Objective:To construct an evidence-based practice program for dietary management of patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on best evidence and to evaluate the effectiveness of its application.Methods:The best evidence for dietary management of non-dialysis CKD patients was summarized. From September to October 2022, following the evidence clinical transformation model of the Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing, the best evidence was screened and evidence-based practice program were developed, taking into account patients' wishes, expert opinions, and clinical contexts. From November 2022 through March 2023, baseline reviews, analysis of barriers and facilitators were implemented. Between April 2023 and April 2024, evidence-based practice was carried out in the Department of Nephrology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University to compare the implementation rate of review indicators at the system, practitioner, and patient levels, and practitioners' knowledge before and after the application of evidence.Results:A total of 14 review indicators were developed. The implementation rate of the 12 review indicators and the practitioners' knowledge of the CKD diet were elevated after the evidence-based practice ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Evidence-based practice program for dietary management of patients with non-dialysis CKD has a positive effect on improving practitioners' knowledge of non-dialysis CKD diets, implementation rate of dietary management behaviors, and patients' dietary behaviors.

Objective To determine the effect of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an ≥60-year-old elderly population.Methods A total of 16 642 older adults(≥60 years)were subjected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2018.According to the tertile of non-HDL-C level,the par-ticipants were divided into tertile 1(＜3.15 mmol/L,n=5499),tertile 2(3.15-4.06 mmol/L,n=5499),and tertile 3 groups(＞4.06 mmol/L,n=5644).The occurrences of all-cause,cardiovascu-lar,and non-cardiovascular death were identified as the study endpoint.Cox proportional hazards regression,Kaplan-Meier survival and restricted cubic spline curve analyses were applied for sta-tistical study.Results An obvious L-shaped associations were observed in non-HDL-C level with risks for all-cause,cardiovascular,and non-cardiovascular death.After adjusting multivariable,the tertile 1 group had significantly higher risks for all-cause,cardiovascular,and non-cardiovascular death than the tertile 2 group(HR=1.123,95％CI:1.054-1.200,P=0.000;HR=1.142,95％CI:1.024-1.292,P=0.027;HR=1.113,95％CI:1.033-1.210,P=0.011).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the tertile 1 group had notably lower survival rate than the tertile 2 group and the tertile 3 group(P＜0.01).Threshold effect analysis revealed that when non-HDL-C level was lower than 3.36,3.18 and 3.59 mmol/L,respectively,the risk of all-cause,cardiovascular,and noncardiovascular mortality was increased.Conclusion In the elderly ≥60-year-old population,non-HDL-C level exhibited a L-shaped association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality,and＞3.18 mmol/L is regarded as a rational range.

Objective:To construct an evidence-based practice program for dietary management of patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on best evidence and to evaluate the effectiveness of its application.Methods:The best evidence for dietary management of non-dialysis CKD patients was summarized. From September to October 2022, following the evidence clinical transformation model of the Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing, the best evidence was screened and evidence-based practice program were developed, taking into account patients' wishes, expert opinions, and clinical contexts. From November 2022 through March 2023, baseline reviews, analysis of barriers and facilitators were implemented. Between April 2023 and April 2024, evidence-based practice was carried out in the Department of Nephrology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University to compare the implementation rate of review indicators at the system, practitioner, and patient levels, and practitioners' knowledge before and after the application of evidence.Results:A total of 14 review indicators were developed. The implementation rate of the 12 review indicators and the practitioners' knowledge of the CKD diet were elevated after the evidence-based practice ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Evidence-based practice program for dietary management of patients with non-dialysis CKD has a positive effect on improving practitioners' knowledge of non-dialysis CKD diets, implementation rate of dietary management behaviors, and patients' dietary behaviors.

Objective To determine the effect of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an ≥60-year-old elderly population.Methods A total of 16 642 older adults(≥60 years)were subjected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2018.According to the tertile of non-HDL-C level,the par-ticipants were divided into tertile 1(＜3.15 mmol/L,n=5499),tertile 2(3.15-4.06 mmol/L,n=5499),and tertile 3 groups(＞4.06 mmol/L,n=5644).The occurrences of all-cause,cardiovascu-lar,and non-cardiovascular death were identified as the study endpoint.Cox proportional hazards regression,Kaplan-Meier survival and restricted cubic spline curve analyses were applied for sta-tistical study.Results An obvious L-shaped associations were observed in non-HDL-C level with risks for all-cause,cardiovascular,and non-cardiovascular death.After adjusting multivariable,the tertile 1 group had significantly higher risks for all-cause,cardiovascular,and non-cardiovascular death than the tertile 2 group(HR=1.123,95％CI:1.054-1.200,P=0.000;HR=1.142,95％CI:1.024-1.292,P=0.027;HR=1.113,95％CI:1.033-1.210,P=0.011).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the tertile 1 group had notably lower survival rate than the tertile 2 group and the tertile 3 group(P＜0.01).Threshold effect analysis revealed that when non-HDL-C level was lower than 3.36,3.18 and 3.59 mmol/L,respectively,the risk of all-cause,cardiovascular,and noncardiovascular mortality was increased.Conclusion In the elderly ≥60-year-old population,non-HDL-C level exhibited a L-shaped association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality,and＞3.18 mmol/L is regarded as a rational range.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets in the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).Methods:A multicenter nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 282 acute NAION patients (282 eyes) were recruited from 16 hospitals in China from July 2020 to May 2021.Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment methods, which were control group (124 cases, 124 eyes) receiving regular treatment including citicoline sodium plus Ginkgo biloba leaf liquid extract or Ginkgo biloba leaf extract tablets plus mecobalamin, and experimental group (158 cases, 158 eyes) receiving treatment in control group plus oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets 1 mg, twice daily for 2 to 3 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field index (VFI), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC) were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after enrollment using the standard decimal visual acuity chart, 750i Humphery visual field analyzer, Cirrus HD-OCT 4000/Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, RTVue-XR optical coherence tomography respectively.The primary outcomes were BCVA and VFI, and the secondary outcomes were pRNFL, RPC, and the side effects during the follow-up.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.All patients were fully informed about the treatment and purpose of this study and voluntarily signed the informed consent form.The study protocol was approved by Chinese PLA General Hospital (No.S2020-021-01). Results:In all, 242 patients (242 eyes) completed the follow-up of BCVA, and 98 patients (98 eyes) completed the VFI follow-up.In terms of visual function, BCVA and VFI improved significantly over time in the two groups, and BCVA and VFI were better in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). In terms of structure, pRNFL gradually decreased in both groups with the extension of treatment, and pRNFL was significanthy thinner in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in RPC between the two groups at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). There were two cases with side effects and one case was discontinued due to side effects 25 days after enrollment. Conclusions:Oral anisodine hydrobromide can improve visual acuity and visual field in NAION and accelerate the regression of optic disc edema, with good safety.

Population genomic approaches,which take advantages of high-throughput genotyping,are powerful yet costly methods to scan for selective sweeps.DNA-pooling strategies have been widely used for association studies because it is a cost-effective alternative to large-scale individual genotyping.Here,we performed an SNP-MaP(single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and pooling)analysis using samples from Eurasia to evaluate the efficiency of pooling strategy in genome-wide scans for selection.By conducting simulations of allelotype data,we first demonstrated that the boxplot with average heterozygosity(HET)is a promising method to detect strong selective sweeps with a moderate level of pooling error.Based on this,we used a sliding window analysis of HET to detect the large contiguous regions(LCRs)putatively under selective sweeps from Eurasia datasets.This survey identified 63 LCRs in a European population.These signals were further supported by the integrated haplotype score(iHS)test using HapMap Ⅱ data.We also confirrned the European-specific signatures of positive selection from several previously identified genes(KEL,TRPV5,TRPV6,EPHB6).In summary,our results not only revealed the high credibility of SNP-MaP strategy in scanning for selective sweeps,but also provided an insight into the population differentiation.