BACKGROUND:Iron overload refers to excessive accumulation of iron in the body,which can cause pathological changes in various tissues.At present,the molecular mechanism and potential gene targets related to iron overload in osteoarthritis still need to be further studied and explored. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the key genes of iron overload in osteoarthritis by means of bioinformatics and verify them in animal experiments,so as to provide a new idea for preventing and treating osteoarthritis from the perspective of iron overload. METHODS:GEO database and GeneCards database were used to screen out genes associated with osteoarthritis and genes associated with iron overload.Then,the intersection of the two was taken to obtain a collection of genes commonly associated with osteoarthritis and iron overload.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to screen the functions and pathways of these genes.To further investigate the interactions between these genes,a protein-protein interaction network was constructed and five computational methods of Cytoscape software were utilized to identify the Hub genes for iron overload in osteoarthritis.Finally,12 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into osteoarthritis group and normal group,with 6 rats in each group.A knee osteoarthritis model was established by the modified Hulth method in the osteoarthritis group.The expression of Hub genes in the knee joint of rats in each group was detected by PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 51 genes associated with iron overload were identified in osteoarthritis.GO enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly involved in cytokine receptor binding,chemokine receptor binding,cytokine activity,growth factor receptor binding and oligosaccharide binding.(2)KEGG enrichment analysis showed that genes associated with iron overload in osteoarthritis was mainly involved in tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway.(3)The protein-protein interaction network was constructed,and five Hub genes of iron overload,intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1,tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11,myelocytomatosis oncogene,janus kinase 2,and interleukin 6,were obtained by further analysis.Animal experiments verified that there were significant differences in the expression of the above Hub genes in the rat knee joint between the control group and the experimental group(P<0.05).(4)All these findings show that intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1,tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11,myelocytomatosis oncogene,janus kinase 2,and interleukin 6 can be used as the Hub genes of iron overload in osteoarthritis,which are expected to become new targets for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.

Acute Gelsemium poisoning is a systemic disease primarily affecting the central nervous system and respiratory symptoms caused by the ingestion of a substantial amount of Gelsemium within a short period. It manifests as sudden onset and rapid progression, primarily caused by accidental ingestion due to misidentification, and posing significant health risks. The compilation of the Technical Plan for Emergency Health Response to Acute Gelsemium Poisoning describes in detail the specialized practice and technical requirements in the process of handling acute Gelsemium poisoning, including accident investigation and management, laboratory testing and identification, in-hospital treatment, and health monitoring. The guidelines clarify key procedures and requirements such as personal protection, investigation elements, etiology determination, medical rescue, and health education. The key to acute Gelsemium poisoning investigation lies in promptly identifying the toxin through exposure history, clinical manifestations, and sample testing. Because there is no specific antidote for Gelsemium poisoning, immediate removal from exposure, rapid elimination of the toxin, and respiratory monitoring are critical on-site rescue measures. Visual identification of food or herbal materials, followed by laboratory testing to determine Gelsemium alkaloids in samples is a rapid effective screening method. These guidelines offer a scientific, objective, and practical framework to support effective emergency responses to acute Gelsemium poisoning incidences.

Deep brain stimulation （DBS） has been widely applied in treating neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease， with corresponding evidence of safety and efficacy. However， when DBS is experimentally applied in the field of mental disorders， the uncertainty of its therapeutic mechanisms and targets becomes prominent， and there are peculiarities such as the lack of substantive informed consent， partial deprivation of autonomy， and the impact on the homogeneity of personality for research participants or patients. In response to the above situations， the current normative documents are still insufficient， the ethical review re-examination procedure has not yet formed a perfect system， the substantive informed consent of research participants or patients has not yet been clearly guaranteed， as well as the technical scope and regulatory boundaries are not clear. For the new application of DBS in the field of mental disorders， the principle of prudent supervision should be upheld， and appropriate regulation should be carried out to prevent the dilemma of “Collingridge”. Specifically， the ethical review system should be innovated and refined， whole-process informed consent of research participants or patients and guardian assistance in decision-making should be ensured， the legal nature of “experimental treatment” should be clarified， as well as the relevant provisions in the Mental Health Law of the People’s Republic of China should be improved， with a view to providing legal theoretical support and practical operational guidelines for the legalization and standardization of DBS’s application in mental disorder research.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of injury surveillance cases among the elderly in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for formulating targeted injury intervention measures. Methods: Injury surveillance cases aged ≥60 years were collected from seven injury sentinel hospitals in Ningbo City through the Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System from 2014 to 2023. Population distribution, temporal distribution, injury circumstances, and clinical characteristics were described. Results: A total of 67 259 injury surveillance cases among the elderly were reported in Ningbo City from 2014 to 2023, including 32 159 males (47.81%) and 35 100 females (52.19%). The median age was 68.00 (interquartile range, 14.00) years. The three months with a higher number of cases were December (6 271 cases, 9.32%), August (6 226 cases, 9.26%) and October (6 221 cases, 9.25%). The primary causes of injury were falls (25 276 cases, 37.58%), stabs (12 250 cases, 18.21%), and sprains (11 815 cases, 17.57%). The injury occurred mainly in homes (44 975 cases, 66.87%) and streets/urban areas (16 174 cases, 24.05%). The predominant activities at the time of injury were leisure activities (28 801 cases, 42.82%) and household chores (23 647 cases, 35.16%). The proportions of falls as the cause of injury and injuries occurring at home among females and people aged 80 years and above were relatively high. The predominant sites of injury were upper limbs (23 354 cases, 34.72%) and lower limbs (20 343 cases, 30.25%). The predominant nature of injury were soft tissue injuries (43 345 cases, 64.44%) and bone and joint injuries (22 042 cases, 32.77%). Injuries were primarily mild and moderate in severity, with 46 391 cases (68.97%) and 20 205 cases (30.04%), respectively. The proportion of bone and joint injuries, moderate in injuries among females and people aged 80 years and above was relatively high. Conclusions The main causes of injury surveillance cases among the elderly in Ningbo City from 2014 to 2023 were falls and stabs, and the injuries occurred mainly in homes and streets/urban areas. Female and elderly people have a higher risk of injury.

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a recently defined subtype of non-recirculating memory T cells with longevity and protective functions in peripheral tissues. As an essential frontline defense against infections, TRM cells have been reported to robustly patrol the tissue microenvironment in malignancies. Accumulating evidence also implicates that TRM cells in the relapse of chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and vitiligo. In light of these developments, this review aims to synthesize these recent findings to enhance our understanding of TRM cell characteristics and actions. Therefore, after providing a brief overview of the general features of the TRM cells, including precursors, homing, retention, and maintenance, we discuss recent insights gained into their heterogeneous functions in skin diseases. Specifically, we explore their involvement in conditions such as psoriasis, vitiligo, fixed drug eruption - dermatological manifestations of drug reactions at the same spot, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and melanoma. By integrating these diverse perspectives, this review develops a comprehensive model of TRM cell behavior in various skin-related pathologies. In conclusion, our review emphasizes that deciphering the characteristics and mechanisms of TRM cell actions holds potential not only for discovering methods to slow cancer growth but also for reducing the frequency of recurrent chronic inflammation in skin tissue.
Humans ; Skin Diseases/immunology* ; Memory T Cells/immunology* ; Animals ; Vitiligo/immunology* ; Psoriasis/immunology* ; Immunologic Memory

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of cone-beam CT (CBCT) images for radiotherapy dose calculation in pelvic tumors. METHODS: An improved volumetric density coverage method was used to establish CT value-relative electron density (RED) curves for CBCT images. The planning CT plans were transferred to the CBCT images, and the constructed density curves were applied to calculate doses for CBCT plans while maintaining the optimization parameters unchanged. Dose calculation deviations between the two plans were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean differences in dosimetric parameters for the target volume and organs at risk (OAR) between the two plans were less than 1% and 1.5%, respectively. The target conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and gamma passing rates were highly consistent, with no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION CBCT images corrected by this method can be used for dose calculation in pelvic tumor radiotherapy planning.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods* ; Humans ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging*

Objective:To study the changing trend of brucellosis epidemic in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2022, and to provide reference for formulating brucellosis prevention and control policies.Methods:Through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the epidemic data of human brucellosis with the onset time from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2022 and the current address in Taiyuan City were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional, and population distribution characteristics of brucellosis.Results:From 2004 to 2022, a total of 1 834 cases of brucellosis were reported in Taiyuan City, with an average annual incidence rate of 2.25/100 000. The incidence rate of brucellosis in each year showed a fluctuating upward trend (χ 2trend = 428.04, P < 0.001). The onset time was mainly concentrated from February to August, accounting for 76.94% (1 411/1 834) of the total cases, with May being the peak month (283 cases). The incidence rate of brucellosis in all counties (cities and districts) ranged from 0 to 38.37/100 000, with the highest incidence rate in Loufan County in 2021. There were 1 470 males and 364 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.04 ∶ 1.00. The age range was 1 to 95 years old, among which the 1 - 29 age group accounted for 14.29% (262/1 834), the 30 - 39 age group accounted for 13.14% (241/1 834), the 40 - 49 age group accounted for 21.05% (386/1 834), the 50 - 59 age group accounted for 27.54% (505/1 834), and the 60 - 95 age group accounted for 23.99% (440/1 834). The main occupation was farmers and herdsmen, accounting for 67.23% (1 233/1 834). Conclusion:From 2004 to 2022, the epidemic of brucellosis in Taiyuan City shows a fluctuating upward trend, with males, middle-aged and elderly people, and farmers and herdsmen as the main affected population.

Objective To establish a human tonsil organoid model and investigate the immunological effects of this tonsil organoid infected by influenza virus.Methods Human tonsil tissue removed by adenoid hypertrophy surgery were subjected to gradient centrifugation,and then the obtain cells were cultured in vitro with using a 2.5D-Transwell chamber in combination with IL-2 and B cell activating factor(Baff)to construct a human tonsil organoid.Single cell transcriptome sequencing(scRNA-seq)was used to analyze the distribution of influenza virus receptors in different cell subsets of the tonsil organoid.Immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry were applied to detect the immunological effects of the tonsil organoid in 48 h after influenza virus infection.Results The tonsil organoids were established successfully using this 2.5D-Transwell culture technique.scRNA-seq analysis showed that the receptors for influenza virus were extensively distributed in nearly all of cell subsets of tonsil organoids.In 48 h after influenza virus infection,the tonsil organoids could generate a large amount of plasma cells and memory B cells to produce specific IgG antibodies.In addition,direct infection of the virus promoted the production of TNF-α and IL-2 from CD8+T cells and the secretion of TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL-2 by CD4+T cells.Conclusion The tonsil organoids can be established successfully and reach maturity at about the 6th day after culture.The receptors for influenza virus are widely distributed in human tonsil organoids.Influenza virus directly infects human T cells,leading to T cell activation and cytokine releasing.Moreover,influenza virus infection also promotes B cells differentiate into plasma cells and induce the secretion of IgG as well as the formation of memory B cells.

Objective To observe the improved effect of propofol on vascular hyporeactivity in septic rats and its underlying mechanism.Methods A total of 96 SD rats(12 weeks old,both genders,weighing 200～220 g)were randomly divided into sham group(n=16),sepsis group(n=16,cecal ligation and puncture),propofol group(n=16),propofol+ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 group(n=16),propofol+PKCαinhibitor GO6976 group(n=16),propofol+IP3 inhibitor 2-APB group(n=8)and propofol+gap junction inhibitor metoclopramide sodium(Movens)group(n=8).In vitro vascular ring reactivity and vascular calcium sensitivity were measured to observe the improved effects of propofol on vascular hyporeactivity in septic rats and its relationships with RhoA/ROCK,PKCα,IP3 and cell gap junction.Results Determination of in vitro vascular ring and calcium sensitivity showed that the contractile reactivity to norepinephrine(NE)and to calcium sensitivity were significantly decreased in the arterial rings isolated from the septic rats compared with those from the sham group,with the dose-response curve shifting to the right,and most significant decrease by 51.42％in the superior mesenteric artery(SMA,P＜0.05).Propofol treatment significantly improved the hyporeactivity and calcium sensitivity of the vessels isolated from the septic rats,especially those of the femoral artery with a recovery rate of 89.57％(P＜0.05).In comparison with the propofol group,the dose-response curves of the propofol+Y-27632 group and the propofol+GO6976 group were shifting to right,indicating that Y-27632 and GO6976 could significantly inhibit the amelioration of propofol on calcium sensitivity of SMA in severely septic rats with an inhibitory rate of 146.95％and 88.63％(P＜0.05),respectively.Isolated vascular reactivity measurement demonstrated that Y-27632 and Movens treatment significantly antagonized the ameliorated role of propofol on hyporeactivity of blood vessels from the septic rats with an inhibitory rate of 40.79％and 169.90％(P＜0.05),separately,while no such effect was observed in the propofol+GO6976 and propofol+2-APB groups.Conclusion Propofol treatment can significantly improve vascular hyporeactivity of septic rats,which may attribute to the increase of vascular calcium sensitivity through RhoA/ROCK pathway.

Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing response characterized by the agglutination of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is known for treating gynecological diseases and liver fibrosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) was markedly upregulated in fibrotic livers while its deficiency markedly reversed fibrogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which SWT influences H19 remain unclear. Thus, we established a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis model to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of SWT on various cells in the liver. Our results showed that SWT markedly improved ECM deposition and bile duct reactions in the liver. Notably, SWT relieved liver fibrosis by regulating the transcription of genes involved in the cytoskeleton remodeling, primarily in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and influencing cytoskeleton-related angiogenesis and hepatocellular injury. This modulation collectively led to reduced ECM deposition. Through extensive bioinformatics analyses, we determined that H19 acted as a miRNA sponge and mainly inhibited miR-200, miR-211, and let7b, thereby regulating the above cellular regulatory pathways. Meanwhile, SWT reversed H19-related miRNAs and signaling pathways, diminishing ECM deposition and liver fibrosis. However, these protective effects of SWT were diminished with the overexpression of H19 in vivo. In conclusion, our study elucidates the underlying mechanisms of SWT from the perspective of H19-related signal networks and proposes a potential SWT-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Liver Cirrhosis/genetics* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal