasing of social pressure involved in work and life, the incidence of sleep disorders (SD) is increasing year by year. In the short term, sleep disorders lead to impaired memory and attention; in the longer term, it produces neurological dysfunction or even death. There are many ways to directly or indirectly contribute to sleep disorder and keep the hormones, including pharmacological alternative treatments, light therapy and stimulus control therapy. Exercise is also an effective and healthy therapeutic strategy for improving sleep. The intensities, time periods, and different types of exercise have different health benefits for sleep, which can be found through indicators such as sleep quality, sleep efficiency and total sleep time. So it is more and more important to analyze the mechanism and find effective regulation targets during sleep disorder through exercise. Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which not only participates in action initiation, movement regulation and emotion regulation, but also plays a key role in the steady-state remodeling of sleep-awakening state transition. Appreciable evidence shows that sleep disorder on humans and rodents evokes anomalies in the dopaminergic signaling, which are also implicated in the development of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia or substance abuse. Experiments have shown that DA in different neural pathways plays different regulatory roles in sleep behavior, we found that increasing evidence from rodent studies revealed a role for ventral tegmental area DA neurons in regulating sleep-wake patterns. DA signal transduction and neurotransmitter release patterns have complex interactions with behavioral regulation. In addition, experiments have shown that exercise causes changes in DA homeostasis in the brain, which may regulate sleep through different mechanisms, including cAMP response element binding protein signal transduction, changes in the circadian rhythm of biological clock genes, and interactions with endogenous substances such as adenosine, which affect neuronal structure and play a neuroprotective role. This review aims to introduce the regulatory effects of exercise on sleep disorder, especially the regulatory mechanism of DA in this process. The analysis of intracerebral DA signals also requires support from neurophysiological and chemical techniques. Our laboratory has established and developed an in vivo brain neurochemical analysis platform, which provides support for future research on the regulation of sleep-wake cycles by movement. We hope it can provide theoretical reference for the formulation of exercise prescription for clinical sleep disorder and give some advice to the combined intervention of drugs and exercise.

Objective:To observe the effect of different degrees of decentration and tilt on the optical quality of the intraocular lenses (IOLs) with different focus designs.Methods:The UV 3300 PC UV-visible spectrophotometer was employed to measure the spectral transmittance of the monofocal IOL CT ASPHINA 509M (509M), bifocal IOL AT LISA 809M (809M), and trifocal IOL AT LISA Tri 839MP (839MP) within Zeiss MICS platform with a refractive power of + 20 D. The modulation transfer function (MTF) values at a spatial frequency of 50 lp/mm along with MTF curves and United States Air Force (USAF) resolution test charts for each IOL at the focal point were measured at apertures of 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm using the in vitro optical quality testing system OptiSpheric IOL R&D under centered, decentered (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 mm) and tilted (3°, 5°, 7°, 9° and 11°) conditions. Results:All three IOLs filtrated the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum below 400 nm.When each IOL was in the centered position, at the 3.0 mm aperture, the MTF values were 0.772 at the far focus of the monofocal IOL 509M, 0.467 and 0.282 at the far and near focus of the bifocal IOL 809M, and 0.416, 0.147, and 0.229 at the far, intermediate, and near focus of the trifocal IOL 839MP, respectively.Whereas at the 4.5 mm aperture, the monofocal IOL 509M MTF value at the far focus was 0.664, the bifocal IOL 809M MTF values at the far and near focus were 0.506 and 0.264, and the trifocal IOL 839MP MTF values at the far, intermediate, and near focus were 0.392, 0.107, and 0.210, respectively.Among the three centered IOLs, the 509M demonstrated the highest MTF value at the far focus, followed by the 809M and then the 839MP; at the near focus, the MTF value of the 809M surpassed that of the 839MP.For decentration and tilt, the difference in MTF values of the three IOLs at the far and near focus was consistent with the differences observed when they were centered.At the same degree of decentration and tilt, all three IOLs exhibited superior optical quality at the 3.0 mm aperture compared to the 4.5 mm aperture.The optical quality of all three IOLs exhibited an overall decline as decentration and tilt increased.All three IOLs demonstrated a decrease in optical quality at the decentration of 0.3 mm or the tilt of 5°.Conclusions:The IOLs within the Zeiss MICS platform design exhibits identical spectral transmittance and UV filtering properties.Among the three IOLs, when centered, the 509M, the 839MP, and the 809M exhibit superior optical quality at the far, intermediate, and near focal points, respectively.Under decentered and tilted conditions, the 509M and the 809M demonstrate better resistance against decentration and tilt, respectively, at both far and near focuses.Additionally, all three IOLs demonstrate better optical quality at smaller apertures, given equivalent degrees of decentration or tilt.However, the optical quality at each focal point of the three IOLs decreases compared to the centered position when subjected to a decentration of 0.3 mm or a tilt of 5°.

Objective:To observe the effect of different degrees of decentration and tilt on the optical quality of the intraocular lenses (IOLs) with different focus designs.Methods:The UV 3300 PC UV-visible spectrophotometer was employed to measure the spectral transmittance of the monofocal IOL CT ASPHINA 509M (509M), bifocal IOL AT LISA 809M (809M), and trifocal IOL AT LISA Tri 839MP (839MP) within Zeiss MICS platform with a refractive power of + 20 D. The modulation transfer function (MTF) values at a spatial frequency of 50 lp/mm along with MTF curves and United States Air Force (USAF) resolution test charts for each IOL at the focal point were measured at apertures of 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm using the in vitro optical quality testing system OptiSpheric IOL R&D under centered, decentered (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 mm) and tilted (3°, 5°, 7°, 9° and 11°) conditions. Results:All three IOLs filtrated the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum below 400 nm.When each IOL was in the centered position, at the 3.0 mm aperture, the MTF values were 0.772 at the far focus of the monofocal IOL 509M, 0.467 and 0.282 at the far and near focus of the bifocal IOL 809M, and 0.416, 0.147, and 0.229 at the far, intermediate, and near focus of the trifocal IOL 839MP, respectively.Whereas at the 4.5 mm aperture, the monofocal IOL 509M MTF value at the far focus was 0.664, the bifocal IOL 809M MTF values at the far and near focus were 0.506 and 0.264, and the trifocal IOL 839MP MTF values at the far, intermediate, and near focus were 0.392, 0.107, and 0.210, respectively.Among the three centered IOLs, the 509M demonstrated the highest MTF value at the far focus, followed by the 809M and then the 839MP; at the near focus, the MTF value of the 809M surpassed that of the 839MP.For decentration and tilt, the difference in MTF values of the three IOLs at the far and near focus was consistent with the differences observed when they were centered.At the same degree of decentration and tilt, all three IOLs exhibited superior optical quality at the 3.0 mm aperture compared to the 4.5 mm aperture.The optical quality of all three IOLs exhibited an overall decline as decentration and tilt increased.All three IOLs demonstrated a decrease in optical quality at the decentration of 0.3 mm or the tilt of 5°.Conclusions:The IOLs within the Zeiss MICS platform design exhibits identical spectral transmittance and UV filtering properties.Among the three IOLs, when centered, the 509M, the 839MP, and the 809M exhibit superior optical quality at the far, intermediate, and near focal points, respectively.Under decentered and tilted conditions, the 509M and the 809M demonstrate better resistance against decentration and tilt, respectively, at both far and near focuses.Additionally, all three IOLs demonstrate better optical quality at smaller apertures, given equivalent degrees of decentration or tilt.However, the optical quality at each focal point of the three IOLs decreases compared to the centered position when subjected to a decentration of 0.3 mm or a tilt of 5°.