Objective To analyze the trends in the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and to project the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 2022 to 2030, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Methods The prevalence, age-standardized prevalence, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, as well as the years lost due to disability (YLDs) rate and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections in China, the world and different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources, and the trends in the disease burden due to schistosomiasis were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis were examined in China using an age-period-cohort (APC) model, and the disease burden of schistosomiasis was predicted in China from 2022 to 2030 using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model. Results The age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and the age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections were 761.32/10⁵, 5.55/10⁵ and 0.38/10⁵ in China in 2021. These rates were all lower than the global levels (1 914.30/10⁵, 21.90/10⁵ and 3.36/10⁵, respectively), as well as those in the medium SDI regions (1 413.61/10⁵, 12.10/10⁵ and 1.93/10⁵, respectively), low-medium SDI regions (2 461.03/10⁵, 26.81/10⁵ and 4.48/10⁵, respectively), and low SDI regions (5 832.77/10⁵, 94.48/10⁵ and 10.65/10⁵, respectively), but higher than those in the high SDI regions (59.47/10⁵, 0.49/10⁵ and 0.05/10⁵, respectively) and high-medium SDI regions (123.11/10⁵, 1.20/10⁵ and 0.12/10⁵, respectively). The prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis were higher among men (820.79/10⁵ and 5.86/10⁵, respectively) than among women (697.96/10⁵ and 5.23/10⁵, respectively) in China in 2021, while the YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections was higher among women (0.66/10⁵) than among men (0.12/10⁵). The prevalence of schistosomiasis peaked at ages of 30 to 34 years among both men and women, while the DALYs rate of schistosomiasis peaked among men at ages of 15 to 19 years and among women at ages of 20 to 24 years. The age-standardized prevalence of schistosomiasis showed a moderate decline in China from 1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions [EAPC = -1.51%, 95% CI: (-1.65%, -1.38%)], while the age-standardized DALYs rate [EAPC = -3.61%, 95% CI: (-3.90%, -3.33%)] and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections [EAPC = -4.16%, 95% CI: (-4.38%, -3.94%)] appeared the fastest decline in China from1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions. APC modeling showed age, period, and cohort effects on the trends in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and the prevalence of schistosomiasis appeared a rise followed by decline with age, and reduced with period and cohort. BAPC modeling revealed that the age-standardized prevalence and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections all appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 2022 to 2030, which reduced to 722.72/10⁵ [95% CI: (538.74/10⁵, 906.68/10⁵)], 5.19/10⁵ [95% CI: (3.54/10⁵, 6.84/10⁵)] and 0.30/10⁵ [95% CI: (0.21/10⁵, 0.39/10⁵)] in 2030, respectively. Conclusions The disease burden of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 1992 to 2021, and is projected to appear a tendency towards a decline from 2022 to 2030. There are age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in China. Precision schistosomiasis control is required with adaptations to current prevalence and elimination needs.

AIM: To investigate the effect of corneal topography-guided phacoemulsification with transparent corneal incision on cataract patients.METHODS:A total of 92 cataract patients(92 eyes)admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to February 2023 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group(46 eyes)received the conventional 11:00 clear corneal incision scheme, and the study group(46 eyes)received the steepest meridian clear corneal incision scheme. The uncorrected visual acuity, corneal surface morphology indicators, including surface regularity index(SRI), surface asymmetry index(SAI), and cylinder(CYL), subjective dry eye symptoms questionnaire scoring scale(SDES), tear film break-up time(BUT), and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); there were statistical significance in the SAI and CYL of both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); the fluctuation levels of SDES and BUT in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at different time points after surgery(all P<0.05); and there was no statistical difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Under the guidance of corneal topography, phacoemulsification through the transparent corneal incision of the steepest meridian of the cornea can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of cataract patients, restore the corneal surface morphology, and have few complications.

AIM: To investigate the effect of corneal topography-guided phacoemulsification with transparent corneal incision on cataract patients.METHODS:A total of 92 cataract patients(92 eyes)admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to February 2023 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group(46 eyes)received the conventional 11:00 clear corneal incision scheme, and the study group(46 eyes)received the steepest meridian clear corneal incision scheme. The uncorrected visual acuity, corneal surface morphology indicators, including surface regularity index(SRI), surface asymmetry index(SAI), and cylinder(CYL), subjective dry eye symptoms questionnaire scoring scale(SDES), tear film break-up time(BUT), and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); there were statistical significance in the SAI and CYL of both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); the fluctuation levels of SDES and BUT in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at different time points after surgery(all P<0.05); and there was no statistical difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Under the guidance of corneal topography, phacoemulsification through the transparent corneal incision of the steepest meridian of the cornea can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of cataract patients, restore the corneal surface morphology, and have few complications.

China is a major country for gastric cancer incidence, with the majority being at the advanced stage. Currently, there has been a profound change in the perioperative diagnosis and treatment mode of locally advanced gastric cancer. It has become a gradually recommended diagnostic and treatment process in both eastern and western countries gastric cancer guidelines for patients to undergo radical surgery for gastric cancer after neoadjuvant therapy, followed by postoperative adjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant therapy can downregulate the tumor grade and clinical stage of gastric cancer, facilitating the successful conduct of radical surgery for gastric cancer. Moreover, it allows for further therapeutic selection based on treatment response and empirically guides adjuvant therapy. However, after neoadjuvant therapy, tumor tissue and the whole body of the patient will inevitably undergo a series of changes, which will affect the implementation process of radical surgery for gastric cancer and postoperative management. Therefore, this article intends to discuss the indications and progress of neoadjuvant therapy for gastric cancer, the timing of radical surgery, technical points, postoperative complications, and other aspects, in order to provide reference and guidance for colleagues in the industry.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of applying the ADDIE (analysis, design, develop, implement, evaluate) Model in clinical teaching for nursing interns in spine surgery department.Methods:Using a convenience sampling method, 44 nursing interns in the Department of Orthopedics at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the control group from July 2021 to May 2022, and were taught using traditional methods. From July 2022 to May 2023, 45 nursing interns were selected as the observation group, and a teaching team was formed to design a training program based on the five stages of the ADDIE instructional design model. This program was tailored to improve the overall clinical competence of the spinal surgery nursing interns. After training, the teaching effects were evaluated based on knowledge test scores, skills test scores, overall clinical competence, and teaching satisfaction.Results:After the training, the skills test scores in specialized nursing for the observation group were (94.87±1.10) points, higher than the control group's (93.98±1.41) points, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). The observation group also scored higher than the control group in clinical judgment, organizational effectiveness, overall performance, and total score in the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Additionally, the observation group reported higher satisfaction with the teaching plan and methods compared to the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical teaching for spinal surgery nursing interns based on the ADDIE instructional design model can improve their specialized practical skills and overall clinical competence. The interns also expressed a high level of acceptance for this teaching design model.

Objectives:To explore the clinical value of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography(STE)on evaluating right ventricular function in patients with Fabry disease(FD). Methods:From August 2014 to June 2023,57 patients with FD and 57 age-(±2 year)and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study.Clinical characteristics,echocardiographic parameters and right ventricular strain parameters were compared between the two groups.According to the left ventricular mass index(LVMI),FD patients were further divided into the left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)group(n=22,men:LVMI≥115 g/m2,women:LVMI≥95 g/m2)and the non-LVH(n=35,men:LVMI<115 g/m2,women:LVMI<95 g/m2)group,the association between right ventricular strain and LVH in FD patients was analyzed. Results:(1)The brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)level was higher,heart rate and estimate glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)were lower in the FD group than in healthy control group(all P<0.05).Interventricular septum(IVS)and left ventricular posterior wall(LVPW)thickness as well as left ventricular mass index(LVMI)and right ventricular free wall(RVFW)thickness were significantly higher in FD group than in healthy control group(all P<0.05).(2)Subgroup analysis showed that the age,systolic blood pressure,BNP,LVMI and RVFW thickness were significantly higher,while eGFR was lower in the LVH group than in the non-LVH group(all P<0.05).(3)The left ventricular global longitudinal strain(LVGLS),right ventricular global longitudinal strain(RVGLS),right ventricular free wall strain(RVFWS),RVFWS at basal,middle and apical segment were lower in FD patients than in healthy controls(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in right ventricular strain difference value(ΔRV)between the FD group and controls(P>0.05).(4)In the LVH group,LVGLS and RVGLS were significantly declined and ΔRV increased(all P<0.05),while RVFWS and all three segments preserved compared with the non-LVH group(all P>0.05). Conclusions:Myocardial strain analysis is valuable on the assessment of global and regional myocardial work in FD patients.RVGLS and RVFWS are reduced in FD patients.RVGLS is decreased in the LVH patients,while RVFWS is preserved in FD patients.

Objective To investigate the differential expression of proteins in the serum of diabetic patients quantitative proteomics technologies, and to identify specific protein biomarkers. Methods Serum samples from three diabetic patients and three healthy controls in Shenzhen in 2023 were collected. Immunoprecipitation and nano liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic orbitrap-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (easy-nanoLC-Q-orbitrap-fusion) were employed to perform fraction and no-fraction-based quantitative analysis of the serum proteome in diabetic patients and healthy controls. The mass spectrometry data were analyzed by MaxQuant1.6.1.0, and the differential proteins identified by the fraction-based method were subjected to gene ontology (GO) functional clustering and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Results A total of 251 reliable proteins were identified by the no-fraction-based method, among which 17 differentially expressed proteins were selected. In contrast, 494 reliable proteins were identified by the fraction-based method, and 74 differentially expressed proteins were selected. Among them, seven proteins showed consistent changes in both methods. Five proteins were downregulated, including pregnancy zone protein (PZP), carbonic anhydrase 1 (CAH1), mannose-binding protein C (MBL2), fibrinogen alpha chain (FIBA), and haptoglobin (HPT). Two proteins were upregulated, including apolipoprotein(a) (LPA) and complement factor H-related protein 4 (CFH4). GO analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in molecular functions such as glycosaminoglycan binding and heparin binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with complement and coagulation cascades, cell adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and other pathways. Conclusions Fraction-based no-fractional quantitative proteomics analysis provides an effective approach for analyzing differential protein expression in the serum of diabetic patients, and offers a valuable technique for screening specific protein biomarkers of serum samples in large-scale cohorts of disease.

Objective To search,evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence of exercise intervention for patients with multiple myeloma,and provide references for medical staff to guide patients to carry out exercise intervention.Methods The researchers conducted a systematical search in national and intemational databases,relevant guideline websites and professional society websites for related clinical decisions,recommended practices,guidelines,evidence summaries,expert consensuses,and systematic reviews for exercise intervention in patients with multiple myeloma since establishment of databases to May 2023.The quality evaluation,extraction and integration for evidence were conducted independently by 2 researchers,respectively.Results A total of 13 studies,including 2 guidelines,8 systematic reviews,2 expert consensuses and 1 randomized controlled trial,were included.There were 23 pieces of best evidence with 5 dimensions,including the exercise intensity effectiveness,contraindications and indications,exercise pre-intervention evaluation,exercise intervention style and intensity,and exercise intervention management.Conclusion The study summarized the best evidence of exercise intervention for patients with multiple myeloma.It is recommended for health professionals to fully consider the clinical situations to develop more detailed personalized exercise intervention programs based on patients'own situation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Internet-based psychosocial intervention for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer.Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials of Internet-based psychosocial intervention for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer were systematically searched from 10 databases,such as Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,PubMed,Embase and CINAHL and etc.The search period was from the establishment to December 18,2023,and 2 investigators screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted data.Cochrane Manual 5.1.0 was used to assess the quality of the literature.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 software.Results A total of 9 pieces of the literature including 592 primary caregivers were included.Meta-analysis showed that Internet-based psychosocial intervention reduced the level of anxiety and depression for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer[MD=-1.64,95％CI(-2.68,-0.59),P=0.002]and the burden of care[SMD=-0.39,95％CI(-0.60,-0.18),P＜0.001],and improved quality of life[SMD=0.25,95％CI(0.01,0.48),P=0.040];further research is needed to explore the effect of reducing the level of distress[MD=-0.88,95％CI(-1.91,0.16),P=0.100].Conclusion The Internet-based psychosocial intervention is effective in improving the anxiety,depression and the burden of care of the primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer,and it can improve the quality of life;further research is needed to explore the level of distress reduction.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and hepatic fibrosis and skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 685 T2DM patients diagnosed at the Endocrinology department of Lanzhou University First Hospital, from April 2022 to May 2023, were divided into NAFLD and Non-NAFLD groups, and the NAFLD group was further categorized into fibrosis and non-fibrosis based on aspartate aminotransferase(AST) /alanine aminotransferase(ALT) level. The differences in appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI), and the prevalence of muscle mass loss were compared across groups. The correlations between ASMI and NAFLD, as well as liver fibrosis were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:Among male T2DM patients, those with NAFLD had lower ASMI levels and a higher prevalence of muscle mass reduction compared to non-NAFLD group. Among female T2DM patients, those with NAFLD had lower levels of ASM and ASMI, and a higher prevalence of muscle mass reduction compared to non-NAFLD group. ASMI levels in both male and female T2DM patients were independently negatively correlated with NAFLD risk( OR=-0.696, 95% CI 0.579-0.837; OR=-0.757, 95% CI 0.629-0.911). In NAFLD patients, ASM and ASMI levels were lower in those with liver fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis; however, the prevalence of muscle mass reduction did not differ significantly. Among male NAFLD patients, ASMI levels were independently negatively correlated with the risk of liver fibrosis( OR=-0.726, 95% CI 0.537-0.983), while no correlation was found in female patients. Conclusion:Reduced muscle mass is independently associated with the risk of NAFLD in both male and female T2DM patients. In males, reduced muscle mass is also independently related to the risk of liver fibrosis.