: To analyze the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among primary and secondary school students in Rural Nutrition Improvement Program areas of Guizhou Province in 2023, and to explore the related factors, so as to provide evidence for Rural Nutrition Improvement Program optimization. Methods: In September 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling strategy was used to select 40 rural compulsory education schools with rural nutrition improvement program in five counties of Guizhou Province. School level questionnaire was employed to collect information of basic characteristics and school meal implementation. A total of 7 826 primary and secondary school students aged 6-16 underwent anthropometry and hemoglobin (Hb) determination; serum ferritin (SF) was additionally measured in a random subsample of 1 795 pupils. Students in Grade 3 and above also completed a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours and nutrition knowledge. Group comparisons were conducted by Chi square test or Fisher s exact test, and multivariable Logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with anemia and iron deficiency. Results: The overall Hb level was (133.21±12.95)g/L, with an anemia prevalence of 7.17%. The overall SF level was (69.58±59.01)μg/L, with an iron deficiency prevalence of 2.73%. Multivariable analysis showed that stunting ( OR =1.88), school menus without nutrient calculation ( OR =1.61) and absence of menu planning software in the current semester ( OR =2.34) independently increased anemia risk, whereas obesity reduced it ( OR =0.54) (all P <0.05). Girls ( OR =4.16) and Grades 7-9 ( OR =5.93) increased iron deficiency risk (both P <0.05). Compared with rarely eating fresh vegetables, students with consuming <3 kinds per day ( OR =0.08) or exactly 3 kinds per day ( OR =0.06) had lower iron deficiency risks (both P <0.05). Conclusions Anemia and iron deficiency are prevalent among primary and secondary school students in Guizhou. Targeted intervention measures should be implemented for key populations to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition improvement program.

Dry eye disease(DED)is a common ocular surface disorder worldwide, primarily characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD), decreased tear film stability, ocular discomfort, and visual impairment. In recent years, factors such as the widespread use of digital devices,the aging population, and environmental changes have contributed to a significant increase in its global prevalence, making it a major public health concern. Red light therapy(RLT), also known as low-level laser therapy(LLLT)or photobiomodulation(PBM), is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes low-energy red or near-infrared light to irradiate tissues. It exerts photobiomodulatory effects to promote cellular repair and functional recovery. This therapy has demonstrated considerable potential in treating various ocular conditions. Its broader clinical application could improve therapeutic outcomes, alleviate patient discomfort and financial burden, and reduce the consumption of healthcare resources, thereby yielding significant socio-economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the multifaceted mechanisms and application prospects of RLT in managing DED, including its anti-inflammatory effects, improvement of meibomian gland function, promotion of conjunctival goblet cell repair, and alleviation of visual fatigue, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for its clinical adoption.

Objective To implement the disease prevention and control strategy of being ^"proactive and grassroots-focused,^" and to enhance the overall effectiveness of general hospitals in the tertiary prevention of cervical cancer, this consensus aims to provide an actionable guiding framework for the standardized construction of ^"Integrated Outpatient Clinics for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control^" in general hospitals at all levels. Methods This consensus systematically elaborates on the specific elements for establishing such integrated clinics and formulates the corresponding standards. Results It is anticipated that the consensus will promote the establishment of standardized, homogeneous, and high-efficiency frontline positions for cervical cancer prevention and control within general hospitals, thereby contributing to the strategic vision of accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer. Conclusion The formulation and promotion of the consensus aim to provide robust clinical practice support for accelerating the realization of China's strategic vision of eliminating cervical cancer.

Objective: To explore the effects of microwave radiation on cognitive function and neuroinflammation in mice with experimental periodontitis, providing experimental evidence for understanding how environmental exposure may be linked to the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by modulating chronic inflammation as a shared pathological mechanism Methods: This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group (C group, untreated), a microwave radiation group (R group, exposed to microwave radiation only), a periodontitis group (P group, ligation-induced periodontitis only), and a periodontitis + microwave radiation group (PR group, ligation-induced periodontitis plus microwave radiation exposure). A periodontitis model was established using the silk ligation method. Eight weeks after modeling, the R and PR groups were subjected to whole-body microwave radiation at 2 800 MHz and 10 mW/cm2 for 10 h/day for 7 consecutive days. Behavioral tests were conducted: the open field test and elevated plus maze test were used to assess anxiety-like behavior, the Y-maze test to evaluate spatial memory, and the novel object recognition test to assess learning and memory abilities. Micro-CT, hematoxylin & eosin staining (HE), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to analyze periodontal tissue pathology and local inflammation. Serum and brain levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The composition of the oral microbiota was analyzed based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Behavioral tests showed that anxiety-like behavior was significantly exacerbated in the R and PR groups, and spatial and recognition memory impairments in the PR and P groups were more severe compared with the R and C groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Histological and molecular biological analyses revealed that periodontal inflammation infiltration, alveolar bone resorption, and local expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) were further exacerbated in the PR and P groups compared with the R and C groups, respectively (P < 0.05). ELISA results showed that in serum, LPS levels in group P and group PR were increased compared with group C and group R, respectively. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in group PR were significantly higher than those in group P and group R, with a synergistic increase in TNF-α level (P < 0.05). In brain tissue, LPS and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels in group P were significantly higher than those in group C; all the above indicators in group PR were significantly higher than those in group P and group R, and LPS and IL-6 levels showed a synergistic increase (P < 0.05). Oral microbiota analysis found that microwave radiation further reduced microbial diversity on the basis of periodontitis, leading to increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and decreased relative abundances of Staphylococcus. Correlation analysis confirmed that these differential bacterial genera were positively correlated with brain inflammation levels and negatively correlated with cognitive function indicators. Conclusion Microwave radiation exposure can exacerbate cognitive impairment in mice with experimental periodontitis, and its mechanism may be related to aggravated local periodontal damage, disruption of oral microbiota homeostasis, and subsequent induction of systemic and central neuroinflammatory cascades.

Objective: Inflammatory cascade reactions play a crucial role in secondary neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of this study was to explore the correlations between specific serological indicators, early neurological deterioration (END), disease prognosis, and syndrome factors in AIS based on this injury mechanism. Methods: The data for this study were collected from 135 patients with AIS admitted to the emergency department of Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, within 24 h of onset between November 2019 and May 2021. Among these, 29 patients had complete data and experienced END. Additionally, 9 non-END patients were matched from the remaining 90 patients with complete data, resulting in a total of 38 patients for statistical analysis. Statistical methods, including logistic regression and receiver operating curves, were used to analyze the correlation between serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) within 24 h of END onset, disease prognosis, and syndrome factors. Grouping criteria included END occurrence, presence of syndrome elements on the first and third day post-onset, and prognosis at 90 days post-onset. Results: All 38 cases had onset time of less than 12 h, and there were no significant differences in age, gender, and onset time between the END and non-END groups. The TNF-α serum level within 24 h of onset was not associated with the occurrence of END but was negatively correlated with all-cause mortality at 90 days [0.110; P<0.05). An elevated IL-10 serum level within 24 h of onset showed a strong negative correlation with non-disabling and good functional outcomes at 90 days post-onset (0.110; P<0.05). When the ICAM-1 serum levels exceeded 233 599.500 μg/L and 125 141.500 μg/L, respectively, the susceptibility to endogenous wind and endogenous fire on the third day of onset was 15.364 times and 6.071 times higher, respectively, than that in patients with serum levels below these thresholds. Conclusion As accessible and objective biomarkers, inflammatory serum indicators are closely associated with both disease progression and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements. They enhance AIS diagnosis, assessment, and treatment and contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of TCM syndrome differentiation in AIS diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To edit the gene of pertussis toxin(PT)-S1 subunit in order to complete the genetic detoxification of Bordetella pertussis CS strain.Methods Electroporation competent cells of Bordetella pertussis CS strain were prepared and electro-transfected with the linear recombinant DNA fragments carrying Kana resistance genes, which was then exchanged with the PT-S1 subunit through recombination of the homologous arms on both sides. The recombinant strains were screened with Kana antibiotics, and the recombinant sequence was determined by gene sequencing. The PT protein was obtained from the culture supernatant of the recombinant strains for ELISA, Western blot and in vitro toxicity analysis.Results S1-R9K/E129G double mutant strain FE3 and S1-R9K single mutant strain FE16 were obtained by genome and mRNA sequencing.The growth rate of FE3 and FE16 decreased slightly, but the maximum bacterial concentration increased. The content of PT protein in shake flask culture supernatant of strain FE3 and FE16 was 796. 8 and 185. 9 ng/mL, respectively, and the PT proteins could be recognized by S1 subunit monoclonal antibody 1B7. The in vitro toxicity of PT proteins from strain FE3 and FE16 decreased to 0. 001 6% and 0. 008 1%, respectively, compared with that of PT standard.Conclusion Gene editing can be performed on Bordetella pertussis CS strain using electroporation of linear DNA fragments and Kana antibiotic screening, and result in genetically detoxified pertussis strains with PT protein of significantly reduced toxicity, which lays a foundation for further research on pertussis vaccines.

Objective: To investigate the potential of conventional cranial computed tomography (CT) in assessing the early neurological deterioration(END), long-term prognosis, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements during the acute phase in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: This study included 101 patients with AIS onset within 24 h in the Emergency Department of Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, from November 2019 to May 2021. To investigate the correlation between the relevant characteristics of the first conventional cranial CT in patients with AIS onset within 24 h and END, 90 d prognosis, and initial syndrome elements, the presence or absence of END, the 90 d prognosis (non-disabling outcome or functionally independent outcome), and the establishment of syndrome elements (internal fire, phlegm-dampness, blood stasis, qi deficiency, yin deficiency) were used as dependent variables and grouping criteria. Results: This study included 61 males and 40 females, with an age of (64.43±10.56) years. The time from onset to conventional cranial CT examination was 3.50 (1.50, 9.75) h. Among the patients, there were 70 cases (69.3%) of mild AIS, 30 cases (29.7%) of moderate AIS, and one case (1.0%) of severe AIS. Fifteen patients (14.9%) received intravenous thrombolysis. Among the 101 patients, six syndrome elements were observed within 24 h of onset: internal wind in 101 cases (100.0%), internal fire in 58 cases (57.4%), phlegm-dampness in 60 cases (59.4%), blood stasis in 67 cases (66.3%), qi deficiency in 39 cases (38.6%), and yin deficiency in 23 cases (22.8%). The incidence of END was higher in patients with lesions in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere to the affected limb (32.9%) than in those without such lesions (10.7%), showing a strong positive correlation with END occurrence (OR=4.082, P = 0.026). The incidence of END was higher in patients with lesions in the basal ganglia region (33.3%) and the carotid system blood supply area (32.8%) than in those without lesions in the basal ganglia region (15.8%) and the carotid system territory (14.7%), showing moderate positive correlations with END occurrence (OR=2.667, P =0.047; OR=2.836, P=0.044). The proportion of non-disabling outcomes was lower among patients with white matter degeneration (30.8%) and lesions in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere to the affected limb (52.1%) than in those without white matter degeneration (63.6%) and without such lesions in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere to the affected limb (78.6%), both showing strong negative correlations with the occurrence of non-disabling outcomes (OR=0.254, P=0.034; OR=0.296, P=0.015). Similarly, the proportion of functionally independent outcomes was lower among individuals with white matter degeneration (30.8%) and lesions in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere to the affected limb (64.4%) than in those without white matter degeneration (77.3%) and without such lesions in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere to the affected limb (89.3%), both also showing strong negative correlations with the occurrence of functionally independent outcomes (OR=0.131, P=0.001; OR=0.217, P=0.014). The incidence rates of internal fire, blood stasis, and yin deficiency syndrome elements were 66.7%, 73.0%, and 30.2%, respectively, among patients with lesions in the basal ganglia region, compared to 42.1%, 55.3%, and 10.5% among those without lesions in this region. The presence of lesions in the basal ganglia region showed moderate to strong positive correlations with internal fire and yin deficiency syndrome elements (OR=2.750, P=0.016; OR=3.670, P=0.028). Patients with lesions in the centrum semiovale and corona radiata regions (66.7%) had a higher incidence of qi deficiency than those without lesions in this region (33.7%), showing a strong positive correlation with the occurrence of qi deficiency (OR=3.931, P=0.022). No CT characteristics were found to be correlated with phlegm-dampness syndrome elements. Conclusion The first cranial CT in patients with AIS has potential application value in predicting disease progression, assessing prognosis, and diagnosing syndromes, which can provide physicians with diagnostic and treatment decisions to improve the long-term prognosis of patients with AIS.

Objective:To explore inhibitory effect of Tianzhi granule on neuroinflammation in vascular dementia(VD)rats.Methods:Sixty rats were randomly divided into Sham group,VD group,TZG-L group and TZG-H group,with 15 rats in each group.Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion was used to construct VD rats model,Sham group was not ligated.Rats in TZG-L group and TZG-H group were gavaged with Tianzhi granule 5 g/kg,20 g/kg every day,while rats in Sham group and VD group were gavaged with same amount of normal saline for 8 weeks.Y-maze test was used to detect cognitive ability of rats;Nissl staining and FJC staining were used to assess neuronal damage;TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis;immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to detect Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,Iba-1,GFAP,MPO,Nrf2,HO-1 protein levels in temporal cortex tissue.PC12 cells was divided into Control group,Glutamate group,TZG-L group and TZG-H group.Glutamate(20 μmol/L)was used to construct neuron injury model.TZG-L group and TZG-H group were added with Tianzhi granule 1 mg/ml,4 mg/ml.Neurons in each group were incubated for 48 h.CCK8 method and TUNEL staining were used to detect activity and apoptosis of neurons;immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to detect Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,Nrf2,HO-1 protein levels in cells.Results:Compared with Sham group,cognitive ability of rats in VD group were decreased,TUNEL positive neurons ratio was increased,Bcl-2 level was decreased,Bax,Caspase-3,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,Iba-1,GFAP,MPO,Nrf2,HO-1 levels were increased(all P<0.05).Compared with VD group,cognitive ability of rats in TZG-L group and TZG-H group were increased,TUNEL positive neurons ratio was decreased,Bcl-2,Nrf2,HO-1 levels were increased,Bax,Caspase-3,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,Iba-1,GFAP,MPO levels were decreased(all P<0.05).Morphology of neurons in control group were normal;compared with control group,neurons in Glutamate group were swollen,activity of neurons was decreased,apoptosis rate was increased,Bcl-2 level was decreased,Bax,Caspase-3,Nrf2,HO-1 levels were increased(all P<0.05);compared with Glutamate group,cell damage in TZG-L group and TZG-H group were reduced,activity of neurons was increased and apoptosis rate was decreased,Bcl-2,Nrf2,HO-1 levels were increased,Bax,Caspase-3 levels were decreased(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Tianzhi granule can inhibit neuronal apoptosis and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in VD rats,inhibit activa-tion of microglia/astrocytes and neutrophil infiltration,improve neuroinflammation of VD,which may play a role by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in neurons.

Objective:To compare the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise(AE),resistance exercise(RE)and com-bined exercise(CE)on cardiac function,hemodynamics and vascular stiffness in young women with obesity,and to provide theoretical and practical basis for exercise prescription in this population.Method:Forty-seven women with obesity(body fat percentage≥30％)were screened and randomly divided in-to AE,RE and CE group.Exercise intervention consisted of 8 weeks,60 min per session,3 sessions per week.The AE group exercised on a running platform at 70％—75％of the heart rate reserve for 50 min.The RE group completed squats,bench presses and pull-ups sequentially at 75％of the 1 repetition maximum for 10 reps per set,with a 2 min break between sets and 2 min for the change of the movement interval.The CE group performed 25min of resistance training followed by 25min of aerobic training with the same content and intensity as the AE and RE exercise group.Changes in body composition,cardiac function,hemodynam-ics and vascular stiffness were detected before,during and after exercise using a dual-energy X-ray detector,color Doppler ultrasound and arterial stiffness detector.Result:Body fat percentage decreased significantly in all three groups after 8 weeks of exercise compared to pre-exercise(P<0.05).Lean mass significantly decreased in the AE group(P=0.02)at week 4,whereas in-creased significantly in the RE and CE groups at week 8 compared to baseline and exercise(P<0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic volume(P<0.01),stroke volume(P<0.01),and short-axis foreshortening rate(AE:P<0.01,RE:P=0.01,CE:P=0.047)increased significantly in all three groups after exercise compared to pre-exer-cise.Peak blood flow velocity(AE:P=0.04,CE:P<0.01)and blood flow shear(AE:P=0.01,CE:P<0.01)were significantly higher in the AE and CE groups than in the pre-exercise period,and only the increase in Wall shear stress was statistically significant in the RE group(P=0.02).The left and right brachial-ankle pulse wave conduction velocity(baPWV)of the AE group decreased significantly after 8 weeks of exercise(P<0.05).BaPWV of the RE group did not change significantly(P>0.05).The right baPWV of the CE group de-creased gradually with the increase of the duration of exercise,and the decrease appeared to be statistically significant in the 8 weeks(P=0.03).Conclusion:Eight weeks of aerobic,resistance and combined exercise all improved body composition,cardiac function and hemodynamic indices in young women with obesity.Aerobic and combined exercise not only re-duced body fat but also baPWV.Both combined and resistance exercise increased muscle mass,and resistance exercise had no effect on baPWV in young women with obesity.

Objectives:To describe the use of antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs, and evaluate the effects on blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids controls required by Chinese Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (the guideline) in a community-based cohort of individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. To analyze the association of the uses of antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs, and the comprehensive control of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids with cardiovascular disease. Methods:From the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY), those who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease and aged 40-75 years as of January 1, 2013 in in Yinzhou District of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province were selected as study subjects. The information about their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and lipid-lowering drug uses between 2013 and 2015 was collected, and blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid measurements were conducted during the follow-up. The study constructed two kinds of comprehensive scores: the comprehensive medication score based on the guideline requirement for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, dividing the study participants into the compliancy group and non-compliancy group; and the comprehensive control score based on the guideline requirement for blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids control, dividing the study participants into better control group, moderate control group, and poor control group. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association of the comprehensive medication score and comprehensive control score with cardiovascular disease. The incidence data of cardiovascular disease were collected from January 1, 2015 (baseline time) to August 31, 2020 (follow up end time).Results:A total of 79 734 participants at high risk for cardiovascular disease were included in the study, in whom 68.4%, 27.4%, and 4.2% had 1, 2, or 3 cardiometabolic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia), respectively. In the participants with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia from 2013 to 2015, the proportions of those who had two years of medication compliancy records were 66.0%, 67.4%, and 13.9%, respectively. In the hypertension patients, 59.2% had better blood pressure control, in the diabetes patients, 28.7% had better blood glucose control, and in the patients with hyperlipidemia, 27.4% had better blood lipid control. After a median follow-up of 5.66 years, 4 088 cardiovascular disease cases or deaths occurred. After multivariate adjustment, compared with the non-compliancy group, the compliancy group had lower risk for cardiovascular disease ( HR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96). Compared with the better control group, the poor control group had an increased risk for cardiovascular disease ( HR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.53-1.81). In the moderate control group, the risk increased significantly in the diabetes patients ( HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.07-1.56), while no additional risk for cardiovascular disease was observed in non-diabetes patients ( HR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.97-1.16). Conclusions:Compliancy to the medication required by the guideline is associated with lower risk for cardiovascular disease. However, it is still necessary to improve the medication compliancy in people at high risk in primary prevention, especially in the patients with hyperlipidemia, due to their low taking rate of lipid-lowering drugs. Additionally, as the requirement of the guideline becomes more stringent, the management of disease has met more challenges. Notably, diabetes patients who have not met the guideline requirement are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, to whom the disease management should be strengthened.