BACKGROUND:Flap transplantation technique is a commonly used surgical procedure for the treatment of severe tissue defects,but postoperative flap necrosis is easily triggered by ischemia-reperfusion injury.Therefore,it is still an important research topic to improve the survival rate of transplanted flaps. OBJECTIVE:To review the pathogenesis and latest treatment progress of flap ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang Database and PubMed database were searched for relevant literature published from 2014 to 2024.The search terms used were"flap,ischemia-reperfusion injury,inflammatory response,oxidative stress,Ca2+overload,apoptosis,mesenchymal stem cells,platelet-rich plasma,signaling pathways,shock wave,pretreatment"in Chinese and English.After elimination of irrelevant literature,poor quality and obsolete literature,77 documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Flap ischemia/reperfusion injury may be related to pathological factors such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress response,Ca2+overload,and apoptosis,which can cause apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells,vascular damage and microcirculation disorders in the flap,and eventually lead to flap necrosis.Studies have found that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation,platelet-rich plasma,signaling pathway modulators,shock waves,and pretreatment can alleviate flap ischemia/reperfusion injuries from different aspects and to varying degrees,and reduce the necrosis rate and necrosis area of the grafted flap.Although there are many therapeutic methods for skin flap ischemia/reperfusion injury,a unified and effective therapeutic method has not yet been developed in the clinic,and the advantages and disadvantages of various therapeutic methods have not yet been compared.Most of the studies remain in the stage of animal experiments,rarely involving clinical observations.Therefore,a lot of research is required in the future to gradually move from animal experiments to the clinic in order to better serve the clinic.

Medical education needs to cultivate medical students to master solid clinical knowledge and diagnosis and treatment experiences， form scientific research thinking， and acquire scientific research ability. Sharp scientific thinking is an essential ability for the professional growth and all-round development of clinical physicians. Teaching hospitals emphasize the organic integration of clinical diagnosis and treatment， scientific research， and education and teaching. Teaching hospitals need to pay attention to the comprehensive cultivation of medical students in the clinical stage from several aspects， such as clinical diagnosis and treatment， scientific research， and ethical awareness. In the process of cultivating medical students in the clinical stage， teaching hospitals need to focus on cultivating medical students’ innovative thinking and improving their scientific research abilities. In the process of teaching in the clinical stage， teaching hospitals attach importance to the theoretical teaching and training of research ethics， flexibly utilize multimedia teaching， and provide scientific research practice opportunities such as observing the quality control of clinical research， understanding the clinical research system， offering protocol templates， and guiding the writing process， so as to strengthen the application and understanding of medical students’ theoretical knowledge， and explore and practice the scientific research innovation education and teaching model for medical students in the clinical stage.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical safety of Feilike Mixture （FLK） in the real world. MethodsThe safety of all children who received FLK from 29 institutions in 12 provinces between January 21，2021 and December 25，2021 was evaluated through prospective centralized surveillance and a nested case control study. ResultsA total of 3 035 juveniles were included. There were 29 research centers involved，which are distributed across 12 provinces，including one traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospital and 28 general hospitals. The average age among the juveniles was （4.77±3.56） years old，and the average weight was （21.81±12.97） kg. Among them，119 cases （3.92%） of juveniles had a history of allergies. Acute bronchitis was the main diagnosis for juveniles，with 1 656 cases （54.46%）. FLK was first used in 2 016 cases （66.43%），and 142 juvenile patients had special dosages，accounting for 4.68%. Among them，92 adverse drug reactions （ADRs） occurred，including 73 cases of gastrointestinal system disorders，10 cases of metabolic and nutritional disorders，eight cases of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases，two cases of vascular and lymphatic disorders，and one case of systemic diseases and various reactions at the administration site. The manifestations of ADRs were mainly diarrhea，stool discoloration，and vomiting，and no serious ADRs occurred. The results of multi-factor analysis indicated that special dosages （the use of FLK）［odds ratio （OR） of 2.642， 95% confidence interval （CI） of 1.105-6.323］，combined administration： spleen aminopeptide （OR of 4.978， 95%CI of 1.200-20.655），and reason for combined administration： anti-infection （OR of 1.814， 95%CI of 1.071-3.075） were the risk factors for ADRs caused by FLK. Conclusion92 ADRs occurred among 3 035 juveniles using FLK. The incidence of ADRs caused by FLK was 3.03%，and the severity was mainly mild or moderate. Generally，the prognosis was favorable after symptomatic treatment such as drug withdrawal or dosage reduction，suggesting that FLK has good clinical safety.

ObjectiveA multiplex amplification system was constructed based on the capillary electrophoresis platform for simultaneous detection of saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions using tissue-specific RNA markers. The aim of this study is to identify the tissue origin of suspicious body fluid stains found at crime scenes and determine whether the body fluid stains at the crime scene are one or several types among saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions. MethodsThirty saliva samples, forty semen samples, and forty vaginal secretion samples (half from 2015 and half from 2024) were collected from healthy adult volunteers. Through primer designing, system formulation, and PCR condition optimization, a multiplex fluorescent amplification system was constructed. The specificity, sensitivity, and detection ability for mixed samples of this system were investigated, and it was tested using real crime scene materials. In the primer design stage, to reduce the requirements for RNA template quality, the amplification products were set within 80-300 bp. In the system formulation stage, dominant and subordinate primers were mainly considered. By reducing the concentration of dominant primers and increasing that of subordinate primers, a capillary electrophoresis spectrum with an appropriate peak height ratio was finally obtained. Additionally, gradient experiments were designed to adjust the concentrations of PCR reagents and PCR amplification conditions, and multiple versions of DNA amplification enzymes were optimized to achieve the best experimental results. ResultsThrough statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in the capillary electrophoresis of the 3 types of body fluid samples from the two years (2015 and 2024), demonstrating that the sample preservation method in this study can preserve samples for a relatively long time. The composite amplification system constructed in this study exhibited high specificity for all 3 types of body fluid, with no cross-reactions between the markers of each type of body fluid. The minimum detection thresholds for the 3 types of body fluid reached 0.002 9, 0.001 5, and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. This system also had a high degree of discrimination for mixed samples, especially for semen-saliva mixtures, where each body fluid marker could still be successfully detected when the concentration ratio of semen to saliva was 100:1. Meanwhile, in the two actual cases presented in this article, the application of this composite amplification system performed outstandingly. ConclusionThe composite amplification detection system constructed in this study can achieve the correct screening of saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions, overcoming the problems such as low specificity and sensitivity of marker tests and unbalanced RFU values of each marker in previous studies. The specificity and sensitivity meet the practical work requirements, and the operation is simple. It provides an analytical and identification method for body fluid stains in actual case and is applicable to the identification of the tissue origin of biological evidence at crime scenes involving sexual assault, indecent assault, and other criminal acts. In the future, more types of body fluid markers will be screened to expand the types of body fluids detected by the system, and body fluid-specific cSNP and cInDel genetic markers will be introduced to infer the sources (individuals and types) of mixed and complex stains more accurately.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of isorhamnetin on the development of gastric cancer through up-regulation of solute carrier family 25 member 25 antisense RNA 1（SLC25A25-AS1）. METHODS Using BALB/c nude mice as the subjects， the xenograft tumor model was established by subcutaneously inoculating human gastric cancer MKN28 cells into the axillary region. The effects of low and high doses of isorhamnetin （20 and 40 mg/kg） on the tumor volume and mass in nude mice were investigated. MKN28 cells were selected and divided into control group， isorhamnetin group （70 μmol/L， similarly hereinafter）， isorhamnetin+knocking down negative control group， isorhamnetin+knocking down SLC25A25-AS1 group， isorhamnetin+ overexpression negative control group and isorhamnetin+overexpressing SLC25A25-AS1 group. Effects of knocking down/ overexpressing SLC25A25-AS1 on viability， apoptosis， migration and invasion ability of isorhamnetin-treated cells were detected. After verifying the targeting relationships between microRNA-212-3p （miR-212-3p） and SLC25A25-AS1， as well as phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 （PTEN）， the effects of knocking down/overexpressing SLC25A25-AS1 on the expression of miR-212-3p， PTEN mRNA， and PTEN protein in isorhamnetin-treated cells were investigated. RESULTS Compared with the model control group， tumor volume and mass of nude mice in the isorhamnetin low-dose and high-dose groups were reduced significantly， and the isorhamnetin high-dose group was significantly lower than the isorhamnetin low-dose group （P＜0.05）. miR-212-3p had targeting relationships with SLC25A25-AS1 and PTEN. Compared with the control group， the cell viability （intervened for 24， 48 h）， migration number， invasion number and miR-212-3p expression of cells in the isorhamnetin group， isorhamnetin+knocking down negative control group and isorhamnetin+overexpressing negative control group were significantly reduced or decreased or down-regulated， while the apoptosis rate， mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN were significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.05）. Compared with isorhamnetin group and isorhamnetin+knocking down negative control group， the cell viability， migration number， invasion number and miR-212-3p expression of cells in the isorhamnetin+knocking down SLC25A25-AS1 group were significantly increased or up- regulated， while the apoptosis rate， mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN were significantly reduced or down-regulated （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with isorhamnetin group and isorhamnetin+overexpressing negative control group， the cell viability， migration number， invasion number and miR-212-3p expression of cells in isorhamnetin+overexpressing SLC25A25-AS1 group were significantly reduced or decreased or down-regulated， while the apoptosis rate， PTEN mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Isorhamnetin may inhibit the development of gastric cancer by up-regulating the expression of SLC25A25-AS1， down-regulating miR-212-3p， and up-regulating the expression of PTEN， which is a downstream target of miR-212-3p.

Background During pregnancy, negative emotions such as anxiety and depression may induce cortisol disruption. Cortisol can be transmitted to the fetus through the placental barrier, thereby affecting the neurodevelopment of the offspring. Objective To investigate the relationship between placental cortisol, maternal depression during pregnancy, and neurodevelopment of 3-month-old infants. Methods From September 2022 to September 2023, 171 pregnant women ordered routine prenatal checks at the obstetrics outpatient department of a tertiary hospital in Ningxia were selected using a prospective cohort design. After providing informed consent, these women participated in a questionnaire survey that covered general individual characteristics, prenatal depression, and sleep quality. At birth, placental samples were collected to measure cortisol levels using ELISA kits. Follow-up assessments on the neurodevelopmental of 3-month-old infants were conducted using the Warning Sign for Children Mental and Behavioral Development. LASSO regression analysis was conducted to screen the influencing factors of depression during pregnancy. Huber regression analysis was then applied to assess potential linear relationship between depression during pregnancy and placental cortisol levels. Log-binomial regression was used to analyze the linear relationships between cortisol levels and neurodevelopmental delay in 3-month-old infants. Additionally, a mediation effect model was fitted using R 4.3.3 to assess possible mediating role of cortisol in the association between prenatal depression and neurodevelopmental delay in 3-month-old infants. Results The positive rate of prenatal depression was 33.33%. Nine factors affecting prenatal depression were identified by LASSO regression, including rural residence, high school education or above, extroverted personality characteristics, moderate early pregnancy reactions, baby sex expectation, prenatal anxiety, family dysfunction, exposure to stressful life events during pregnancy, and moderate prenatal sleep quality. The Huber regression model showed a positive linear correlation between prenatal depression and placental cortisol (P<0.05). With or without controlling confounding factors, the results of log-binomial regression modeling showed that cortisol levels were associated with a reduced risk of neurodevelopmental delay in 3-month-old infants (crude model: RR=0.988, 95%CI: 0.9768, 0.9996, P＜0.05; adjusted model: RR=0.988, 95%CI: 0.9764, 0.9993, P＜0.05). A mediating effect of placental cortisol between prenatal depression and the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in 3-month-old offspring was found statistically significant (P=0.045), accounting for 67.0% of the total effect. Conclusion Prenatal depression is associated with elevated placental cortisol levels, and higher cortisol levels are found to be related to a lower risk of neurodevelopmental delay in infants. Placental cortisol mediates the relationship between prenatal depression and infant neurodevelopment.

ObjectiveTo identify the patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） among the health check-up population， and to perform stratified management of patients with the low， medium， and high risk of advanced fibrosis based on noninvasive fibrosis scores. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 3 125 individuals who underwent physical examination in Beijing Physical Examination Center from December 2017 to December 2019， and they were divided into MAFLD group with 1 068 individuals and non-MAFLD group with 2 057 individuals. According to BMI， the MAFLD group was further divided into lean MAFLD group （125 individuals with BMI<24 kg/m²） and non-lean MAFLD group （943 individuals with BMI≥24 kg/m²）. Indicators including demographic data， past history， laboratory examination， and liver ultrasound were compared between groups. Fibrosis-4 （FIB-4） score， NAFLD fibrosis score （NFS）， aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index （APRI）， and BARD score were calculated for the patients in the MAFLD group to assess the risk of advanced fibrosis. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of each indicator in MAFLD. ResultsCompared with the non-MAFLD group， the MAFLD group had significantly higher age （Z=-9.758， P<0.05）， proportion of male patients （χ²=137.555， P<0.05）， and levels of body weight （Z=-27.987， P<0.05）， BMI （Z=-32.714， P<0.05）， waist circumference （Z=-31.805， P<0.05）， hip circumference （Z=-26.342， P<0.05）， waist-hip ratio （Z=-28.554， P<0.05）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT） （Z=-25.820， P<0.05）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST） （Z=-16.894， P<0.05）， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT） （Z=-25.069， P<0.05）， alkaline phosphatase （Z=-12.533， P<0.05）， triglyceride （Z=-27.559）， total cholesterol （Z=-7.833， P<0.05）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （Z=-8.222， P<0.05）， and uric acid （UA） （Z=-20.024， P<0.05）， as well as a significantly higher proportion of patients with metabolic syndrome （MetS） （χ²=578.220， P<0.05）， significantly higher prevalence rates of hypertension （χ²=241.694， P<0.05）， type 2 diabetes （χ²=796.484， P<0.05）， and dyslipidemia （χ²=369.843， P<0.05）， and a significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （Z=23.153， P<0.001）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male sex （odds ratio ［OR］=1.45， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.203‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.737）， ALT （OR=1.05， 95%CI： 1.046‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.062）， LDL-C （OR=1.23， 95%CI： 1.102‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.373）， and comorbidity with MetS （OR=5.97， 95%CI： 4.876‍ ‍—‍ ‍7.316） were independently associated with MAFLD. Compared with the non-lean MAFLD group， the lean MAFLD group had significantly higher age （Z=3.736， P<0.05） and HDL-C （Z=2.679， P<0.05） and significant reductions in the proportion of male patients （χ²=28.970， P<0.05）， body weight （Z=-14.230， P<0.05）， BMI （Z=-18.188， P<0.05）， waist circumference （Z=-13.451， P<0.05）， hip circumference （Z=-13.317， P<0.05）， ALT （Z=-4.519， P<0.05）， AST （Z=-2.258， P<0.05）， GGT （Z=-4.592， P<0.05）， UA （Z=-4.415， P<0.05）， the proportion of patients with moderate or severe fatty liver disease or MetS （χ²=42.564， P<0.05）， and the prevalence rates of hypertension （χ²=12.057， P<0.05） and type 2 diabetes （χ²=3.174， P<0.05）. Among the patients with MAFLD， 10 patients （0.9%） had an FIB-4 score of >2.67， 4 patients （0.4%） had an NFS score of >0.676， 8 patients （0.7%） had an APRI of >1， and 551 patients （51.6%） had a BARD score of ≥2. ConclusionThere is a relatively high prevalence rate of MAFLD among the health check-up population in Beijing， but with a relatively low number of patients with a high risk of advanced fibrosis， and such patients need to be referred to specialized hospitals for liver diseases.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Buzhong Yiqitang on exercise-induced fatigue and its potential mechanism. MethodsSixty male SPF-grade C57BL/6J mice were randomized into blank， model， low-， medium-， high-dose （4.1， 8.2， 16.4 g·kg^-1， respectively） Buzhong Yiqitang， and vitamin C （0.04 g·kg^-1） groups. The blank and model groups were administrated with normal saline. Each group was administrated with corresponding agents by gavage at a dose of 0.2 mL once a day. Except the blank group， other groups underwent a 6-weeks exhaustive swimming test under negative gravity. At the end of the experiment， blood was collected， and the thymus， spleen， liver， and kidney weights were measured. Serum levels of lactic acid （LD）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， creatine kinase （CK）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） were assessed by kits to evaluate fatigue. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe pathological changes in the skeletal muscle. Electron microscopy was used to examine the skeletal muscle cell ultrastructure， with a focus on mitochondrial morphological changes. The adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content and activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅴ in skeletal muscle were determined by kits. The expression levels of key genes and proteins in the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1）-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis pathways in the skeletal muscle were evaluated via Real-time PCR and Western blot， respectively. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed reductions in weight gain rate （P<0.01） and thymus index （P<0.01）， rises in serum levels of LD， BUN， MDA， and CK （P<0.01）， disarrangement of skeletal muscle， broken muscle fibers， inflammatory cell infiltration in muscle fiber gaps， abnormal morphological changes （increased vacuolated mitochondria and disappearance of cristae） of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells， and decreased mitochondria. In addition， the skeletal muscle in the model group showed reduced content of ATP， weakened activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅴ （P<0.05）， up-regulated mRNA levels of PINK1， E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase （Parkin）， hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 1 （HEY1）， dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1）， sequestosome 1 （p62）， and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha （HIF-1α） （P<0.05）， and down-regulated protein level of microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3B （LC3B） （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Buzhong Yiqitang prolonged the swimming exhaustion time （P<0.01）， increased the weight gain rate （P<0.01） and thymus index （P<0.01）， lowered the serum levels of LD， BUN， MDA， and CK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The skeletal muscle in the Buzhong Yiqitang groups showed neat arrangement， reduced inflammatory cells， intact mitochondria with dense cristae， and increased mitochondria. In addition， the skeletal muscle in the Buzhong Yiqitang groups showcased increased ATP content， enhanced activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅴ （P<0.05， P<0.01）， up-regulated protein levels of PINK1， Parkin， HEY1， LC3B， and Drp1 and mRNA level of HIF-1α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated expression level of p62 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang can prevent and treat exercise-induced fatigue by regulating the mitochondrial homeostasis of skeletal muscle via the HIF-1α/PINK1/Parkin and HIF-1α/HEY1/PINK1 signaling pathways.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Tangbikang dry paste in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） based on the glyoxalase-1 （GLO-1）/advanced glycation end products （AGE）/receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE） pathway. MethodsA total of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided， with eight assigned to the normal group. The remaining 48 rats were fed a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ） to induce a type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） model. Based on blood glucose levels， the rats were randomly assigned to the model group， Tanglin group （13.5 mg·kg^-1）， metformin group （135 mg·kg^-1）， and Tangbikang dry paste low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （3， 6， 12 g·kg^-1）. Successful modeling of DPN was confirmed by a decrease in mechanical pain threshold in the model group at week 4. Fasting blood glucose， body weight， and mechanical pain threshold were measured every 4 weeks. After 16 weeks of intervention， the pathological morphology of the sciatic nerve was observed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The expression of RAGE， AGE， protein kinase C （PKC）， and collagen （COL） in the sciatic nerve was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of RAGE， PKC， Toll-like receptor （TLR）， COL， and GLO-1 was detected using real-time quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR）. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， creatinine （CREA）， urea （UREA）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased fasting blood glucose （P<0.01）， decreased body weight and mechanical pain threshold （P<0.01）， and elevated serum AST， ALT， CREA， UREA， IL-6， and TNF-α levels （P<0.01）. The expression of RAGE， AGE， and PKC in the sciatic nerve was significantly increased （P<0.01）， while COL expression was decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of TLR， RAGE， and PKC was upregulated （P<0.01）， whereas COL and GLO-1 mRNA levels were downregulated （P<0.01）. Histological examination showed irregular nerve morphology， axonal alterations， and myelin degeneration. Compared with the model group， fasting blood glucose levels in the Tangbikang dry paste high-dose group at all time points and in the medium-dose group at weeks 4 and 16 were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. No significant changes in body weight were observed across all Tangbikang dose groups. The mechanical pain threshold was elevated at different time points after administration in all Tangbikang groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were decreased in all dose groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of RAGE， AGE， and PKC in the sciatic nerve was reduced （P<0.01）， while COL expression was increased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of TLR， RAGE， and PKC was downregulated （P<0.01）， whereas GLO-1 mRNA expression was upregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Additionally， COL mRNA expression was significantly increased in the low- and high-dose groups （P<0.01）. Pathological changes in the sciatic nerve were milder in all Tangbikang groups compared to the model group. ConclusionTangbikang dry paste significantly improves DPN， and its mechanism may be associated with the regulation of the GLO-1/AGE/RAGE signaling pathway.

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.