Objective: To explore the longitudinal relationships between sleep problems and non suicidal self injury (NSSI) behaviors in college students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of NSSI. Methods: In October 2023 (T1), a total of 1 009 college students from two provincial colleges in Guangdong were selected by using a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling for a 1 year follow up survey (October 2024, T2). The students were assessed by using the Insomnia Severity Index(ISI), Non restorative Sleep Scale(NRSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Adolescent Non suicidal Self injury Assessment Questionnaire(ANSAQ). Data analysis was performed using McNemar’s test and Logistic regression. Results: The detection rate of NSSI behaviors was 18.83% at T1 and decreased to 7.73% at T2, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=66.24, P <0.01). The trajectories of NSSI behaviors were divided into persistent group (4.06%), new onset group (3.67%), remission group (14.77%), and resistance group (77.50%). Logistic regression analysis showed that sleep less than 7 hours per day at night, insomnia (mild, moderate to severe), non restorative sleep (moderate, severe), daytime sleepiness, and weekly nightmare frequency (1-2, ≥3 times) were associated with NSSI behaviors at T1 ( OR =5.02, 2.39, 5.51, 3.47, 9.70, 2.36, 2.63, 4.74, all P <0.01). Insomnia (mild, moderate to severe), severe non restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, and weekly nightmares ≥3 times at T1 all increased the risk of NSSI behaviors at T2 ( OR =1.76, 4.15, 4.05, 1.88, 5.63, all P < 0.05 ). Moderate to severe insomnia, severe non restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, and weekly nightmares ≥3 times at T1 increased the risk of belong to the new onset NSSI group ( OR =5.05, 3.37, 2.08, 5.86, all P <0.05). Conclusions Insomnia, non restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, and frequent nightmares are important risk factors for NSSI behaviors among college students. Early assessment and intervention of sleep problems may be an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of NSSI.

Objective:To explore the relationship between mobile phone addiction and self-injurious behavior among college students, as well as the mediating effect of rumination and the moderating effect of non-restorative sleep.Methods:In December 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 4 560 students from three universities in Guangdong, using the mobile phone addiction index, ruminative responses scale, non-restorative sleep scale(NRSS) and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury assessment questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 software and the PROCESS v4.2 macro program, with the Bootstrap method used to test mediating and moderating effects.Results:The prevalence of mobile phone addiction among college students was 34.5%(1 572/4 560), and the prevalence of self-injurious behavior was 14.8%(673/4 560). The detection rate of self-injurious behavior in college students with mobile phone addiction (21.2%, 333/1 572) was higher than that in students without mobile phone addiction (11.4%, 340/2 988) ( χ2=78.71, P<0.01). Compared with students without mobile phone addiction, the college students with mobile phone addiction had statistically significant differences in scores of rumination ((44.19±14.24), (35.93±12.37), t=19.47, P<0.01)) and NRSS ((40.63±5.64), (45.12±5.84), t=-24.97, P<0.01)). Analysis of the students with mobile phone addiction showed that the degree of mobile phone addiction was positively correlated with rumination ( r=0.33, P<0.01) and self-injurious behavior( r=0.13, P<0.01). Rumination was positively correlated with self-injurious behavior( r=0.32, P<0.01). The total score of NRSS was negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction ( r=-0.29, P<0.01), rumination ( r=-0.37, P<0.01), and self-injurious behavior ( r=-0.26, P<0.01). Mobile phone addiction had a positive predictive effect on self-injurious behavior( β=0.30, P<0.01). Rumination partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and self-injurious behavior, with a mediating effect size of 0.15, accounting for 50.00%(0.15/0.30) of the total effect. Non-restorative sleep moderated the first stage of the pathway through which mobile phone addiction affected self-injurious behavior via rumination. When non-restorative sleep was more severe, the positive predictive effect of mobile phone addiction on rumination was significantly strengthened ( βsimple=0.45, P<0.01, 95% CI=0.37-0.53). Non-restorative sleep also moderated the second stage of the pathway through which mobile phone addiction affected self-injurious behavior via rumination. When non-restorative sleep was more severe, the positive predictive impact of rumination on self-injurious behavior became significantly stronger ( βsimple=0.29, P<0.01, 95% CI=0.20-0.38). Conclusion:Mobile phone addiction exacerbates rumination, thereby increasing the risk of self-injurious behavior among college students. This effect is stronger among students with severe non-restorative sleep.

Objective:To explore the relationship between mobile phone addiction and self-injurious behavior among college students, as well as the mediating effect of rumination and the moderating effect of non-restorative sleep.Methods:In December 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 4 560 students from three universities in Guangdong, using the mobile phone addiction index, ruminative responses scale, non-restorative sleep scale(NRSS) and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury assessment questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 software and the PROCESS v4.2 macro program, with the Bootstrap method used to test mediating and moderating effects.Results:The prevalence of mobile phone addiction among college students was 34.5%(1 572/4 560), and the prevalence of self-injurious behavior was 14.8%(673/4 560). The detection rate of self-injurious behavior in college students with mobile phone addiction (21.2%, 333/1 572) was higher than that in students without mobile phone addiction (11.4%, 340/2 988) ( χ2=78.71, P<0.01). Compared with students without mobile phone addiction, the college students with mobile phone addiction had statistically significant differences in scores of rumination ((44.19±14.24), (35.93±12.37), t=19.47, P<0.01)) and NRSS ((40.63±5.64), (45.12±5.84), t=-24.97, P<0.01)). Analysis of the students with mobile phone addiction showed that the degree of mobile phone addiction was positively correlated with rumination ( r=0.33, P<0.01) and self-injurious behavior( r=0.13, P<0.01). Rumination was positively correlated with self-injurious behavior( r=0.32, P<0.01). The total score of NRSS was negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction ( r=-0.29, P<0.01), rumination ( r=-0.37, P<0.01), and self-injurious behavior ( r=-0.26, P<0.01). Mobile phone addiction had a positive predictive effect on self-injurious behavior( β=0.30, P<0.01). Rumination partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and self-injurious behavior, with a mediating effect size of 0.15, accounting for 50.00%(0.15/0.30) of the total effect. Non-restorative sleep moderated the first stage of the pathway through which mobile phone addiction affected self-injurious behavior via rumination. When non-restorative sleep was more severe, the positive predictive effect of mobile phone addiction on rumination was significantly strengthened ( βsimple=0.45, P<0.01, 95% CI=0.37-0.53). Non-restorative sleep also moderated the second stage of the pathway through which mobile phone addiction affected self-injurious behavior via rumination. When non-restorative sleep was more severe, the positive predictive impact of rumination on self-injurious behavior became significantly stronger ( βsimple=0.29, P<0.01, 95% CI=0.20-0.38). Conclusion:Mobile phone addiction exacerbates rumination, thereby increasing the risk of self-injurious behavior among college students. This effect is stronger among students with severe non-restorative sleep.

Objective:To explore the mediating effects of mindfulness and perceived stress between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences.Methods:In October 2021, 602 freshmen from a university in Guangdong Province were tested by childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), mindful attention awareness scale(MAAS), perceived stress scale(PSS), and community assessment of psychic experiences(CAPE). SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for data analysis. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation among childhood trauma, mindfulness, perceived stress and psychotic-like experiences. Bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating roles of mindfulness and perceived stress between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences. Results:(1) In the past one month, 59.5% of the freshmen had psychotic-like experiences, and 8.5% of them experienced the distress. (2)Childhood trauma was positively correlated with perceived stress( r=0.29, P<0.01), frequency ( r=0.14, P<0.01)and distress( r=0.17, P<0.01) of psychotic-like experiences, and was negatively correlated with mindfulness( r=-0.28, P<0.01). (2)Mindfulness and perceived stress played individual mediating effects and chain mediating effect between childhood trauma and frequency of psychotic-like experiences, with effect size of 0.08, 0.04, 0.03, accounting for 53.33%, 26.67%, 20.00% of the total indirect effect(effect size=0.15), respectively. Mindfulness and perceived stress played individual mediating effects and chain mediating effect between childhood trauma and distress of psychotic-like experiences, with effect size of 0.07, 0.04, 0.03, accounting for 50.00%, 28.57%, 21.43% of the total indirect effect(effect size=0.14), respectively. Conclusion:Childhood trauma can affect psychotic-like experiences and distress through the indirect effects of mindfulness and perceived stress, or through the chain mediating effect of mindfulness-perceived stress.