This study aimed to investigate the correlation between changes in intestinal toxicity and compositional alterations of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix(commonly known as Langdu) before and after milk processing, and to explore the detoxification mechanism of milk processing. Mice were intragastrically administered the 95% ethanol extract of raw Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix, milk-decocted(milk-processed), and water-decocted(water-processed) Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix. Fecal morphology, fecal water content, and the release levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in different intestinal segments were used as indicators to evaluate the effects of different processing methods on the cathartic effect and intestinal inflammatory toxicity of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix. LC-MS/MS was employed to analyze the small-molecule components in the raw product, the 95% ethanol extract of the milk-processed product, and the milky waste(precipitate) formed during milk processing, to assess the impact of milk processing on the chemical composition of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix. The results showed that compared with the blank group, both the raw and water-processed Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix significantly increased the fecal morphology score, fecal water content, and the release levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in various intestinal segments(P<0.05). Compared with the raw group, all indicators in the milk-processed group significantly decreased(P<0.05), while no significant differences were observed in the water-processed group, indicating that milk, as an adjuvant in processing, plays a key role in reducing the intestinal toxicity of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix. Mass spectrometry results revealed that 29 components were identified in the raw product, including 28 terpenoids and 1 acetophenone. The content of these components decreased to varying extents after milk processing. A total of 28 components derived from Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix were identified in the milky precipitate, of which 27 were terpenoids, suggesting that milk processing promotes the transfer of toxic components from Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix into milk. To further investigate the effect of milk adjuvant processing on the toxic terpenoid components of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix, transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used to observe the morphology of self-assembled casein micelles(the main protein in milk) in the milky precipitate. The micelles formed in casein-terpenoid solutions were characterized using particle size analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. TEM observations confirmed the presence of casein micelles in the milky precipitate. Characterization results showed that with increasing concentrations of toxic terpenoids, the average particle size of casein micelles increased, fluorescence intensity of the solution decreased, the maximum absorption wavelength in the UV spectrum shifted, and significant changes occurred in the infrared spectrum, indicating that interactions occurred between casein micelles and toxic terpenoid components. These findings indicate that the cathartic effect of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix becomes milder and its intestinal inflammatory toxicity is reduced after milk processing. The detoxification mechanism is that terpenoid components in Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix reassemble with casein in milk to form micelles, promoting the transfer of some terpenoids into the milky precipitate.
Animals ; Mice ; Milk/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Male ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology* ; Intestines/drug effects* ; Interleukin-1beta/immunology* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Female

The mammalian epididymis not only plays a fundamental role in the maturation of spermatozoa, but also provides protection against various stressors. The foremost among these is the threat posed by oxidative stress, which arises from an imbalance in reactive oxygen species and can elicit damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In mice, the risk of oxidative damage to spermatozoa is mitigated through the expression and secretion of glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5) as a major luminal scavenger in the proximal caput epididymidal segment. Accordingly, the loss of GPX5-mediated protection leads to impaired DNA integrity in the spermatozoa of aged Gpx5

Purpose:: To study the effect of early restrictive fluid resuscitation (EFR) on inflammatory and immune factors in patients with severe pelvic fracture (SPF ). Methods:: A total of 174 SPF patients in the Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from July 2015 to June 2018 were involved in this study and divided into EFR group (n = 87) and control group (n = 87) using the random number table method. Conventional fluid resuscitation (CFR) was performed in control group, and EFR was performed in EFR group. The incidences of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during rescue, successful rescue rate, blood transfusion volume, fluid input, and resuscitation time were compared between the two groups. The parameters including prothrombin time (PT), hematocrit (HCT), platelet (PLT) and blood lactate (BL) at the 4th hour after fluid resuscitation were recorded. The levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) and immune factors (CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, CD4＋/CD8＋) were compared between the two groups before treatment and 7 days after treatment. The revised acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation system and the sequential organ failure assessment scores were adopted for evaluation before treatment and 7 days after treatment. Results:: The incidences of ARDS and MODS during rescue in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group (p=0.015 and 0.010 respectively), and the successful rescue rate in EFR group was significantly higher than that in control group (p = 0.011). The blood transfusion volume, fluid input, resuscitation time in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group (p = 0.016, 0.002 and 0.001 respectively). At the 4th hour after fluid resuscitation, PT and BL in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group (p = 0.021 and 0.003 respectively), while HCT and PLT in EFR group were significantly higher than those in control group (p = 0.016 and 0.021 respectively). On day 7 after treatment, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and CD8^＋ in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group (p = 0.003, 0.004, 0.007 and 0.003 respectively), while CD3^＋, CD4^＋ and CD4＋/CD8＋in EFR group were significantly higher than those in control group (p = 0.004, 0.000, 0.007 respectively). On day 7 after treatment, the revised acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) system and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group. Conclusion: EFR can effectively eliminate inflammatory factors, improve immune function, maintain the stability of blood components, reduce the incidences of ARDS and MODS, and elevate the successful rescue rate in patients with SPF.

There are more and more literature reports about the application of Chinese medicine quality constant in the grading evaluation of Chinese medicine decoction pieces. Chinese medicine quality constant has particularly prominent advantages in comprehensive quantification,so it has become a new method and mode for grading Chinese medicine decoction pieces,highly recognized by the academic circle. In order to determine the effect of Chinese medicine quality constant,a method of grades evaluation for Moutan cortex was established in this paper. 15 batches of samples were collected from Chinese herbal slices enterprises to determine the external morphological indexes and inner quality indexes,calculate the Chinese medicine quality constant of Moutan cortex,and divide them into different grades. The results revealed that the range of the relative quality constant of these samples was from 0. 016 to 0. 060,with percentage quality constant from 27. 4 to 100. 0. If these samples were divided into three grades: the quality constant of the first grade should be ≥0. 048 or the percentage quality constant ≥80. 0; the quality constant of the second grade should be <0. 048 but ≥0. 030 or percentage quality constant <80. 0 and ≥50. 0; the quality constant of the third grade should be <0. 030 or the percentage quality constant <50. 0. This research indicated that Chinese quality constant can objectively divide grades of Moutan cortex decoction pieces,providing reference for formulating grades standards. It was also verified from the results that traditional quality evaluation of Moutan cortex was consistent with quality constant,and the connotation of percentage quality constant was elaborated as well. At the same time,it is suggested to establish a third-party Chinese medicine slices rating agency as soon as possible,which is to unify the terminology and provide rating services for the market.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Paeonia ; Quality Control

Purpose:To study the effect of early restrictive fluid resuscitation (EFR) on inflammatory and immune factors in patients with severe pelvic fracture (SPF).Methods:A total of 174 SPF patients in the Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from July 2015 to June 2018 were involved in this study and divided into EFR group (n =87) and control group (n =87) using the random number table method.Conventional fluid resuscitation (CFR) was performed in control group,and EFR was performed in EFR group.The incidences of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during rescue,successful rescue rate,blood transfusion volume,fluid input,and resuscitation time were compared between the two groups.The parameters including prothrombin time (PT),hematocrit (HCT),platelet (PLT) and blood lactate (BL) at the 4th hour after fluid resuscitation were recorded.The levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α,IL-6,CRP) and immune factors (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) were compared between the two groups before treatment and 7 days after treatment.The revised acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation system and the sequential organ failure assessment scores were adopted for evaluation before treatment and 7 days after treatment.Results:The incidences of ARDS and MODS during rescue in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group (p=0.015 and 0.010 respectively),and the successful rescue rate in EFR group was significantly higher than that in control group (p =0.011).The blood transfusion volume,fluid input,resuscitation time in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group (p =0.016,0.002 and 0.001 respectively).At the 4th hour after fluid resuscitation,PTand BL in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group (p =0.021 and 0.003 respectively),while HCT and PLT in EFR group were significantly higher than those in control group (p =0.016 and 0.021 respectively).On day 7 after treatment,TNF-α,IL-6,CRP and CD8+ in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group (p =0.003,0.004,0.007 and 0.003 respectively),while CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in EFR group were significantly higher than those in control group (p =0.004,0.000,0.007 respectively).On day 7 after treatment,the revised acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) system and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores in EFR group were significantly lower than those in control group.Conclusion:EFR can effectively eliminate inflammatory factors,improve immune function,maintain the stability of blood components,reduce the incidences of ARDS and MODS,and elevate the successful rescue rate in patients with SPF.

OBJECTIVETo study the signal patterns of dual color dual fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (DCDF-FISH) for detection of genetic abnormality in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and their diagnostic value and clinical application.

METHODSThe clinical data of 68 ALL patients confirmed in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively; The bone marrow samples were detected by DCDF-FISH, flow cytometry, conventional cytogenetics (CCG), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the correlation of these results was compared. And the reaction of patients to treatment was dynamically observed by DCDF-FISH.

RESULTSSixteen signal patterns were found in DCDF-FISH, including 14 kinds of atypical signal patterns (signal patterns of 1R2G, 2R3G, 2R4G and 3R3G as abnormal signal patterns without BCR/ABL fusion gene. Signal patterns of 1R1G1F, 1R1G3F, 1R1G4F, 1R2G1F, 1R2G2F, 1R2G3F, 1RnG2F (n ≥ 3), 2R2G1F, 1G4F, 1R4F corresponded to t (9;22) karyotype). Ph(+) ALL patients accounted for 17. All cases with Ph chromosome or BCR/ABL positive were B-ALL or My(+)-B-ALL. The Ph chromosome was detected in 12 cases (positive rate was 18%) by CCG. The positive rate was 25% (17/68) by DCDF-FISH and RT-PCR. The DCDF-FISH fluorescence pattern change before and after chemotherapy of the patients showed that the quantity and form of the signal pattern was changed after chemotherapy, and the common characteristics was the Ph chromosome in patients.

CONCLUSIONThe DCDF-FISH is a sensitive and reliable method for the detection of BCR/ABL rearrangement. Analyzing the dynamical change of DCDF-FISH signal patterns has been comfirmed to have a important guiding significance in the diagnosis, and anlysis of response to therapy, drug resistance and the prognosis of ALL patients.

Bone Marrow ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To discuss the aged people N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)changes in thyroid function disorder and its correlation.Methods With electrochemical luminescence analyzer,detected serum NT-proBNP lev-el 38 patients with hyperthyroid heart disease,68 patients with hyperthyroidism,31 patients with hypothyroidism,and 43 ca-ses of healthy controls.Compared each groupserum NT-proBNP level of older population with middle-aged people,and anal-ysied the correlation.Results The serum NT-proBNP level of Hyperthyroidism heart group,hyperthyroidism,hypothyroid-ism group and normal control group were 827.61±626.13,107.18±54.46,162.94±134.14,68.76±39.21 pg/ml,respec-tively.The serum level of HT-pro BNP.Hyperthyroidism group,hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism group compared with nor-mal control group,there were statistically significan(t = 7.458,4.312,3.794,P = 0.000,0.000,0.001).Hyperthyroidism heart,hypothyroidism with hyperthyroidism group serum level of NT-proBNP comparison there was statistical significance(t=7.078,2.232;P = 0.000,0.032).Hyperthyroidism heartgroup,hypothyroidism group and normal control group older population was higher than the level of serum NT-proBNP middle-aged,difference was statistically significant (t=-3.216,-2.510,-2.653;P =0.007,0.016,0.014).Hyperthyroidism group of elderly serum NT-proBNP level higher than that of middle-aged people,but there was no statistically significant difference (t=-0.140,P =0.890).Multiple regression analy-sis in hyperthyroidism group serum levels of NT-proBNP and FT4 had positive correlation (r=0.224,P =0.033)and hypo-thyroidismgroup serum levels of NT-proBNP and T3 had negative correlation (r=-0.363,P =0.022).Conclusion Thy-roid dysfunction in elderly people for the level of serum NT-proBNP had significant influence.Auxiliary disgnosis and cura-tive effect observation of the serum level of NT-proBNP in people with different thyroid functional status has certain clinical value.

Objective To investigate the influence of telephone follow-up on the Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy (DAT) compliance of the senile patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods Totals of 220 senile patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly divided into research group and control group.Telephone follow-up was conducted in research group.After 12 months,a questionnaire was conducted in both groups.Results The DAT compliance of research group was significantly higher than that of control group (97.2％ vs 90.0％ ;x2 =4.697 ;P ＜0.05).The accumulated incidence of major adverse cardiac events in research group was significantly lower than that of control group (3.67 ％ vs 11.88 ％ ;x2 =4.314;P ＜0.05).Conclusions The education conducted in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention through telephone follow up could help to improve the treatment compliance and reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiac events.

BACKGROUNDMacrophage stimulating protein (MSP) is produced by human bone marrow endothelial cells. In this study, we sought to observe its effects on inducing the expansion of early hematopoietic progenitor cells which were cultured in a liquid culture system in the presence of the combination of stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), erythropoietin (EPO) (Cys) and MSP or of Cys and bone marrow endothelial cell conditioned medium (EC-CM).

METHODSHuman bone marrow CD34(+) cells were separated and cultured in a liquid culture system for 6 days. Granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit (CFU-GM) and colony forming unit-granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM) were employed to assay the effects of different treatment on the proliferation of hematopoeitic stem/progenitor cells. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductive test and hoechest 33258 staining were employed to reflect the differentiation and apoptosis of the cells respectively.

RESULTSMSP inhibited the proliferation of CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM in semi-solid culture and the inhibitory effect on CFU-GEMM was stronger than on CFU-GM. MSP inhibited the differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells induced by hematopoietic stimulators. Bone marrow (BM) CFU-GEMM was 2.3-fold or 1.7-fold increase or significantly decreased in either Cys + EC-CM, Cys + MSP or Cys compared with 0 hour control in liquid culture system after 6 days.

CONCLUSIONMSP, a hematopoietic inhibitor, inhibits the differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells induced by hematopoietic stimulators and makes the early hematopoietic progenitor cells expand in a liquid culture system.

Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokines, CC ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; pharmacology

To study the effects of serum-free murine bone marrow endothelial cell conditioned medium (mBMEC-CM) on the growth of bone marrow endothelial cells, mBMEC-CM was collected and ultrafiltrated by Centriprep-10. The retentate of mBMEC-CM [molecular weight (MW)>10 kDa] and the filtrate of mBMEC-CM (MW<10 kDa) were obtained. The effect of bone marrow conditioned media, their components and exogenous cytokines on the formation of endothelial cell colonies were observed. The effect of bone marrow conditioned media, their components and exogenous cytokines on the proliferation of murine bone marrow endothelial cells were determined by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. The method of hybridizing to the Atlas cDNA array was used to determine the expression of cytokine mRNAs in bone marrow endothelial cells. The results obtained are as follows: vWF was expressed in bone marrow endothelial cells. The original mBMEC-CM and MW>10 kDa component of mBMEC-CM promoted the proliferation of bone marrow endothelial cell colonies and increased [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation of bone marrow endothelial cells. The MW<10 kDa component did not affect the production of endothelial cell colonies and did not increase [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation of endothelial cells. Six cytokines (IL-6, IL-11, SCF, GM-CSF, VEGF, bFGF) promoted the proliferation of bone marrow endothelial cell colonies. VEGF, bFGF and SCF increased [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation of bone marrow endothelial cells. According to the results of the Atlas cDNA array, GM-CSF,TGF-beta,BMP-2, bFGF, SCF, endothelin-2, thymosin beta10, MSP-1, connective tissue GF, PDGF-A chain, MIP-2 alpha, PlGF, neutrophil activating protein ENA-78, INF-gamma, IL-1, IL-6, IL-13, IL-11, inhibin-alpha mRNAs were expressed in endothelial cells. These results suggest that murine bone marrow endothelial cell conditioned medium promotes the proliferation of bone marrow endothelial cells.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; pharmacology ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Hematopoiesis ; physiology ; Mice