OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of clinical genetics specialization development and the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for hereditary diseases across medical institutions in Shanghai, and to assess the necessity and feasibility of establishing training bases for clinical genetics specialists. METHODS: By employing a cross-sectional survey design, the Clinical Genetics Committee of Shanghai Medical Association has conducted questionnaire surveys from March to April 2025 across 54 healthcare institutions in Shanghai (including 33 tertiary hospitals and 21 secondary hospitals). The survey involved administrative departments and medical personnel from 15 clinical specialties. The survey has covered current genetic disease diagnosis and treatment practices, relevant and specialised disease types, genetic department establishment, testing capabilities, personnel teams, and training requirements. RESULTS: The results revealed that 78.0% of clinical departments surveyed had treated patients with hereditary disorders. Shanghai possesses diagnostic and therapeutic expertise for over 95% of hereditary diseases listed in its rare disease catalogue, reflecting both the practical clinical demand for such conditions and the city's overall diagnostic and therapeutic strengths in this field. Nevertheless, significant disparities exist in the development of genetics departments across different tiers of healthcare institutions. Resources for genetic testing capabilities (including molecular, cellular, and biochemical testing) are also unevenly distributed across different tiers of hospitals. The survey further revealed that only 26.0% of departments believe that their current physician structure fully meets the diagnostic and treatment demands. Over 90% of departments consider standard training for clinical genetic specialists necessary, with 74.0% expressing willingness to participate in establishing training bases. Based on above findings and thorough deliberation, the Clinical Genetics Committee of the Shanghai Medical Association proposes advancing specialist training and discipline development through establishing a standard training system. The committee has drafted a three-year training protocol featuring a "joint training"-centered model, recommending a pilot-first, dynamically optimized strategy for steadily advancing training base development. CONCLUSION Shanghai faces substantial demand for genetic disease diagnosis and treatment, yet exhibits shortcomings in clinical genetics specialization development, resource allocation, and talent pipeline cultivation. To establish a standard training system holds significant practical importance and is underpinned by a broad demand.
Humans ; China ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Genetics, Medical/education* ; Genetic Testing

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Taishan Panshi powder （TSPSP） on inhibiting oxidative stress injury in human chorionic trophoblast cells （HTR-8/SVneo）， and to uelucidate the underlying mechanism of TSPSP in the treatment of spontaneous abortion （SA）. MethodsGene differential analysis of SA was performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database and correlated with oxidative stress. Network pharmacology was employed to screen the active components of TSPSP， and a "Chinese medicine-component-target-disease" network was constructed to predict the mechanism of action of TSPSP. For in vitro validation experiments， HTR-8/SVneo cells were divided into blank group， model group， TSPSP-containing serum 2.5%， 5%， 10% groups， and nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2） inhibitor group （ML385， 30 μmol·L^-1）. Except for the blank group， other groups were stimulated with 150 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ for 3 h to establish a cell oxidative stress injury model. After successful modeling， the blank group and model group were given 10% blank serum， each TSPSP-containing serum group was treated with the corresponding concentration of drug-containing serum， and the Nrf2 inhibitor group was additionally given 30 μmol·L^-1 ML385 on the basis of 10% TSPSP-containing serum. All groups of cells were continuously cultured under the above conditions for 24 h， and then samples were collected for subsequent detection. Cell viability in each group was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration rate was detected by scratch test. The contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）， Fe²⁺， and Glutathione （GSH） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） level was detected by a fluorescent probe （DCF-DA）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （KEAP1）， Nrf2， and forkhead box protein O3 （FoxO3） in cells were detected by immunofluorescence （IF） and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of KEAP1， Nrf2， FoxO3， Glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in cells were detected by Western blot. ResultsThe GSE76862 and GSE22490 datasets were obtained from the GEO database. Differential gene analyses showed that the KEAP1， Nrf2， and FoxO3 genes were all associated with the disease. After matching with the oxidative stress pathway， nine significantly differential pathways were identified （P<0.05）， among which three contained the target genes Nrf2 and FoxO3. A total of 246 active ingredient targets of TSPSP and 2 804 SA-related targets were obtained through network pharmacology， and 154 potential action targets were obtained after taking the intersection. Topological analysis showed that targets such as KEAP1 and Nrf2 exhibited high degree values. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the intersection targets were mainly involved in oxidative stress response， FOXO and MAPK signaling pathways， etc. In in vitro experiments， compared with the blank group， the cell viability in the model group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the cell viability in each TSPSP-containing serum group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the 10% TSPSP-containing serum group， the cell viability in the ML385 group decreased to approximately 70% （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed significantly increased contents of MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS， decreased GSH expression （P<0.01）， significantly reduced cell migration rate （P<0.01）， and increased protein and mRNA expression levels of KEAP1 and FoxO3 （P<0.01）， while decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， GPX4， and SOD （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， each TSPSP-containing serum group showed significantly decreased contents of MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS， increased GSH expression （P<0.01）， significantly increased migration rate （P<0.01）， significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of KEAP1 and FoxO3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， GPX4， and SOD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the 10% TSPSP-containing serum group， the ML385 group showed reversed trends in all indicators （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTSPSP can inhibit H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress injury of trophoblast cells， and its mechanism of action may be related to the drug activating the KEAP1/Nrf2/FoxO3 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Taishan Panshi powder （TSPSP） on inhibiting oxidative stress injury in human chorionic trophoblast cells （HTR-8/SVneo）， and to uelucidate the underlying mechanism of TSPSP in the treatment of spontaneous abortion （SA）. MethodsGene differential analysis of SA was performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database and correlated with oxidative stress. Network pharmacology was employed to screen the active components of TSPSP， and a "Chinese medicine-component-target-disease" network was constructed to predict the mechanism of action of TSPSP. For in vitro validation experiments， HTR-8/SVneo cells were divided into blank group， model group， TSPSP-containing serum 2.5%， 5%， 10% groups， and nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2） inhibitor group （ML385， 30 μmol·L^-1）. Except for the blank group， other groups were stimulated with 150 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ for 3 h to establish a cell oxidative stress injury model. After successful modeling， the blank group and model group were given 10% blank serum， each TSPSP-containing serum group was treated with the corresponding concentration of drug-containing serum， and the Nrf2 inhibitor group was additionally given 30 μmol·L^-1 ML385 on the basis of 10% TSPSP-containing serum. All groups of cells were continuously cultured under the above conditions for 24 h， and then samples were collected for subsequent detection. Cell viability in each group was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration rate was detected by scratch test. The contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）， Fe²⁺， and Glutathione （GSH） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） level was detected by a fluorescent probe （DCF-DA）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （KEAP1）， Nrf2， and forkhead box protein O3 （FoxO3） in cells were detected by immunofluorescence （IF） and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of KEAP1， Nrf2， FoxO3， Glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in cells were detected by Western blot. ResultsThe GSE76862 and GSE22490 datasets were obtained from the GEO database. Differential gene analyses showed that the KEAP1， Nrf2， and FoxO3 genes were all associated with the disease. After matching with the oxidative stress pathway， nine significantly differential pathways were identified （P<0.05）， among which three contained the target genes Nrf2 and FoxO3. A total of 246 active ingredient targets of TSPSP and 2 804 SA-related targets were obtained through network pharmacology， and 154 potential action targets were obtained after taking the intersection. Topological analysis showed that targets such as KEAP1 and Nrf2 exhibited high degree values. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the intersection targets were mainly involved in oxidative stress response， FOXO and MAPK signaling pathways， etc. In in vitro experiments， compared with the blank group， the cell viability in the model group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the cell viability in each TSPSP-containing serum group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the 10% TSPSP-containing serum group， the cell viability in the ML385 group decreased to approximately 70% （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed significantly increased contents of MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS， decreased GSH expression （P<0.01）， significantly reduced cell migration rate （P<0.01）， and increased protein and mRNA expression levels of KEAP1 and FoxO3 （P<0.01）， while decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， GPX4， and SOD （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， each TSPSP-containing serum group showed significantly decreased contents of MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS， increased GSH expression （P<0.01）， significantly increased migration rate （P<0.01）， significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of KEAP1 and FoxO3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， GPX4， and SOD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the 10% TSPSP-containing serum group， the ML385 group showed reversed trends in all indicators （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTSPSP can inhibit H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress injury of trophoblast cells， and its mechanism of action may be related to the drug activating the KEAP1/Nrf2/FoxO3 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Curcumin is the main active ingredient of turmeric and has significant medicinal value in anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and other aspects.However,its poor water solubility,unstable chemical properties and easy decomposition lead to difficulty in extracting curcumin and low extraction yield.Therefore,it is particularly important to optimize the curcumin extraction method.OBJECTIVE:To enhance the extraction yield and utilization value of curcumin and optimize the curcumin extraction process and curcumin nanoparticle preparation process.METHODS:Curcumin was extracted from turmeric by ethanol extraction,ultrasonic extraction,ionic liquid extraction,enzyme extraction,and ionic liquid combined with ultrasonic assisted enzyme extraction.The curcumin extraction yield was detected by high performance liquid chromatography;the best extraction method was determined,and subsequent process optimization experiments were carried out.The curcumin extraction yield was the response value with the type of ionic liquid,reaction temperature,ultrasonic time,liquid-to-solid ratio,ionic liquid concentration,and enzyme-drug mass ratio as parameters.The optimal production process of ionic liquid combined with ultrasonic assisted enzyme extraction was determined by single factor combined response surface experiment.The optimal process for preparing curcumin nanoparticles by ionic crosslinking method was determined by single factor combined response surface experiment with acetic acid concentration,chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio,stirring rate,curcumin mass concentration,sodium tripolyphosphate mass concentration,and chitosan mass concentration as parameters,and drug encapsulation efficiency as response value.Curcumin nanoparticles were prepared under the optimal process,and the particle size,polydispersity index,Zata potential value,drug loading,stability,hemolysis rate,and antioxidant capacity in vivo and in vitro of the nanoparticles were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Among the five extraction methods,the curcumin yield of ionic liquid combined with ultrasound-assisted enzyme extraction was the highest,and this method was selected as the curcumin extraction method for subsequent experiments.The results of single factor combined response surface experiment showed that the optimal process for curcumin extraction was:ionic liquid selected 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride,reaction temperature 55 ℃,liquid-to-solid ratio 40 mL/g,ultrasound time 57 minutes,ionic liquid concentration 57％,enzyme-drug mass ratio 3.5:10,and the obtained turmeric extraction yield was 3.10％.The optimal preparation process of curcumin nanoparticles was:glacial acetic acid concentration 0.5％,chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 5.0:1,stirring speed 150 r/min,curcumin mass concentration 2.23 mg/mL,sodium tripolyphosphate mass concentration 1.45 mg/mL,chitosan mass concentration 3.63 mg/mL,and the obtained drug encapsulation efficiency was 90.61％.(2)The drug loading of curcumin nanoparticles was(14.49±0.23)％,the average particle size was(76.95±1.65)nm,the polydispersity coefficient was 0.15±0.02,and the Zata potential value was(32.37±1.46)mV.The curcumin nanoparticles had good stability and blood compatibility,did not induce hemolysis,and had stronger antioxidant capacity in vivo and in vitro than free curcumin.(3)The results show that the process optimization not only solves the problems of low extraction yield,poor solubility,and low bioavailability of curcumin,but also enhances its antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among college students in Yangzhou from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods: An epidemiological investigation was conducted among 162 college students with PTB, and 7 134 of their contacts were screened. Data were obtained from the tuberculosis information management system and on campus screening records. Using descriptive epidemiological methods, trends in incidence, seasonal distribution, and bacteriological characteristics were analyzed. Results: From 2020 to 2024, the annual average incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among college students in Yangzhou was 29.42 per 100 000, showing an overall fluctuating downward trend ( χ 2=12.36, P <0.01). Cases were mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, with the highest proportion in autumn (41.36%, 67/162), followed by summer (23.46%, 38/162). The proportion of etiologically positive cases increased from 37.21% in 2020 to 71.43% in 2024; among positive cases, the proportion of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) decreased from 66.67% (10/15) to 26.67% (4/15). The etiological positive rate was higher in females than in males ( χ 2= 11.76 , P <0.01). Comparison of screening methods showed that among index cases, the LTBI detection rate of the recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test (C-TST) was higher than that of the tuberculin skin test (TST), but the difference was not statistically significant ( χ 2=0.65, P =0.42); among close contacts, the detection rate of TST was higher than that of C-TST (15.1%,10.1%; χ 2=5.23, P <0.05). Conclusion From 2020 to 2024, the annual average incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among college students in Yangzhou showed an overall fluctuating downward trend, with differences in TB infection screening methods and gender.

BACKGROUND:Curcumin is the main active ingredient of turmeric and has significant medicinal value in anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and other aspects.However,its poor water solubility,unstable chemical properties and easy decomposition lead to difficulty in extracting curcumin and low extraction yield.Therefore,it is particularly important to optimize the curcumin extraction method.OBJECTIVE:To enhance the extraction yield and utilization value of curcumin and optimize the curcumin extraction process and curcumin nanoparticle preparation process.METHODS:Curcumin was extracted from turmeric by ethanol extraction,ultrasonic extraction,ionic liquid extraction,enzyme extraction,and ionic liquid combined with ultrasonic assisted enzyme extraction.The curcumin extraction yield was detected by high performance liquid chromatography;the best extraction method was determined,and subsequent process optimization experiments were carried out.The curcumin extraction yield was the response value with the type of ionic liquid,reaction temperature,ultrasonic time,liquid-to-solid ratio,ionic liquid concentration,and enzyme-drug mass ratio as parameters.The optimal production process of ionic liquid combined with ultrasonic assisted enzyme extraction was determined by single factor combined response surface experiment.The optimal process for preparing curcumin nanoparticles by ionic crosslinking method was determined by single factor combined response surface experiment with acetic acid concentration,chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio,stirring rate,curcumin mass concentration,sodium tripolyphosphate mass concentration,and chitosan mass concentration as parameters,and drug encapsulation efficiency as response value.Curcumin nanoparticles were prepared under the optimal process,and the particle size,polydispersity index,Zata potential value,drug loading,stability,hemolysis rate,and antioxidant capacity in vivo and in vitro of the nanoparticles were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Among the five extraction methods,the curcumin yield of ionic liquid combined with ultrasound-assisted enzyme extraction was the highest,and this method was selected as the curcumin extraction method for subsequent experiments.The results of single factor combined response surface experiment showed that the optimal process for curcumin extraction was:ionic liquid selected 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride,reaction temperature 55 ℃,liquid-to-solid ratio 40 mL/g,ultrasound time 57 minutes,ionic liquid concentration 57％,enzyme-drug mass ratio 3.5:10,and the obtained turmeric extraction yield was 3.10％.The optimal preparation process of curcumin nanoparticles was:glacial acetic acid concentration 0.5％,chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 5.0:1,stirring speed 150 r/min,curcumin mass concentration 2.23 mg/mL,sodium tripolyphosphate mass concentration 1.45 mg/mL,chitosan mass concentration 3.63 mg/mL,and the obtained drug encapsulation efficiency was 90.61％.(2)The drug loading of curcumin nanoparticles was(14.49±0.23)％,the average particle size was(76.95±1.65)nm,the polydispersity coefficient was 0.15±0.02,and the Zata potential value was(32.37±1.46)mV.The curcumin nanoparticles had good stability and blood compatibility,did not induce hemolysis,and had stronger antioxidant capacity in vivo and in vitro than free curcumin.(3)The results show that the process optimization not only solves the problems of low extraction yield,poor solubility,and low bioavailability of curcumin,but also enhances its antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro.

Background With the progression of industrialization, an increasing number of emerging contaminants are entering aquatic environments, posing significant threats to the safety of drinking water. Therefore, establishing a system for identifying unknown hazardous factors and implementing safety warning mechanisms for drinking water is of paramount importance. Among these efforts, non-target screening plays a critical role, but its effectiveness is largely constrained by the scope of coverage of sample pre-treatment methods. Objective To integrate modern chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques with advanced data mining methods to develop a non-discriminatory sample pre-treatment method for comprehensive enrichment of unknown contaminants in drinking water, laying a technical foundation for the discovery and identification of unknown organic hazardous factors in drinking water. Methods A non-discriminatory pre-treatment method based on supramolecular and solid-phase extraction was developed. The final target compounds including 333 pesticides, 194 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and 59 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were used for optimizing the pre-treatment method, confirming its coverage. The impacts of different eluents on the absolute recovery rates of target compounds were compared to select the conditions with the highest recovery for sample pre-treatment. The effects of different supramolecular solvents and salt concentrations on target compound recovery were also evaluated to determine the most suitable solvent and salt concentration. Results The solid-phase extraction elution solvents, supramolecular extraction solvents, and salt concentrations were optimized based on the target compound recovery rates. The optimal recovery conditions were achieved using 2 mL methanol, 2 mL methanol (containing 1% formic acid), 2 mL ethyl acetate, 2 mL dichloromethane, hexanediol supramolecular solvent, and 426 mg salt. The detection method developed based on these conditions showed a good linear relationship for all target compounds in the range of 0.1-100.0 ng·mL⁻¹, with R² > 0.99. The method’s limit of detection ranged from 0.01 ng⁻¹ to 0.95 ng⁻¹, and 95% of target compounds were recovered in the range of 20%-120%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 30%, indicating good precision. Conclusion The combined pre-treatment method of solid-phase extraction and supramolecular solvent extraction can effectively enrich contaminants in drinking water across low, medium, and high polarities, enabling broad-spectrum enrichment of diverse trace contaminants in drinking water. It provides technical support for broad-spectrum, high-throughput screening and identification of organic pollutants in drinking water, and also serves as a reference for establishing urban drinking water public safety warning systems.

Objective To investigate the current status of breastfeeding motivation in early post-partum women and analyze the influencing factors of breastfeeding motivation.Methods A conven-ience sampling method was used to select 205 hospitalized women within 48 to 72 hours postpartum as the study subjects.The women were surveyed using a general information questionnaire,a breastfeed-ing motivation scale,a breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire,and a short-form scale for breastfeed-ing self-efficacy.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of breastfeeding motivation among the women.Results The average score for autonomous motivation to-wards breastfeeding among 205 women was(49.94±7.62),and the average score for controlled mo-tivation was(23.76±3.59).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,par-ticipation in breastfeeding-related courses during pregnancy,planned duration of breastfeeding,skill dimension score of the short-form scale for breastfeeding self-efficacy,and total score on the breast-feeding knowledge questionnaire were influencing factors for the autonomous motivation score towards breastfeeding(P＜0.05);participation in breastfeeding-related courses during pregnancy,skill di-mension score on the short-form breastfeeding self-efficacy,and total score on the breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire were influencing factors for the controlled motivation score towards breast-feeding(P＜0.05).Conclusion The level of breastfeeding motivation in early postpartum women needs to be improved.Healthcare providers should focus on maternal age and planned duration of breastfeeding,strengthen breastfeeding knowledge education,and enhance maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy to improve maternal breastfeeding motivation and breastfeeding rates.

Objective To construction and investigate the application effect of auricular acupressure technology in patients with cough with different syndrome types.Methods From December 2022 to March 2023,the Delphi method was used to consult experts to form a technical scheme for auricular pressure in patients with cough with different syndrome types in the early and middle stages.122 patients with stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ lung cancer cough from the oncology department of 3 tertiary hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing between July 2023 to January 2024 were randomly divided into an experimental group(61 cases)and a control group(61 cases).The experimental group referred to the constructed auricular acupressure technique program to identify and take acupoints,and the control group used the original auricular acupressure program for 7 d of continuous intervention.The changes in the scores of the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)and the scores of The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for lung cancer(MDASI-LC)were observed in the 2 groups before and after the intervention.Results The final scheme included 3 first-level items,12 second-level items,and 14 third-level items.The 2 rounds of expert authority coefficients were 0.88,indicating a high degree of authority,and the Kendall harmony coefficients of the 2 rounds of correspondence were 0.170 and 0.130(P＜0.001),respectively,and the results tended to be consistent.A total of 122 patients completed the study.After intervention,the VAS score of cough severity in the experimental group was 3.0(2.0,3.0)points,which was lower than 3.0(3.0,4.0)points in the control group.The MDASI-LC score of the experimental group was 17.0(9.5,31.5)points,which was lower than 28.0(15.5,47.5)points in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The constructed auricular acupressure technique program has certain scientificity,and it can effectively relieve cough symptoms of stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ lung cancer patients,and the severity of symptom clusters has been improved,which provides the basis for TCM nursing intervention in cough symptoms of lung cancer patients.

Objective To explore the prevalence of 9 respiratory pathogens from March 2023 to February 2024,as well as the detection efficiency of various methods for pathogens.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the detection of 9 pathogens in 38 948 patients who first presented with respiratory symp-toms from March 2023 to February 2024,as well as the detection efficacy of nucleic acid,antigen,antibody and other methods.Results Firstly,among 38 948 patients,a total of 8 345 cases(21.43%)were detected with at least one pathogen,of which 8 158 cases(20.95%)were detected with only one pathogen,and 187 cases(2.29%,187/8 158)were detected with two or more pathogens.The top three detection rates were SARS-CoV-2(20.37%),mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP,15.58%)and influenza A virus(IVA,10.79%).Secondly,among patients who detected at least one of the nine pathogens,the detection rate was 24.94%in autumn,21.45%in spring,18.54%in summer,and 19.22%in winter,and the difference in detection rates between the four seasons was statistically significant(P<0.001).Thirdly,except for the relatively high detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in spring(51.24%)and summer(37.31%),and the highest detection rate of IVB in winter(11.28%),the detection rates of other pathogens were highest in autumn.Fourthly,there was a statistically significant difference in the total detection rates among the children group(31.83%),the youth group(12.48%),the middle-aged group(10.70%),and the elderly group(12.43%)(P<0.001).The detection rates of 7 pathogens,including MP,IVA,Influenza B virus(IVB),syncytial virus,CP,adenovirus,and parain-fluenza virus type 1,were highest in children,and there was a statistically significant difference in comparison between different age groups(P<0.05).The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the children group(3.45%)was lower than that in other age groups(30.90%,29.09%,32.16%,P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in HPIV-3 between different age groups(P=0.478).Fifthly,there was no significant difference in overall detection rate between male and female(P>0.05).However,the detection rates of MP and CP in female were higher than those in male(P<0.05),while IVA in male was slightly higher than that in female(P=0.014).There were no significant differences in the detection rate of other 6 pathogens between female and male(P>0.05).Sixthly,the detection rate of MP antigen was lower than that of MP nucleic acid detection(P<0.001),and the detection rate of MP antibody detection was lower than that of MP nucleic acid detection(P<0.001).The detection rate of MP antibody detection increased significantly with the extension of time from initial symptoms to medical treatment(P<0.001).Seventhly,the detection rates of antigen of IVA,IVB,RSV and ADV were significantly lower than those of the corresponding nucleic acid(P<0.001),and the detection rates of nucleic acid testing for 4 kinds of pathogen was about 5 times that of the correspond-ing antigen testing(4.75-6.25 times).And the consistency of the detection rate between antigen detection and nucleic acid detection was poor(Kappa=0.046-0.239).Conclusion The prevalence of common respir-atory pathogens from March 2023 to February 2024 exhibits certain characteristics.Moreover,the detection ef-ficiency of different methods for pathogens varies greatly,and appropriate detection methods should be select-ed based on a thorough understanding of their performance.