Objective To explore the feasibility of prototype of flexible ultrasound array transducer for measuring intravascular diameter and blood flow velocity.Methods A prototype of flexible ultrasonic array transducer composed of a surface mount flexible ultrasonic array transducer(referred to as the transducer)and acquisition system was designed and fabricated.Doppler body model and vascular simulation control system was used to simulate human blood.Mindray M7 color multi-functional ultrasound diagnostic instrument(abbreviated as M7)and the prototype were adopted to detect pulse wave excitation mode,spectral morphology,echo signal time interval,blood flow velocity,etc.Taken the results of M7 as standards,the effectiveness of the prototype was evaluated.Then the inner diameter and flow velocity of left common carotid artery,left brachial artery and left radial artery of 20 healthy controls(HC)were measured respectively using M7 and the prototype,and the consistency of measurement results were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of the prototype.The safety of the prototype was evaluated according to subjectively scoring the comfort level of HC applying the transducer and whether there was skin discomfort,injury,etc.after removing the transducer.Results The collected blood flow spectrum of the above vascular simulation control system acquire with the prototype were clear,and the spectral morphology,flow velocity,as well as echo signal time interval were basically consistent with those of M7.The consistency of the inner diameter of left common carotid artery,left brachial artery and left radial artery measured by the prototype and M7 in 20 HC were all very strong(ICC=0.919-0.992),while of flow velocities were moderate or very strong(ICC=0.524-0.831).The subjective score of comfort level of application of transducer was 3(2,3),and no skin discomfort occurred.Conclusion Flexible ultrasound array transducer technology could be used to measure intravascular diameter and blood flow velocity.

Objective:To investigate the function and mechanism of exosome Linc00665 in modulating CD8+T cell immunoreactivity to promote radiotherapy resistance in OSCC.Methods:HOEC,SCC9 and SCC9-RR exosomes were extracted and identified,and the expression of Linc00665 was detected by qRT-PCR in cell lines and exosomes.The expression of TNF-α,IFN-γ,perforin and granzyme B in each treatment group was detected by ELISA(PBS,SCC9 exo,SCC9-RR exo).The killing ability of CD8+T cells against SCC9 cells in each treatment group was detected by CCK-8 assay.The targets of Linc00665 were further bioinformatically ana-lyzed and verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of Linc00665,miR-28-5p and PD-1 in CD8+T cells was exogenous-ly regulated,the expression of immunoreactive factors in the supernatants of each treatment group was detected by ELISA(NC,sh-Linc00665,miR-28-5p inhibitor,sh-PD-1),and the killing ability of cells in each group was detected by CCK-8 method.Results:The concentrations of TNF-α,IFN-γ,perforin and granzyme B in the supernatants of cell culture in the SCC9-RR exo/CD8+T group were significantly decreased compared with those in the PBS/CD8+T group and the SCC9 exo/CD8+T group(P＜0.05),and the kill-ing ability of the cells in the SCC9-RR exo group was significantly decreased compared with those in the PBS group and the SCC9 exo group(P＜0.05),suggesting that SCC9-RR exo could inhibit the tumor killing ability of CD8+T cells.qRT-PCR results suggested that Linc00665 was highly expressed in the SCC9-RR cell line as well as exosome(P＜0.05).It was further verified by bioinformat-ics analysis that Linc00665 could regulate PD-1 expression via miR-28-5p,thereby modulating CD8+T cell immunoreactivity to pro-mote OSCC radiotherapy resistance.Conclusion:Exosome Linc00665 regulates CD8+T cell immunoreactivity through miR-28-5p/PD-1 axis to promote OSCC radiotherapy resistance.

Objective:To analyze the iodine nutrition status of children and adolescents and influencing factors in Zhejiang Province, providing scientific basis for optimizing iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) prevention and control strategies.Methods:In June 2022, a multistage stratified sampling method was used to divide 16 counties (cities, districts, abbreviated as counties) in Zhejiang Province into three categories based on their geographical locations (average distance from the coastline): coastal areas (including Dinghai District, Jiaojiang District, Sanmen County, Cixi City and Lucheng District), sub-coastal areas (including Wuxing District, Haining City, Linping District, Fuyang District and Fenghua District), and inland areas(including Suichang County, Changshan County, Shengzhou City, Jindong District, Dongyang City and Yongjia County). One county was selected from each category, and one township (street) was selected from each county. Two administrative villages (neighborhood committees) were selected from each township (street). Ten households including all children and adolescents aged 6-17 in each household were selected from each administrative village (neighborhood committee). Demographic information and personal dietary characteristics were collected via questionnaires, while household salt and a random urine sample were tested for iodine level. Trend analysis was conducted using a χ 2trend test, and a multivariate logistic stepwise regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of urinary iodine levels. Results:A total of 755 children and adolescents aged 6-17 were selected, including 387 males (51.26%) and 368 females (48.74%), with an age of (11.24 ± 3.32) years. There were 269 children and adolescents in coastal areas (35.63%) and 409 children and adolescents in urban areas (54.17%). A total of 755 household salt samples were collected, with a median salt iodine concentration of 21.80 mg/kg. These included 263 non-iodized salt samples, 38 unqualified iodized salt samples, and 454 qualified iodized salt samples. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 65.17% (492/755), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 60.13% (454/755). The distribution of salt iodine quality among children and adolescents in different geographical locations showed statistically significant differences (χ 2 = 111.95, P < 0.001), with the proportion of non-iodized salt gradually decreasing from coastal areas to inland areas (χ 2trend = 90.17, P < 0.001). A total of 755 urine samples were collected, with a median urinary iodine concentration of 186.60 μg/L. The proportions of urinary iodine < 100, 100-199, 200-299, and ≥300 μg/L were 16.95% (128/755), 37.62% (284/755), 24.37% (184/755), and 21.06% (159/755), respectively. The χ 2trend test revealed a nonlinear positive correlation between salt iodine level and urinary iodine level (χ 2regression = 21.98, P < 0.001; χ 2partial = 6.96, P < 0.001). The frequency distribution of urinary iodine in children and adolescents from different geographical locations and between urban and rural areas showed statistically significant differences (χ 2 = 29.63, 16.56, P < 0.001). Among them, the proportion of children and adolescents with urinary iodine < 100 μg/L gradually decreasing from coastal areas to inland areas (χ 2trend = 6.15, P = 0.013). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sub-coastal regions, inland regions, and urban-rural regions ( OR = 1.57, 1.53, 1.64, 95% CI: 1.11-2.24, 1.03-2.27, 1.17-2.32, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with urinary iodine levels in children and adolescents aged 6-17. Conclusions:In 2022, the iodine nutrition of children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province is generally suitable, but there is a risk of iodine deficiency among coastal children and adolescents. Geographic location and urban/rural areas are influencing factors on iodine nutrition status of children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province.

Objective:To study the influence of methyltransferases like 3(METTL3)on the radiosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells(OSCCs).Methods:The apoptosis level of OSCCs CAL27,SCC9 and SCC15 treated with X-ray radiation doses of 2,4 and 8 Gy respectively was compared by flow cytometry,the expression of methylated gene RNA and protein in the cells were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot.m6A in the cells was quantified by LC/LC-MS method.qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of methylated gene RNA and protein in the cells.Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell apoptosis level of CAL27 and SCC15 cells treated with METTL3 overexpression and knockdown respectively.The clone forma-tion of CAL27 and SCC15 cells after knockdown and overexpression of target genes followed by radiation treatment was observed by clonogenic assays.Results:The apoptosis rate of all the cell lines increased with the increase dose of radiation at each dose,CAL27 cells showed the highest and SCC15 showed the lowerst apoptosis rate.The RNA and protein expression levels of METTL3 in CAL27 were significantly lower than those of SCC15.m6A quantification showed that the methylation modification in CAL27 cells was lower than that in SCC15.The expression of METTL3 was increased in CAL27 and SCC15 cells after radiation treatment.Knockdown of METTL3 increaced the apoptosis rate and decreased the clonogenesity,overession of METTL3 the decreaced the ap optosis rate and increased the clonogenecity of the cells.Conclusion:Regulation of METTL3 can affect the radiotherapy sensitivity of OSCCs,METTL3 may become a new target for radiosensitization of OSCCs.

Objective To explore the feasibility of prototype of flexible ultrasound array transducer for measuring intravascular diameter and blood flow velocity.Methods A prototype of flexible ultrasonic array transducer composed of a surface mount flexible ultrasonic array transducer(referred to as the transducer)and acquisition system was designed and fabricated.Doppler body model and vascular simulation control system was used to simulate human blood.Mindray M7 color multi-functional ultrasound diagnostic instrument(abbreviated as M7)and the prototype were adopted to detect pulse wave excitation mode,spectral morphology,echo signal time interval,blood flow velocity,etc.Taken the results of M7 as standards,the effectiveness of the prototype was evaluated.Then the inner diameter and flow velocity of left common carotid artery,left brachial artery and left radial artery of 20 healthy controls(HC)were measured respectively using M7 and the prototype,and the consistency of measurement results were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of the prototype.The safety of the prototype was evaluated according to subjectively scoring the comfort level of HC applying the transducer and whether there was skin discomfort,injury,etc.after removing the transducer.Results The collected blood flow spectrum of the above vascular simulation control system acquire with the prototype were clear,and the spectral morphology,flow velocity,as well as echo signal time interval were basically consistent with those of M7.The consistency of the inner diameter of left common carotid artery,left brachial artery and left radial artery measured by the prototype and M7 in 20 HC were all very strong(ICC=0.919-0.992),while of flow velocities were moderate or very strong(ICC=0.524-0.831).The subjective score of comfort level of application of transducer was 3(2,3),and no skin discomfort occurred.Conclusion Flexible ultrasound array transducer technology could be used to measure intravascular diameter and blood flow velocity.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that massage can reduce blood sugar,promote myogenic factor expression,and increase skeletal muscle content.The extracellular matrix is an important component of skeletal muscle,and association between massage and extracellular matrix and their mechanism of action are still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of massage on extracellular matrix collagen deposition in type 2 diabetic sarcopenia rats.METHODS:Totally 24 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,and massage group.High-fat diet combined with the streptozotocin method was used to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia model.After successful model establishment,the massage group used abdominal massage combined with hind limbs.After 8 weeks of treatment,the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels of the rats were measured.The skeletal muscle mass was detected by dual-energy X-ray.The exhaustion time was measured by small animal treadmill.The sliding angle was measured by inclined board test.The pathological changes of skeletal muscle tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The skeletal muscle collagen deposition was observed by Masson staining.The mRNA and protein expressions of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in skeletal muscle were detected by qPCR and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the model group,the blood glucose(P＜0.05)and serum insulin(P＜0.01)decreased in the massage group.(2)Compared with the model group,the skeletal muscle mass,running exhaustion time,and the angle of inclined plate experiment were increased in massage group(P＜0.05).(3)Compared with the model group,the skeletal muscles of the massage group were arranged neatly,muscle atrophy was improved,and collagen fiber deposition was reduced.(4)Compared with the model group,the expression levels of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle were decreased in the massage group(P＜0.05).(5)The results suggest that massage can enhance insulin sensitivity,lower blood sugar,improve skeletal muscle mass,strength and function,and diminish collagen deposition in rats with type 2 diabetes,and may be a potential target for massage to exert its therapeutic effects.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of combined detection of p16 and Rb with high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infection in non-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (NOPSCC) of the head and neck.Methods:A total of 68 NOPSCC cases of the head and neck (23 cases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and 45 cases of larynx) with complete clinical and pathological data, diagnosed at the Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China from November 2013 to December 2023, were collected. The expression of p16 and Rb was detected using immunohistochemistry of the EnVision two-step method, while the HR-HPV mRNA expression was detected using in situ hybridization. The concordance, sensitivity, and specificity of p16 alone and the combined detection of p16 and Rb for detecting HR-HPV infection were analyzed.Results:Among the 68 patients with NOPSCC, 53 were male and 15 were female, with a median age of 63.5 (range, 57.3 to 66.8) years. 41 patients had a smoking history and 27 did not. 33 patients had an early T stage (T1/T2) and 35 had advanced T stage (T3/T4). 14 patients had lymph node metastasis and 2 had distant metastasis. Histological types included 62 cases of keratinized squamous cell carcinoma, 5 cases of non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 case of basal-like squamous cell carcinoma. 25 cases were positive for p16. Among the 25 cases, 16 cases were positive for Rb, and 6 cases were positive for HR-HPV mRNA. 43 cases were negative for p16, including 38 cases positive for Rb and no cases positive for HR-HPV mRNA. The concordance between p16 and HR-HPV mRNA expression was poor ( Kappa=0.285, P=0.001), with a sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 69.4%. In contrast, the combined detection of p16+/Rb- showed high concordance with HR-HPV mRNA expression ( Kappa=0.719, P<0.001), with a sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 95.2%. Conclusions:In NOPSCC of the head and neck, the combined detection of p16 and Rb may be used as a marker for assessing HR-HPV infection. Recognizing the p16+/Rb- expression pattern in NOPSCC can improve the specificity of HR-HPV detection.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of CGG repeat numbers in the FMR1 gene among reproductive-age women in China, providing data reference for carrier screening and genetic counseling of Fragile X syndrome. Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 16 610 reproductive-age women from 12 medical institutions between July 2022 and October 2023. Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene was determined using the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis technology. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence and distribution of CGG repeat expansions. Results:Among 16 610 women of childbearing age, 5 684 (34.220%) women had the same number of CGG repeats in the two alleles of FMR1 gene, and 10 926 (65.780%) women had different numbers of repeats in the two alleles. Among the 33 220 FMR1 alleles in 16 610 women of reproductive age, the most common CGG repeat numbers were 29 [48.645% (16 160/33 220)] and 30 [26.276% (8 729/33 220)], while the most frequent CGG genotype was CGG 29/29 [24.726% (4 107/16 610)]. The CGG repeat numbers of FMR1 gene were normal in 16 498 women (99.326%). Among the 112 women (0.674%) with CGG repeat abnormities, 96 (0.578%) women were classified as intermediate carriers, 15 (0.090%) as premutation carriers, and 1 (0.006%) as a full mutation carrier, whose CGG genotype was (36, >200). Conclusion:In the general reproductive-age female population in China, the normal CGG repeat numbers of the FMR1 gene account for 99.326%, while the intermediate carrier rate is 0.578%, and the combined carrier rate of the premutation and full mutation types is 0.096%.

Objective:To investigate the function and mechanism of exosome Linc00665 in modulating CD8+T cell immunoreactivity to promote radiotherapy resistance in OSCC.Methods:HOEC,SCC9 and SCC9-RR exosomes were extracted and identified,and the expression of Linc00665 was detected by qRT-PCR in cell lines and exosomes.The expression of TNF-α,IFN-γ,perforin and granzyme B in each treatment group was detected by ELISA(PBS,SCC9 exo,SCC9-RR exo).The killing ability of CD8+T cells against SCC9 cells in each treatment group was detected by CCK-8 assay.The targets of Linc00665 were further bioinformatically ana-lyzed and verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of Linc00665,miR-28-5p and PD-1 in CD8+T cells was exogenous-ly regulated,the expression of immunoreactive factors in the supernatants of each treatment group was detected by ELISA(NC,sh-Linc00665,miR-28-5p inhibitor,sh-PD-1),and the killing ability of cells in each group was detected by CCK-8 method.Results:The concentrations of TNF-α,IFN-γ,perforin and granzyme B in the supernatants of cell culture in the SCC9-RR exo/CD8+T group were significantly decreased compared with those in the PBS/CD8+T group and the SCC9 exo/CD8+T group(P＜0.05),and the kill-ing ability of the cells in the SCC9-RR exo group was significantly decreased compared with those in the PBS group and the SCC9 exo group(P＜0.05),suggesting that SCC9-RR exo could inhibit the tumor killing ability of CD8+T cells.qRT-PCR results suggested that Linc00665 was highly expressed in the SCC9-RR cell line as well as exosome(P＜0.05).It was further verified by bioinformat-ics analysis that Linc00665 could regulate PD-1 expression via miR-28-5p,thereby modulating CD8+T cell immunoreactivity to pro-mote OSCC radiotherapy resistance.Conclusion:Exosome Linc00665 regulates CD8+T cell immunoreactivity through miR-28-5p/PD-1 axis to promote OSCC radiotherapy resistance.

Patients with severe periodontal disease often involve multidisciplinary therapy.This paper reports a case of adult patients with severe periodontitis who was treated by orthodontics,restoration,and periodontics.The space between upper central incisors was closed,aesthetics and periodontal conditions were significantly improved.