Objective: To study the relationship between the father presence and the mental health diathesis of the middle school students,and to provide a reference for targetedly instructing fathers’ participation into family education. Methods: The participants were selected by using random whole class sampling method and Father Presence Questionnaires (FPQ-R-B), and then 577 junior middle school students were recruited, including high and low level of father presence(HF & LF). Chinese Adolescent Mental Health Diathesis was used to investigate the effect of father presence on eight subscales of mental health diathesis. Results: Single factor ANOVA showed that in the subscales of coping style (2.84±0.52,2.80±0.60), self (2.87±0.56,2.79±0.59), attribution style (2.85±0.56,2.78±0.55) and adaptation (2.92±0.56,2.85±0.59), HF group scored significantly higher than LF group(F=4.32,5.27,7.13,8.62,P<0.05). Simple effect analysis reveals that for girls there was no significant difference between the HF and LF groups (2.87±0.45,2.86±0.48, P>0.05), but for boys the score of the HF group was significantly higher than that of the LF group(2.93±0.34,2.85±0.40)(F=5.93,P<0.05). Conclusion High level of father presence is related to better performance in coping style, self, attribution style, adaptation, and personality quality, and its impact on personality qualitty shows gender differences.