BACKGROUND:Steroid-induced femoral head necrosis is mostly caused by long-term and extensive use of hormones,but its specific pathogenesis is not yet clear and needs further study. OBJECTIVE:To screen out the differential miRNAs in osteoclast exosomes after the intervention of Panax notoginseng saponins,and on this basis,to further construct an osteogenic-related ferroptosis regulatory network to explore the potential mechanism and research direction of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:MTT assay was used to detect the toxic effects of different concentrations of dexamethasone and different mass concentrations of Panax notoginseng saponins on Raw264.7 cell line.Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining and TUNEL assay were used to detect the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on osteoclast inhibition and apoptosis.Exosomes were extracted from cultured osteoclasts with Panax notoginseng saponins intervention.Exosomes from different groups were sequenced to identify differentially expressed miRNAs.CytoScape 3.9.1 was used to construct and visualize the regulatory network between differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs.Candidate mRNAs were screened by GO analysis and KEGG analysis.Finally,the differential genes related to ferroptosis were screened out,and the regulatory network of ferroptosis-related genes was constructed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The concentration of dexamethasone(0.1 μmol/L)and Panax notoginseng saponins(1 736.85 μg/mL)suitable for intervention of Raw264.7 cells was determined by MTT assay.(2)Panax notoginseng saponins had an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts and could promote their apoptosis.(3)Totally 20 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified from osteoclast-derived exosome samples,and 11 differentially expressed miRNAs related to osteogenesis were predicted by target mRNAs.The regulatory networks of 4 up-regulated differentially expressed miRNAs corresponding to 155 down-regulated candidate mRNAs and 7 down-regulated differentially expressed miRNAs corresponding to 238 up-regulated candidate mRNAs were constructed.(4)Twenty-four genes related to ferroptosis were screened out from the differential genes.Finally,12 networks were constructed(miR-98-5p/PTGS2,miR-23b-3p/PTGS2,miR-425-5p/TFRC,miR-133a-3p/TFRC,miR-185-5p/TFRC,miR-23b-3p/NFE2L2,miR-23b-3p/LAMP2,miR-98-5p/LAMP2,miR-182-5p/LAMP2,miR-182-5p/TLR4,miR-23b-3p/ZFP36,and miR-182-5p/ZFP36).These results indicate that Panax notoginseng saponins may regulate osteoblast ferroptosis by regulating the expression of miRNAs derived from osteoclast exosomes,thus providing a new idea for the study of the mechanism of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease(MOGAD).Methods The clinical symptoms,MRI features,results of laboratory tests and clinical prognosis of 14 MOGAD patients who were hospitalized in our hospital from June 2016 to June 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Their clinical and imaging characteristics were summarized and discussed.Results Among the 14 enrolled patients,there were 10 males and 4 females,with a male to female ratio of 2.5∶1.Their age of first onset was＜18 years in 3 cases,18～45 years in 8 cases,and＞45 years in 3 cases.Optic neuritis(10/14,71.43％)was the most common clinical type,followed by encephalitis or meningoencephalitis(9/14,64.29％),brainstem encephalitis(5/14,35.71％)and myelitis(5/14,35.71％).Visual impairment(10/14,71.43％)was the most common clinical symptom,followed by headache in 8 cases(8/14,57.14％),fever in 6 cases(6/14,42.86％),dizziness in 6 cases(6/14,42.86％),parethesia in 5 cases(5/14,35.71％),and seizures,limb paralysis,sphincter dysfunction,ataxia,and vomit were all in 4 cases(4/14,28.57％).Four patients(4/14,28.57％)had a history of upper respiratory tract infection before MOGAD onset.There were 10 patients undergoing cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)test,and 8 of them had abnormal results,including 2 patients(2/10,20％)of increased pressure,8 patients(8/10,80％)of larger WBC count in CSF,and 5 patients(5/10,50％)of elevated total protein in CSF.MRI displayed multiple lesion involvement,and there were 7 cases(7/14,50.00％)in cortical/subcortical white matter,6 cases in brainstem(6/14,42.86％),5 cases in optic nerve(5/14,35.71％),4 cases in spinal cord(4/14,28.57％).The hippocampus,thalamus,basal ganglia,and paraventricular white matter were involved in 3 cases(3/14,21.43％),respectively,and the cerebellum and corpus callosum were in 2 cases(2/14,14.29％),respectively.MRI lesions demonstrated patchy hyperintensity on T2 WI and T2 FLAIR,with patchy,nodular and linear enhancement.Among the 10 patients undergoing visual evoked potential(VEP)test,abnormalities were detected in 9 cases(9/10,90％),and 8(8/10,80％)had bilateral visual pathway abnormalities.Eight patients(8/14,57.14％)experienced relapse and remission course.Both methylprednisolone pulse therapy and immunoglobulin modulation therapy were effective in the acute phase.Five patients with relapsed remission presented a significant reduction in recurrence after immunosuppressants.Conclusion MOGAD is manifested with various clinical features,with vision loss,headache,fever and dizziness more common.MRI lesions of MOGAD involve cerebral cortex,subcortical white matter,brainstem,and optic nerve,etc.Patchy hyperintesive signals are observed on T2WI and T2 FLAIR,and some lesions can be enhanced.Corticosteroid pulse therapy and immunoglobulin therapy show effective treatment in the acute phase,and immunosuppressants in the remission phase can reduce relapse.

Objective To explore the risk factors of depression and anxiety in adult patients with epilepsy and their relationship with quality of life.Methods From May 2022 to January 2023,patients diagnosed with epilepsy(aged≥18 years)in the department of neurology of our hospital were collected.General demographic data and disease-related information were recorded.Quality of life,depression and anxiety scales were measured in all patients.SPSS26.0 software was used for multiple linear regression analysis,multiple ordered Logistic regression analysis,rank sum test,Pearson correlation analysis,etc.Results Among the 111 patients,49.5%had depression and 43.2%had anxiety.Depression score and anxiety score were correlated with attack type,attack frequency,quality of life and right temporal lobe,and there was a significant negative correlation between life quality score and anxiety and depression score(P<0.01).Seizure frequency,seizure type and right temporal lobe were common risk factors for depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy(P<0.05).Conclusion Epileptic depression and anxiety were affected by seizure frequency and seizure type,and this bad mood further affected the quality of life of patients.No clear link has been found between the lateralization of seizures and the presence of depression and anxiety states,and further research is needed.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the implementation effect of tuberculosis prevention and control program in Wuhan, and to provide reference for scientific formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control measures. Methods Using the National Tuberculosis Information Management System, descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the medical record information of pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in Wuhan , 2016 - 2021. Results A total of 34 937 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were registered in Wuhan , with an average annual incidence rate of 49.85/100 000. The incidence rate showed a downward trend year by year, with a statistically significant difference in 2016—2021 (χ²_trend = 708.387, P<0.001). The patients mainly came from referrals, accounting for 71.86%, and the proportion of referrals varied significantly among different years (χ²=355.541, P<0.001). The diagnosis type was mainly pathogenic negative, accounting for 49.12%. The proportion of pathogenic negative had statistically significant difference among different years (χ²=1 354.830, P<0.001). The proportion of patients cured and completed the course of treatment reached 93.98%, with statistically significant differences in the proportions among different years (cured, χ²=1 080.252, P<0.001; completed the treatment course, χ²= 933.655, P<0.001). The sputum examination rate of newly diagnosed patients in each year reached over 90%, and the overall completion rate reached over 95%. The proportion of positive pathogens showed an increasing trend year by year. Conclusion The overall epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Wuhan is declining year by year, and tuberculosis prevention and control work has achieved remarkable results. Active screening in key areas and populations should be strengthened, and prevention and control strategies should be formulated by emphasizing the key and difficult points.

By gene sequencing methods, such as targeted sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), about 1,000 epilepsy-related genes have been identified recently; and ion channel related genes are the most common genes being studied; about 25% single-gene inherited epilepsy is associated with ion channel gene variants. This article reviews the value of ion channel genes in epilepsy treatment so as to improve the understanding of epilepsy related ion channel genes and further optimize the treatment strategy of epilepsy.

Objective To analyze the diagnosis status of negative etiological pulmonary tuberculosis test re-sults in Wuhan,and to provide scientific basis for improving the diagnosis strategy of etiological negative pul-monary tuberculosis.Methods From January 1 to February 28,2019,a total of 241 patients with negative eti-ological tuberculosis who were registered,reported and treated in 1 municipal and 2 district-level designated hospitals were selected.The medical record data,chest imaging examination and laboratory examination re-sults of the selected patients were reviewed and extracted,and the quality of etiological examination and ima-ging examination of patients with negative etiological pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed.Results Among the 241 patients,88.8％(214/241)of the patients met the diagnostic criteria for negative etiological pulmona-ry tuberculosis,and 96.3％(232/241)of the patients had chest imaging examinations that were consistent with the original diagnostic results.Patients received sputum smear examination,sputum culture,and molecu-lar biology test accounted for 97.9％(236/241),73.9％(178/241)and 65.6％(158/241),respectively.Patients received anti-tuberculosis antibody test,tuberculin skin test,y-interferon release and diagnostic anti-infection treatment accounted for 54.8％(132/241),46.5％(112/241),26.1％(63/241),and 53.1％(128/241),respec-tively.The sputum culture detection rate of urban area was higher than those of central and remote urban are-as,the rate of central urban area was higher than that of remote urban areas,and the molecular biology detec-tion rate of urban area was higher than those of central and remote urban area,with statistical significance(P＜0.001).The detection rate of anti-tuberculosis antibody of urban area was lower than that of central ur-ban area,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The rate of diagnostic anti-infective therapy of central urban area was higher than that of urban area and the remote urban area,and the rate in ur-ban area was higher than that of remote urban area,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion It is necessary to further standardize the diagnosis of negative etiological pulmonany tu-berculosis of designated tuberculosis hospitals.The proportion of diagnostic anti-infection treatment and auxil-iary examination at the municipal level needs to be increased,and the frequency and items of laboratory etio-logical examination at the district level need to be increased.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of modified Shuyuwan （SYW） on hippocampal myelin sheath injury in vascular dementia （VD） model rats. MethodSixty male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， and high-， medium- and low-dose modified SYW groups， with 12 rats in each group. The VD model was induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation in rats of the groups except for those of the sham operation group. After modeling， rats were screened by the water maze test， followed by drug treatment by gavage. Specifically， rats in the modified SYW groups were treated with modified SYW at 10， 5， 2.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1， accordingly， and those in other groups were administered with the same amount of normal saline. After intragastric administration for 28 days， the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by the water maze test. The hippocampal neuron structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The content of hippocampal tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and glutamate （Glu） was observed by biochemical detection. The hippocampal expression of myelin basic protein （MBP）， astrocyte activation marker glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， and connexin 43 （Cx43） was detected by immunofluorescence detection. The myelin sheath structure in the hippocampus was observed by the electron microscope. The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor （AMPAR） and Cx43 protein expression was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed prolonged escape latency （P<0.01）， decreased times of crossing the original platform and percentage of target quadrant detention time （P<0.01）， disordered neuron structure in the hippocampal CA1 region， loose myelin sheath lamella with blurry edge， up-regulated expression levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and Glu in the hippocampal CA1 region， especially Glu （P<0.01）， reduced expression of AMPAR （P<0.01）， increased protein expression of p-AMPAR and Cx43 （P<0.01）， significantly dwindled protein expression of MBP in the myelin sheath， and enhanced fluorescence co-labeled by GFAP and Cx43. Compared with the model group， the modified SYW groups showed shortened escape latency （P<0.05）， increased times of crossing the original platform and percentage of target quadrant detention time （P<0.05）， closely arranged hippocampal neuron structure， denser myelin sheath lamella with clear edge， down-regulated expression levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and Glu in the hippocampal CA1 region， especially Glu （P<0.01）， up-regulated AMPAR （P<0.01）， reduced protein expression of p-AMPAR and Cx43， especially in the high-dose group （P<0.01）， significantly elevated protein expression of MBP in the myelin sheath， and weakened fluorescence co-labeled by GFAP and Cx43， especially in the high-dose group. ConclusionModified SYW can improve the learning and memory abilities of VD rats， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Cx43 expression， reduction of the release of Glu， inhibition of AMPAR-mediated inflammatory response to reduce the production of astrocyte marker GFAP， and promotion of the expression of MBP protein to alleviate myelin injury.

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cellular-mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (c-Met) are widely expressed on cancer cells. There is a synergistic effect of EGFR and HGF/c-Met pathways on proliferation, downstream activation of signal transduction and an additive effect. Studies show that combination of both signaling pathways could potentially be targeted in a synergistic fashion. Amivantamab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR and c-Met, yielded robust and durable responses in a variety of clinicals trials. However, few researches have reported its efficacy in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of Amivantamab in NSCLC patients with EGFR/MET gene abnormalities at Peking University Cancer Hospital. METHODS: The study enrolled NSCLC patients who received Amivantamab in our hospital between August 2020 and December 2021, and analyzed the response, survival, and treatment-related adverse events. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were enrolled in this research, and six of them received Amivantamab treatment and the other nine patients received Amivantamab plus Lazertinib treatment. The rates of partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) were 46.7% (7/15), 46.7% (7/15) and 6.7% (1/15), respectively. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 28.6% (2/7) and 100.0% (7/7) in seven patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion, respectively. The ORR and DCR were 40.0% (2/5) and 100.0% (5/5) in five post-osimertinib EGFR-mutant patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 8.7 months, the median progression-free survival and overall survival were not reached. The most common treatment-related adverse events were rash (86.7%), paronychia (80.0%), and infusion-related reactions (60.0%), and most of them were graded as 1 to 2. Grade 3 to 4 adverse events included rash (33.3%), alanine aminotransferase elevation (13.3%), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase elevation (13.3%), peripheral edema (6.7%), thromboembolism (6.7%), interstitial lung disease (6.7%), and thrombocytopenia (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS Amivantamab was effective in Chinese NSCLC patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion and post-Osimertinib EGFR-mutant patients, similar to the results of clinical trials conducted in western countries. Amivantamab was well tolerated and emphases should be put on adverse events such as rash, paronychia, and infusion-related reactions.
Antibodies, Bispecific ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Exanthema/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation ; Paronychia/drug therapy* ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use*

Objective:To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of primary liver cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 10 966 surgically managed cases with primary liver cancer, from January 1986 to December 2019 at Hepatobiliary Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate and postoperative recurrence rate. Log‐rank test was used to compare the survival process of different groups, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. In addition, 2 884 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with more detailed follow‐up data from 2009 to 2019 were selected for survival analysis. Among 2 549 patients treated with hepatectomy, there were 2 107 males and 442 females, with an age of (56.6±11.1) years (range: 20 to 86 years). Among 335 patients treated with liver transplantation, there were 292 males and 43 females, with an age of (51.0±9.7) years (range: 21 to 73 years). The outcomes of hepatectomy versus liver transplantation, anatomic versus non-anatomic hepatectomy were compared, respectively.Results:Of the 10 966 patients with primary liver cancer, 10 331 patients underwent hepatectomy and 635 patients underwent liver transplantation. Patients with liver resection were categorized into three groups: 1986－1995(712 cases), 1996－2008(3 988 cases), 2009?2019(5 631 cases). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 32.9% in the first group(1986－1995). The 5‐year overall survival rate of resected primary liver cancer was 51.7% in the third group(2009‐2019), among which the 5‐year overal survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and mixed liver cancer were 57.4%, 26.6% and 50.6%, respectively. Further analysis was performed on 2 549 HCC patients with primary hepatectomy. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates were 88.1%, 71.9%, 60.0%, and 41.0%, respectively, and the perioperative mortality rate was 1.0%. Two hundred and forty‐seven HCC patients underwent primary liver transplantation, with 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates of 84.0%, 64.8%, 61.9%, and 57.6%, respectively. Eighty‐eight HCC patients underwent salvage liver transplantation, with the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates of 86.8%, 65.2%, 52.5%, and 52.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the two groups with liver transplantation ( P>0.05). Comparing the overall survival rates and recurrence rates of primary hepatectomy (2 549 cases) with primary liver transplantation (247 cases), the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates in patients within Milan criteria treated with hepatectomy and transplantation were 96.3%, 87.1%, 76.9%, 54.7%, and 95.4%, 79.4%, 77.4%, 71.7%, respectively ( P=0.754). The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐year recurrence rates were 16.3%, 35.9%, 47.6% and 8.1%, 11.7%, 13.9%, respectively( P<0.01). The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 10‐year overall survival rates in patients with no large vessels invasion beyond the Milan criteria treated with liver resection and transplantation were 87.2%, 65.9%, 53.0%, 33.0% and 87.6%, 71.8%, 71.8%, 69.3%, respectively( P=0.003); the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐year recurrence rate were 39.2%, 57.8%, 69.7% and 29.7%, 36.7%, 36.7%, respectively ( P<0.01). The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates in patients with large vessels invasion treated with liver resection and transplantation were 62.1%, 36.1%, 22.2%, 15.0% and 62.9%, 31.8%,19.9%, 0, respectively ( P=0.387); the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐year recurrence rates were 61.5%, 74.7%, 80.8% and 59.7%, 82.9%, 87.2%, respectively( P=0.909). Independent prognostic factors for both overall survival and recurrence‐free survival rates of HCC patients treated with liver resection included gender, neoadjuvant therapy, symptoms, AST, intraoperative or postoperative blood transfusion, tumor number, tumor size, cirrhosis, macrovascular invasion, microvascular invasion, and pathological differentiation. Propensity score matching analysis of 443 pairs further showed that there was no significant difference in overall survival rate between anatomical liver resection and non‐anatomical liver resection( P=0.895), but the recurrence rate of non‐anatomical liver resection was higher than that of anatomical liver resection( P=0.035). Conclusions:In the past decade, the overall survival rate of HCC undergoing surgical treatment is significantly higher than before. For HCC patients with good liver function reservation, surgical resection can be performed first, and salvage liver transplantation can be performed after recurrence. The effect of salvage liver transplantation is comparable to that of primary liver transplantation. As for the choice of liver resection approaches, non‐anatomical resection can reserve more liver tissue and can be selected as long as the negative margin is guaranteed.

Objective:To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of primary liver cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 10 966 surgically managed cases with primary liver cancer, from January 1986 to December 2019 at Hepatobiliary Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate and postoperative recurrence rate. Log‐rank test was used to compare the survival process of different groups, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. In addition, 2 884 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with more detailed follow‐up data from 2009 to 2019 were selected for survival analysis. Among 2 549 patients treated with hepatectomy, there were 2 107 males and 442 females, with an age of (56.6±11.1) years (range: 20 to 86 years). Among 335 patients treated with liver transplantation, there were 292 males and 43 females, with an age of (51.0±9.7) years (range: 21 to 73 years). The outcomes of hepatectomy versus liver transplantation, anatomic versus non-anatomic hepatectomy were compared, respectively.Results:Of the 10 966 patients with primary liver cancer, 10 331 patients underwent hepatectomy and 635 patients underwent liver transplantation. Patients with liver resection were categorized into three groups: 1986－1995(712 cases), 1996－2008(3 988 cases), 2009?2019(5 631 cases). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 32.9% in the first group(1986－1995). The 5‐year overall survival rate of resected primary liver cancer was 51.7% in the third group(2009‐2019), among which the 5‐year overal survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and mixed liver cancer were 57.4%, 26.6% and 50.6%, respectively. Further analysis was performed on 2 549 HCC patients with primary hepatectomy. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates were 88.1%, 71.9%, 60.0%, and 41.0%, respectively, and the perioperative mortality rate was 1.0%. Two hundred and forty‐seven HCC patients underwent primary liver transplantation, with 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates of 84.0%, 64.8%, 61.9%, and 57.6%, respectively. Eighty‐eight HCC patients underwent salvage liver transplantation, with the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates of 86.8%, 65.2%, 52.5%, and 52.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the two groups with liver transplantation ( P>0.05). Comparing the overall survival rates and recurrence rates of primary hepatectomy (2 549 cases) with primary liver transplantation (247 cases), the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates in patients within Milan criteria treated with hepatectomy and transplantation were 96.3%, 87.1%, 76.9%, 54.7%, and 95.4%, 79.4%, 77.4%, 71.7%, respectively ( P=0.754). The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐year recurrence rates were 16.3%, 35.9%, 47.6% and 8.1%, 11.7%, 13.9%, respectively( P<0.01). The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 10‐year overall survival rates in patients with no large vessels invasion beyond the Milan criteria treated with liver resection and transplantation were 87.2%, 65.9%, 53.0%, 33.0% and 87.6%, 71.8%, 71.8%, 69.3%, respectively( P=0.003); the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐year recurrence rate were 39.2%, 57.8%, 69.7% and 29.7%, 36.7%, 36.7%, respectively ( P<0.01). The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival rates in patients with large vessels invasion treated with liver resection and transplantation were 62.1%, 36.1%, 22.2%, 15.0% and 62.9%, 31.8%,19.9%, 0, respectively ( P=0.387); the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐year recurrence rates were 61.5%, 74.7%, 80.8% and 59.7%, 82.9%, 87.2%, respectively( P=0.909). Independent prognostic factors for both overall survival and recurrence‐free survival rates of HCC patients treated with liver resection included gender, neoadjuvant therapy, symptoms, AST, intraoperative or postoperative blood transfusion, tumor number, tumor size, cirrhosis, macrovascular invasion, microvascular invasion, and pathological differentiation. Propensity score matching analysis of 443 pairs further showed that there was no significant difference in overall survival rate between anatomical liver resection and non‐anatomical liver resection( P=0.895), but the recurrence rate of non‐anatomical liver resection was higher than that of anatomical liver resection( P=0.035). Conclusions:In the past decade, the overall survival rate of HCC undergoing surgical treatment is significantly higher than before. For HCC patients with good liver function reservation, surgical resection can be performed first, and salvage liver transplantation can be performed after recurrence. The effect of salvage liver transplantation is comparable to that of primary liver transplantation. As for the choice of liver resection approaches, non‐anatomical resection can reserve more liver tissue and can be selected as long as the negative margin is guaranteed.