Naringenin(NAR), a naturally derived flavonoid compound, has attracted considerable attention due to its multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, and antibacterial effects. This article systematically reviews the experimental and preclinical research progress of naringenin in common ocular diseases, with a focus on its potential applications in corneal neovascularization, dry eye disease, glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal disorders. Existing studies indicate that naringenin can exert protective effects on ocular tissues by regulating multiple signaling pathways, such as inhibiting inflammatory responses, alleviating oxidative stress-induced damage, and suppressing angiogenesis, thereby demonstrating promising therapeutic potential. Meanwhile, this review summarizes the research progress of ocular biopharmaceutical formulations, including naringenin eye drops, and highlights current limitations, such as its poor solubility and low bioavailability, which hinder its clinical translation. Naringenin shows unique advantages in the treatment of ocular diseases. However, future research should further clarify its molecular mechanisms, optimize drug delivery systems to enhance ocular bioavailability, and conduct well-designed clinical trials, aiming to provide new strategies and insights for the treatment of ocular diseases.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of epicardial adipose tissue(EAT)thickness combined with serum disintegrin metalloprotease 10(ADAM10)and stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)in coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 119 CHD patients were included as the study group,and 100 non-CHD patients in the same period were selected as the control group.The clinical data of the patients were collected.Serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Color Doppler ultrasonography was applied to detect EAT thickness.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors of CHD occurrence.The diagnostic value of EAT thickness combined with serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels in the diagnosis of CHD was analyzed by subject work characteristics(ROC)curves.Results The levels of triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),EAT thickness,serum ADAM10 and STIM1 were higher in the study group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated EAT thickness,serum ADAM10,STIM1,triglyceride and LDL-C levels were independent risk factors for the occurrence of CHD(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of EAT thickness combined with serum ADAM10 and STIM1 for the diagnosis of CHD[0.864(95%CI:0.811-0.907)]was higher than that of their respective individual diagnoses[0.801(95%CI:0.741-0.851),0.750(95%CI:0.687-0.806),respectively,0.799(95%CI:0.740-0.850)],and the sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were 82.35%and 83.00%,respectively.Conclusion EAT thickness,serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels are obviously elevated in CHD patients,and the combination of the three tests has a high diagnostic value for CHD.

Immunodeficiency is one of the main clinical phenotypes of diseases caused by germline loss-of-function variants in the nuclear SET domain-containing protein 2 (NSD2)-coding gene. NSD2 gene plays an important regulatory role in the immune system, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In recent years, great progress has been made regarding the function of NSD2 gene in the immune system including involving in B cell differentiation and development, promoting germinal center B cell activation and antibody production, recruiting regulatory T (Treg) cells to the maternal-fetal interface to induce maternal-fetal immune tolerance, and up-regulating MHCⅠ expression in tumor cells to trigger tumor immunity. This article mainly reviews the research progress in the regulatory function of NSD2 gene in the above immune processes.

Objective:To explore the application value of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis(MIPO)and open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF)in patients with middle and lower humeral shaft fractures.Methods:A total of 32 patients with middle and lower humeral shaft fractures treated with MIPO in our hospital from Jun 2020 to Sep 2023 were selected as the observation group,and another 32 patients with middle and lower humeral shaft fractures treated with ORIF were selected as the control group.The perioperative relevant indicators,fracture healing time,pain factors[substance P(SP),prostaglandin E2(PGE2)],pain severity score,upper limb function(Neer score for shoulder joint,Mayo score for elbow joint)before and after surgery,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The operation time,incision length,wound healing time,hospitalization time,fracture healing time,and complete weight-bearing time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,and the intraoperative blood loss was lower in the observation group(P＜0.05).The levels of serum SP and PGE2 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 3 and 5 days after surgery(P＜0.05).The pain scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 1,3,and 5 days after surgery(P＜0.05).The Neer score of the shoulder joint and the Mayo score of the elbow joint in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at 1,3,and 6 months after surgery(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the Neer score of the shoulder joint and the Mayo score of the elbow joint between the two groups at 12 months after surgery(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Both MIPO and ORIF have good long-term effects and safety in the treatment of middle and lower humeral shaft fractures,but the former can reduce injury,reduce pain,promote fracture healing,and has significant advantages in improving upper limb function in the early stage.

Objective:To explore the application value of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis(MIPO)and open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF)in patients with middle and lower humeral shaft fractures.Methods:A total of 32 patients with middle and lower humeral shaft fractures treated with MIPO in our hospital from Jun 2020 to Sep 2023 were selected as the observation group,and another 32 patients with middle and lower humeral shaft fractures treated with ORIF were selected as the control group.The perioperative relevant indicators,fracture healing time,pain factors[substance P(SP),prostaglandin E2(PGE2)],pain severity score,upper limb function(Neer score for shoulder joint,Mayo score for elbow joint)before and after surgery,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The operation time,incision length,wound healing time,hospitalization time,fracture healing time,and complete weight-bearing time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,and the intraoperative blood loss was lower in the observation group(P＜0.05).The levels of serum SP and PGE2 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 3 and 5 days after surgery(P＜0.05).The pain scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 1,3,and 5 days after surgery(P＜0.05).The Neer score of the shoulder joint and the Mayo score of the elbow joint in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at 1,3,and 6 months after surgery(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the Neer score of the shoulder joint and the Mayo score of the elbow joint between the two groups at 12 months after surgery(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Both MIPO and ORIF have good long-term effects and safety in the treatment of middle and lower humeral shaft fractures,but the former can reduce injury,reduce pain,promote fracture healing,and has significant advantages in improving upper limb function in the early stage.

Objective To analyze the research status,hotspots,and trends of wearable devices in nursing applications both domestically and internationally.Methods Using China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,and Embase core databases as data sources,VOSviewer was used to visualize and analyze the publication time,keywords,and other relevant literature.Results Total of 428 articles were included,including 196 Chinese articles and 232 English articles.The overall publication volume showed an upward trend.Domestic research focuses on chronic diseases,artificial intelligence,and nursing,with the main research subjects being the elderly;Foreign research focuses on smart devices,self-monitoring,and quality of life,with the main research subjects being adults.Conclusion Currently,the number of publications on the application of wearable devices in nursing is relatively small,but the overall research heat is on the rise,mainly used for chronic diseases and self-monitoring.In the future,the application scope of wearable devices should be expanded and their potential value should be explored to promote the innovation and progress of nursing models.

Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur are common hip fractures in the elderly. Their treatment goals include reducing incidence of complications, improving quality of life and increasing survival rate for the patients. Compared with traditional internal fixation, hip arthroplasty shows certain advantages in the primary treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur and the revision following failure of internal fixation. It enables patients to do early weight-bearing activities to effectively improve their joint function, and reduces the risk of complications associated with long-term bed rest. However, at present, there has been no unified consensus in the academic community regarding the treatment plan of hip arthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. This paper mainly reviews the research progress in such aspects as indications of hip arthroplasty for primary intertrochanteric fractures of the femur and for revision after failure of internal fixation, anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the femoral trochanter, principles for selection of types and models of joint prosthesis, key operative techniques like intraoperative fixation of bone fragments and prosthesis implantation, and methods of peri-operative comprehensive assessment.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between liposuction combined with circumareolar small incision and three-port endoscopic surgery for the treatment of Simon Ⅱ gynecomastia (GYN). Methods Comparative case data of 120 patients with GYN were retrospectively analyzed, 61 patients in the open group underwent circumareolar small incision mastectomy after liposuction, and 59 patients in the endoscopic group underwent three-port endoscopic mastectomy after liposuction. The two groups were compared in terms of surgery-related indexes, occurrence of postoperative complications and patient satisfaction. Results The unilateral operation time of the open group was shorter than that of the endoscopic group, the unilateral gland resection weight in the open group was more than that in the endoscopic group, the hospitalization cost of the open group was less than that of the endoscopic group (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in unilateral liposuction volume, drainage volume on the first postoperative day, and time to drain removal between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of complications in the open group and the endoscopic group were 8.2% and 13.6% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The difference in the overall satisfaction scores between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions Liposuction combined with circumareolar small incision or three-port endoscopic surgery both has good cosmetic effects in the treatment of Simon Ⅱ GYN. The operation with circumareolar small incision is simple, has a shorter operation time, costs less, and does not require special equipment, which is suitable for promotion and application in medical institutions.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting the prevalence of hyperuricemia(HUA)in an island troop.Methods A total of 1 113 soldiers stationed on an island from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected as research objects by cluster sampling.Their lifestyle and health information were collected.Physical examination and laboratory detection were conducted.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HUA.Results The prevalence rate of HUA was 21.02%(234/1 113).There were significant differences in the body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio,triglyceride,alanine aminotransferase,and creatinine between the soldiers with hyperuricemia and the soldiers with normal blood uric acid(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI≥24(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.09-2.05),abnormal liver function(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.31-3.92),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.01-2.12)were positively correlated with hyperuricemia;age>30 years old(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.37-0.93)and exercise time>1 h per week(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.22-0.97)were negatively correlated with HUA.Conclusion The prevalence rate of hyperuricemia is at a high level in an island troop.BMI≥24,age≤30 years old,exercise time≤1 h per week,abnormal liver function,and dyslipidemia are the risk factors for HUA.Prevention and control measures should be taken as early as possible for the soldiers with these risk factors.

The underlying cause of low response rates to existing immunotherapies is that tumor cells dominate tumor immune escape through surface antigen deficiency and inducing tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Here, we proposed an in situ tumor cell engineering strategy to disrupt tumor immune escape at the root by restoring tumor cell MHC-I/tumor-specific antigen complex (MHC-I/TSA) expression to promote T-cell recognition and by silencing tumor cell CD55 to increase the ICOSL⁺ B-cell proportion and reverse the TIME. A doxorubicin (DOX) and dual-gene plasmid (MAC pDNA, encoding both MHC-I/ASMTNMELM and CD55-shRNA) coloaded drug delivery system (LCPN@ACD) with tumor targeting and charge/size dual-conversion properties was prepared. LCPN@ACD-induced ICD promoted DC maturation and enhanced T-cell activation and infiltration. LCPN@ACD enabled effective expression of MHC-I/TSA on tumor cells, increasing the ability of tumor cell recognition and killing. LCPN@ACD downregulated tumor cell CD55 expression, increased the proportion of ICOSL⁺ B cells and CTLs, and reversed the TIME, thus greatly improving the efficacy of αPD-1 and CAR-T therapies. The application of this in situ tumor cell engineering strategy eliminated the source of tumor immune escape, providing new ideas for solving the challenges of clinical immunotherapy.