Objective:To construct an infectious clone of a Chinese HIV-1 CRF01_AE epidemic strain with strong replication capacity，and comprehensively identify its viral phenotype and replication capacity.Methods:Using the CRF01_AE clinical isolate GX2005002，which was previously isolated from whole blood of an HIV-1-infected individual in China by our laboratory，as the parental strain，the full-length genome of the virus（9.7 kb）was divided into 5' half fragment（5.1 kb）and 3' half fragment（4.6 kb）for amplification. The proviral DNA was used as a template to amplify the virus genome，which was then ligated into the eukaryotic expression vector pEASY-T1. The consistency of its sequence with the parental strain sequence was identified through full-length genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The replication capacity，syncytium inducibility，and cell tropism were experimentally identified to determine its phenotypic consistency with the parental strain.Results:An infectious clone of the CRF01_AE strain was successfully constructed，and its genome sequence exhibited high consistency with the sequence of the parental strain. By transfecting target cells，a derivative virus with infectious activity and replication capability was successfully rescued. The derived virus maintained phenotypic characteristics consistent with the parental strain，such as cell tropism and syncytium inducibility.Conclusion:This study successfully constructed an infectious clone of a Chinese HIV-1 CRF01_AE epidemic strain with clear background and distinct phenotype. The genomic sequence and viral phenotypic characteristics of the derived virus are basically consistent with the parental strain，providing strong representation of the original isolate and serving as a powerful tool for research on the correlation between the genetic characteristics，viral phenotype，and pathogenicity of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains.

To investigate the clinical value of cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) technology in the assessment of the right ventricle function in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs)-related myocarditis.

A 66-year-old female patient with lung adenocarcinoma was treated with crizotinib [the first-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors] 250 mg twice daily. Prior to treatment, the patient's liver and kidney functions were normal. One month after treatment, her serum creatinine (Scr) was 85 μmol/L, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 115 U/L. After discontinuing crizotinib for 10 days, both Scr and ALT returned to normal. One month later, the patient underwent a right lower lobectomy. Crizotinib was restarted postoperatively, and she developed symptoms of lower limb edema and poor appetite. After more than 3 months of treatment, her Scr increased to 129 μmol/L, ALT was 96 U/L, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 83 U/L. Crizotinib was then switched to alectinib (the second-generation ALK inhibitors) 600 mg orally twice daily, and the patient's gastrointestinal symptoms and liver function were rapidly improved. However, her Scr continued to increase gradually (140-150 μmol/L). Renal biopsy pathology indicated IgA nephropathy and acute tubular injury. After 4 months of alectinib treatment, Scr was 174 μmol/L, and the drug was promptly discontinued. One month after discontinuation, Scr decreased to 125 μmol/L. Due to tumor progression, the patient restarted alectinib at a reduced dose (300 mg twice daily). Three months later, Scr increased to 177 μmol/L. Subsequently, alectinib was replaced with lorlatinib (the third-generation ALK inhibitors) 100 mg once daily due to tumor progression. After 6 months of treatment, the tumor condition was controlled, and Scr decreased to 124 μmol/L.

A 66-year-old female patient with lung adenocarcinoma was treated with crizotinib [the first-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors] 250 mg twice daily. Prior to treatment, the patient's liver and kidney functions were normal. One month after treatment, her serum creatinine (Scr) was 85 μmol/L, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 115 U/L. After discontinuing crizotinib for 10 days, both Scr and ALT returned to normal. One month later, the patient underwent a right lower lobectomy. Crizotinib was restarted postoperatively, and she developed symptoms of lower limb edema and poor appetite. After more than 3 months of treatment, her Scr increased to 129 μmol/L, ALT was 96 U/L, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 83 U/L. Crizotinib was then switched to alectinib (the second-generation ALK inhibitors) 600 mg orally twice daily, and the patient's gastrointestinal symptoms and liver function were rapidly improved. However, her Scr continued to increase gradually (140-150 μmol/L). Renal biopsy pathology indicated IgA nephropathy and acute tubular injury. After 4 months of alectinib treatment, Scr was 174 μmol/L, and the drug was promptly discontinued. One month after discontinuation, Scr decreased to 125 μmol/L. Due to tumor progression, the patient restarted alectinib at a reduced dose (300 mg twice daily). Three months later, Scr increased to 177 μmol/L. Subsequently, alectinib was replaced with lorlatinib (the third-generation ALK inhibitors) 100 mg once daily due to tumor progression. After 6 months of treatment, the tumor condition was controlled, and Scr decreased to 124 μmol/L.

Objective:To construct an infectious clone of a Chinese HIV-1 CRF01_AE epidemic strain with strong replication capacity，and comprehensively identify its viral phenotype and replication capacity.Methods:Using the CRF01_AE clinical isolate GX2005002，which was previously isolated from whole blood of an HIV-1-infected individual in China by our laboratory，as the parental strain，the full-length genome of the virus（9.7 kb）was divided into 5' half fragment（5.1 kb）and 3' half fragment（4.6 kb）for amplification. The proviral DNA was used as a template to amplify the virus genome，which was then ligated into the eukaryotic expression vector pEASY-T1. The consistency of its sequence with the parental strain sequence was identified through full-length genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The replication capacity，syncytium inducibility，and cell tropism were experimentally identified to determine its phenotypic consistency with the parental strain.Results:An infectious clone of the CRF01_AE strain was successfully constructed，and its genome sequence exhibited high consistency with the sequence of the parental strain. By transfecting target cells，a derivative virus with infectious activity and replication capability was successfully rescued. The derived virus maintained phenotypic characteristics consistent with the parental strain，such as cell tropism and syncytium inducibility.Conclusion:This study successfully constructed an infectious clone of a Chinese HIV-1 CRF01_AE epidemic strain with clear background and distinct phenotype. The genomic sequence and viral phenotypic characteristics of the derived virus are basically consistent with the parental strain，providing strong representation of the original isolate and serving as a powerful tool for research on the correlation between the genetic characteristics，viral phenotype，and pathogenicity of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains.

Background::Few evidence is available in the early prediction models of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to develop and validate a novel genetic-clinical-radiological nomogram for evaluating BPSD in patients with AD and explore its underlying nutritional mechanism.Methods::This retrospective study included 165 patients with AD from the Chinese Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle (CIBL) cohort between June 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022. Data on demographics, neuropsychological assessments, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of AD risk genes, and regional brain volumes were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model identified BPSD-associated factors, for subsequently constructing a diagnostic nomogram. This nomogram was internally validated through 1000-bootstrap resampling and externally validated using a time-series split based on the CIBL cohort data between June 1, 2022, and February 1, 2023. Area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability of the nomogram.Results::Factors independently associated with BPSD were: CETP rs1800775 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.137, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.276-13.415, P = 0.018), decreased Mini Nutritional Assessment score (OR = 0.187, 95% CI: 0.086-0.405, P <0.001), increased caregiver burden inventory score (OR = 8.993, 95% CI: 3.830-21.119, P <0.001), and decreased brain stem volume (OR = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.001-0.191, P = 0.004). These variables were incorporated into the nomogram. The area under the ROC curve was 0.925 (95% CI: 0.884-0.967, P <0.001) in the internal validation and 0.791 (95% CI: 0.686-0.895, P <0.001) in the external validation. The calibration plots showed favorable consistency between the prediction of nomogram and actual observations, and the DCA showed that the model was clinically useful in both validations. Conclusion::A novel nomogram was established and validated based on lipid metabolism-related genes, nutritional status, and brain stem volumes, which may allow patients with AD to benefit from early triage and more intensive monitoring of BPSD.Registration::Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100049131.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted drug resistance (TDR) means the infection of HIV drug-resistant strains, which are detected in patients without a history of exposure to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. TDR has the potential to reverse the effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and is the practical major threat to the realization of the targets for HIV prevention and control. The changes in fitness of HIV DR strains are the basic biological factor challenging the risk of its transmission, and related to the selection of the survey population, the determination of the time span between diagnosis of HIV infection and testing of DR, and the application of DR test assay. The integrated definition and interpretation of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) is the key to obtaining accurate surveillance results. This article reviews the recent progress in research on the fitness of HIV DR strains, identification of SDRMs, and the selection of surveillance population. It also proposes key areas for TDR monitoring in China, including the development of SDRMs list tailored to the characteristics of Chinese strains, high-resolution sequencing to accurately identify mixed base pairs, and the standardization of TDR monitoring. These efforts will provide scientific support for accurate TDR monitoring results and effective containment of the transmission of drug-resistant strains.

ObjectiveThis research focused on examining the distinctive characteristics of nutrient intake and dietary patterns among long-lived elderly individuals. Additionally， the study was aimed to explore the specific dietary components that may impact the skeletal muscle mass in this particular group. MethodsThis study was conducted in the Chongming area of Shanghai， China. A total of 206 long-lived elderly individuals aged 90 or above were recruited. The 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method was used to collect dietary information and general demographic data through face-to-face interviews with professional nutritionists. The skeletal muscle mass index（SMI） was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis（BIA）， and low skeletal muscle mass was diagnosed based on the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. T-test analysis， chi-square test， and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and skeletal muscle mass. ResultsIn terms of food intake categories， compared with the long-lived elderly people with normal muscle mass， the intake of cereals containing miscellaneous beans and vegetables in the long-lived elderly people with low muscle mass was significantly lower（P<0.05）. In terms of the nutrient intake， compared with the long-lived elderly people with normal muscle mass， the intake of total energy， carbohydrate， dietary fiber， vitamin D， folic acid， phosphorus， potassium， magnesium， iron， and manganese in the long-lived elderly people with low muscle mass was significantly lower（P<0.05）. After continuous adjustment for the covariates， multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the intake levels of folic acid and dietary fiber were important factors influencing skeletal muscle mass， Individuals with lower intake levels of folic acid and dietary fiber are at a higher risk of low muscle mass in long-lived elderly individuals ［OR_{folic acid T1}， _{dietary fiber T1} （95%CI）： 2.90 （1.11‒7.61）； 4.09 （1.53‒10.91）］. ConclusionThe consumption of cereals that include a variety of beans and vegetables was noticeably lower in the long-lived elderly individuals with lower muscle mass when compared to those with normal muscle mass. Furthermore， low levels of folic acid and dietary fiber intake are associated with an increased risk of low skeletal muscle mass.

Cancer patients are a high risk group for malnutrition.The decreased intake,impaired absorption,abnormal utiliza-tion,increased consumption and increased demand are the main causes of malnutrition in oncology patients.Malnutrition can lead to adverse outcomes such as reduced tolerance to anti-cancer therapy,decreased quality of life for patients,shortened survival time,and increased medical costs.Therefore,standardized nutritional therapy for oncology patients should become an important part of compre-hensive cancer treatment and be carried out through the entire life cycle of cancer patients.This article describes the indications,tim-ing and duration of nutritional therapy,treatment goals and the five-step therapeutic approaches,the energy and protein requirements of oncology patients,the characteristics of tumor-specific nutritional formulas,and evaluation of the effectiveness of nutritional thera-py,in order to provide guidance for clinical nutritional therapy for cancer patients.

Cancer patients are a high risk group for malnutrition.The decreased intake,impaired absorption,abnormal utiliza-tion,increased consumption and increased demand are the main causes of malnutrition in oncology patients.Malnutrition can lead to adverse outcomes such as reduced tolerance to anti-cancer therapy,decreased quality of life for patients,shortened survival time,and increased medical costs.Therefore,standardized nutritional therapy for oncology patients should become an important part of compre-hensive cancer treatment and be carried out through the entire life cycle of cancer patients.This article describes the indications,tim-ing and duration of nutritional therapy,treatment goals and the five-step therapeutic approaches,the energy and protein requirements of oncology patients,the characteristics of tumor-specific nutritional formulas,and evaluation of the effectiveness of nutritional thera-py,in order to provide guidance for clinical nutritional therapy for cancer patients.