OBJECTIVES: Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal ectasia disorder, arising from a myriad of causes including genetic predispositions, environmental factors, biomechanical influences, and inflammatory reactions. This study aims to identify potential pathogenetic gene mutations in patients with sporadic KC in the Han Chinese population. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with primary KC as well as 50 unrelated population-matched healthy controls, were included in this study to identify potential pathogenic gene mutations among sporadic KC patients in the Han Chinese population. Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were used to analyze mutations in the zinc finger protein 469 (ZNF469) gene. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the potential role of ZNF469 in KC pathogenesis. RESULTS: Five novel heterozygous missense variants were identified in KC patients. Among them, 2 compound heterozygous variants, c.8986G>C (p. E2996Q) with c.11765A>C (p. D3922A), and c.4423C>G (p. L1475V) with c.10633G>A (p. G3545R), were determined to be possible pathogenic factors for KC. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in the ZNF469 gene may contribute to the development of KC in the Han Chinese population. These mutation sites may provide valuable information for future genetic screening of KC patients and their families.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Case-Control Studies ; China/ethnology* ; Exome Sequencing ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Keratoconus/genetics* ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Transcription Factors/genetics* ; East Asian People/genetics*

Objective: To preliminarily develop a multidimensional blood donor role scale based on role theory and systematically compare the psychosocial characteristic differences between award-winning donors and first-time donors in Guangzhou, and to provide an empirical reference for formulating differentiated donor retention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. A random sample of award-winning donors and concurrently sampled first-time donors yielding 1 361 valid responses collected (721 from the award group, 640 from the first-time group). Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the scale structure. Data were post-stratified and weighted according to the gender and age distributions of the general donor population. Independent samples t-tests, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and generalized linear models were employed to compare dimensional scores between the two groups. A paired t-test was conducted to analyze the annual donation frequency of award-winning donors before and after receiving the award. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 5-factor structure, including Role Identity and Expectations, Role Adaptation and Maintenance, Role Environment and Experience, Role Relationships and Conflict, and Role Incentives and Rewards, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 56.43%. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α=0.906). Known-group validity test showed that award-winning donors scored significantly higher than first-time donors on Role Identity and Expectations (t=4.366, P<0.001, d=0.240), Role Adaptation and Maintenance (t=5.436, P<0.001, d=0.500), and Role Relationships and Conflict (t=4.844, P<0.001, d=0.220). These differences remained significant after controlling for selected demographic variables (MANCOVA, Wilks' λ=0.943, P<0.001). Generalized linear models suggested that donation frequency was an independent predictor for these dimensions. Additionally, the annual donation frequency of award-winning donors was slightly higher after receiving the award than before (t=2.007, P=0.045). Conclusion: The preliminary blood donor role scale demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity and can effectively distinguish groups with different donation behavior characteristics. The study reveals that award-winning donors exhibit more positive psychological characteristics across multiple role identity dimensions and maintain their donation behavior after receiving an award. External incentives and internal role identity may jointly contribute to behavioral persistence. The findings provide a preliminary reference for further exploring the formation pathways of donor role identity and developing differentiated donor retention strategies.

Objective : To investigate the antagonistic activity of Lactococcus garvieae SHAMU-LG6 against Staphy- lococcus . Methods : VITEK 2 GP identification card , Microflex LT MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer and 16S rDNA amplification sequencing were used to identify the strain species . The antagonistic activity of L. garvieae SHAMU- LG6 against different Staphylococcus was detected by Oxford cup method for bacterial inhibition ; the antimicrobial active components were preliminarily isolated and purified by adsorption on XAD16 nonionic macroporous resin , gradient ethanol elution and rotary evaporation drying. Results : L. garvieae SHAMU-LG6 exhibited potent antago- nistic effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin-susceptible S. aureus , S. epidermidis , S. saprophyticus , S. lugdunensis , S. hominis , S. capitis and S. warneri , with inhibitory indices of 3 . 3 , 3 . 0 , 4. 3 , 2. 0 , 4. 0 , 3 . 5 , 3 . 8 , and 3 . 5 , respectively. The antimicrobial active components produced by L. garvieae SHAMU-LG6 were mainly present in 70% and 80% ethanol eluates . Conclusion L. garvieae SHAMU-LG6 ex- hibits a potent antagonistic effect on Staphylococcus , and the antimicrobial active components produced by it are ex- pected to be a lead compound for the development of novel antimicrobial agents .

Objective:To explore the mechanisms of action of Huanglian Jiedu decoction combined with Xijiao Dihuang decoction (HLJDT-XJDH) in regulating fibroblasts in the treatment of psoriasis. Methods:A mouse model of psoriasis was established by topical application of imiquimod 5% cream on the shaved back; HLJDT-XJDH at different doses of 7.7 and 30.6 g/kg was administered via gavage for intervention, and methotrexate (2 mg/kg) served as a positive control; after 7 days, the severity of skin lesions was assessed using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), while histopathological changes of skin tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Baker scoring. For in vitro experiments, fibroblasts were divided into a control group, a model group, a low-dose (5% drug-containing serum) intervention group, and a high-dose (20% drug-containing serum) intervention group; cells in the control group were cultured with 20% normal rat serum for 24 hours; in the model group, cells cultured with 20% normal rat serum were stimulated with 5 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α and 50 ng/ml interleukin (IL) -17A for 24 hours to mimic fibroblasts during the occurrence of psoriasis; cells in the low- and high-dose intervention groups received the same stimulation as the model group, and were cultured for 24 hours with 5% and 20% HLJDT-XJDH-containing serum, respectively, but not with the 20% normal rat serum. After the above treatment, these cells were co-cultured with keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) using a Transwell system. In addition, on the basis of the control group, fibroblasts were divided into the model group, 20% drug-containing serum intervention group, and 20% drug-containing serum intervention + OE-SFRP2 group; TNF-α and IL-17A were used to stimulate the cells to simulate the psoriatic state; the treatment in the 20% drug-containing serum intervention group was carried out as previously described; in the 20% drug-containing serum intervention + OE-SFRP2 group, cells were transfected with the vector for 48 hours to establish an overexpression model, followed by culture with 20% drug-containing serum for 24 hours, without co-culture with HaCaT cells.. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess cell viability, flow cytometry to measure apoptosis rates, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) as well as chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1 and CXCL12 in mouse serum or cell culture supernatant, qPCR to determine the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, cell cycle- and proliferation-related factors, as well as SFRP2 in mouse skin tissues or cells, and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of SFRP2, Wnt3a, and β-catenin in fibroblasts. One-way analysis of variance was employed for intergroup comparisons, and post-hoc analysis was conducted using Tukey's test. Results:In vivo mouse experiments showed that compared with the normal control group, the model group exhibited typical psoriatic characteristics in skin morphology, including significant inflammatory infiltration in skin tissues and marked epidermal thickening; compared with the normal control group, the serum levels of TNF-α (531.16 ± 28.27 pg/ml vs. 239.58 ± 10.39 pg/ml), IL-1β (111.40 ± 5.16 pg/ml vs. 80.35 ± 3.87 pg/ml), and IL-6 (109.17 ± 4.84 pg/ml vs. 71.73 ± 2.04 pg/ml) significantly increased in the model group, along with their mRNA expression levels in mouse skin tissues (all P < 0.001) ; compared with the model group, the treatment group showed alleviated psoriatic manifestations, and significant reductions in the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α (low-dose, high-dose, and positive control groups: 420.80 ± 29.30 pg/ml, 322.33 ± 9.40 pg/ml, 322.97 ± 12.16 pg/ml, respectively), IL-1β (98.69 ± 4.49 pg/ml, 89.02 ± 1.56 pg/ml, 88.88 ± 2.08 pg/ml, respectively), and IL-6 (94.07 ± 3.76 pg/ml, 80.54 ± 3.30 pg/ml, 83.21 ± 3.18 pg/ml, respectively), as well as in their mRNA expression levels (all P < 0.001). In in vitro fibroblast experiments, compared with the control group, the model group exhibited a significant elevation in the supernatant levels of IL-1β (126.42 ± 3.56 pg/ml vs. 34.81 ± 0.44 pg/ml), IL-6 (459.44 ± 9.35 pg/ml vs. 115.51 ± 7.26 pg/ml), CXCL1 (2 434.88 ± 127.63 pg/ml vs. 762.85 ± 30.60 pg/ml) and CXCL12 (3 542.14 ± 35.86 pg/ml vs. 2 095.86 ± 45.12 pg/ml), the expression levels of their mRNAs (all P < 0.001), as well as the protein expression levels of SFRP2, Wnt3a, and β-catenin; after intervention with HLJDT-XJDH-containing serum, all the above indices significantly decreased (all P < 0.001). However, when 20% drug-containing serum intervention was administered simultaneously, the expression of inflammatory factors and chemokines in fibroblasts was significantly higher in the SFRP2 overexpression group than in the non-overexpression group (all P < 0.01). When fibroblasts were co-cultured with HaCaT cells, the model group showed significantly increased cell viability but a decreased apoptosis rate of HaCaT cells compared with the control group, while the low- and high-dose intervention groups showed significantly decreased cell viability but increased apoptosis rates of HaCaT cells compared with the model group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:HLJDT-XJDH may exert therapeutic effects in psoriasis by downregulating the SFRP2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting fibroblast activation and inflammatory process, which subsequently suppresses the proliferation of keratinocytes and the activation of inflammatory cells.

This study analyzes the clinical data of a patient presenting with acute poisoning following the co-ingestion of a pesticide (approximately 100-120 ml of 41% glyphosate-isopropylammonium) and alcohol (approximately 100 g of ethanol). The patient developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), manifesting as acute kidney injury (AKI), metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, acute lung injury (ALI), acute liver injury, acute intestinal injury, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Following administration of general supportive care combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and hemoperfusion (HP), the patient recovered fully and was discharged. Acute combined glyphosate and ethanol poisoning can induce MODS. Analysis of this patient's diagnosis and treatment process enhances clinicians' understanding of this toxicological presentation and offers valuable clinical insights to improve survival rates in similar cases.

Charcoal-processed traditional Chinese herbal medicine has various therapeutic effects， including astringing， hemostasis， anti-diarrhea， clearing heat， tonifying， and warming the interior. This paper summarizes the clinical application features， compatible experiences， dosages， and precautions for over 20 types of charcoal-processed herbal medicine in the treatment of gynecological bleeding disorders caused by dysfunctions such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding， endometriosis， uterine incision pseudocavity， and vaginal bleeding resulting from threatened miscarriage. The charcoal-processed herbal medicine include Huangqin （Scutellaria Baicalensis） Charcoal， Dahuang （Rheum Palmatum） Charcoal， Cebai （Platycladus Orientalis） Charcoal， Diyu （Sanguisorba Officinalis） Charcoal， Daji （Cirsium Setosum） Charcoal， Xiaoji （Cirsium Japonicum） Charcoal， Shengdi （Rehmannia Glutinosa） Charcoal， Aiye （Artemisia Argyi） Charcoal， Paojiang （Zingiber Officinale） Charcoal， Xuduan （Dipsacus Asper） Charcoal， Duzhong （Eucommia Ulmoides） Charcoal， Qiancao （Rubia Cordifolia） Charcoal， Puhuang （Typha Angustifolia） Charcoal， Shanzha （Crataegus Pinnatifida） Charcoal， Jingjie （Schizonepeta Tenuifolia） Charcoal， Xueyu （Carthamus Tinctorius） Charcoal， Zonglyu （Areca Catechu） Charcoal， Wumei （Prunus Mume） Charcoal， Shudahuang （Rheum Officinale） Charcoal， Lianfang （Nymphaea Alba） Charcoal， Mianmaguanzhong （Clematis Armandii） Charcoal， and Oujie （Nelumbo Nucifera） Charcoal.

[Objective] To analyze the influencing factors of repeat blood donor lapsing using a zero-inflated poisson regression model (ZIP). [Methods] The blood donation behavior of 12 498 whole blood donors from 2020 was tracked until December 31, 2023. The factors influencing the frequency of blood donations in a given year was analyzed using ZIP, and donors with 0 blood donation in that year were considered to have lapsed. The changes in relevant influencing factors associated with each blood donation were measured and modeled for analysis. [Results] The zero-inflated part of ZIP showed that the risk of lapsing of male blood donors was 2.24 times that of female blood donors (OR 95% CI:1.864-2.696, P<0.001); the risk of lapsing of the 35-44 age group and over 45 age group was respectively 40% (OR 95% CI:0.455-0.790, P<0.001) and 61%(OR 95% CI:0.268-0.578, P<0.001) lower than that of the under 25 age group; the risk of lapsing for those who have donated blood twice and ≥3 times was respectively 50% (OR 95% CI:0.405-0.609, P<0.001) and 81% (OR 95% CI:0.154-0.225, P<0.001) lower than that of first-time donors; the risk of lapsing of those with junior high or high school education was 1.2 times that of those with a college degree or higher (OR 95% CI:1.033-1.384, P<0.05); the risk of lapsing for the divorced group was 2.02 times that of the married group (OR 95% CI:1.445-2.820, P<0.001); the risk of lapsing for those with an income (Yuan) of 10 000 to 50 000, 50 000 to 100 000 and more than 100 000 was respectively 0.67 (OR 95% CI:0.552-0.818, P<0.001), 0.72 (OR 95% CI:0.591-0.884, P=0.002) and 0.67 (OR 95% CI:0.535-0.834, P<0.001) times that of those with an income (Yuan) of less than 10 000. The results of the Poisson part are consistent with the results of the zero-inflated part in terms of age and education level. [Conclusion] Blood donor lapsing is overall related to factors such as gender, age, donation frequency, education, marital status and family income. It's essential to care for those blood donors prone to lapse to retain more regular blood donors.

ObjectiveTo establish the quality standards for Sennae Folium（Cassia angustifolia） dispensing granules based on standard decoctions. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms were established for 15 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） standard decoctions and 10 of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules from different manufacturers， and the similarity evaluation， hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） and principal component analysis（PCA） were performed. Linear calibration with two reference substances（LCTRS） and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker（QAMS） were established for the common peaks in the specific chromatograms to determine the contents of main components in the decoction pieces， standard decoctions and dispensing granules， and to calculate their transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions and dispensing granules. ResultsThe similarities of specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） standard decoctions and 10 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules were all greater than 0.95， and a total of 8 characteristic peaks were calibrated， and five of them were identified， including kaempferol-3，7-O-diglucoside， apigenin-6，8-di-C-glucoside， quercetin-3-O-gentianoside， sennoside B and sennoside A. HCA and PCA results showed that there were certain differences in the composition of different batches of standard decoctions， but no clustering was observed in the production area. As the standard decoctions， the extract rate of 15 batches of samples was 26.54%-45.38%， the contents of kaempferol-3，7-O-diglucoside， apigenin-6，8-di-C-glucoside， quercetin-3-O-gentianoside， sennoside B and sennoside A were 12.16-19.26， 2.57-4.94， 3.27-5.11， 6.75-11.39， 4.69-7.79 mg·g^-1， and their transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions were 45.41%-79.02%， 29.12%-55.07%， 40.52%-67.90%， 24.72%-49.12%， 27.54%-49.34%， respectively. The extract rates of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules（C8-C10） were 38.10%-39.50%， the transfer rates of the above five components from decoction pieces to dispensing granules were 72.85%-73.58%， 53.43%-53.94%， 40.19%-40.74%， 24.62%-25.00%， 28.65%-29.11%， respectively， which were generally consistent with the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions. ConclusionCompared with the relative retention time method， LCTRS has higher prediction accuracy and is more suitable for chromatographic columns. The established quality control standard of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules based on standard decoction is reasonable and reliable， and all indicators of samples from different manufacturers are within the range specified based on the standard decoction， which can provide reference for the quality control and process research of this dispensing granules.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Jianwei xiaoshi oral liquid in the treatment of functional dyspepsia （FD） in children， and provide evidence-based basis for clinical use of the drug. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang， CBM， Cochrane Library and PubMed， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about Jianwei xiaoshi oral liquid in the treatment of FD in children were collected from the inception to Apr. 2024. The control group was treated with conventional western drugs （including gastrointestinal motion-promoting， antacids or acid-suppressing drugs）， and the trial group was treated with Jianwei xiaoshi oral liquid alone or combined with conventional Western drugs （drug dosage and course of treatment were the same as the control group）. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software after quality evaluation with the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool 6.1. RESULTS Totally 16 literature were employed which included 1 962 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that the total clinical effective rate of Jianwei xiaoxi oral liquid in the treatment of FD in children of trial group was significantly higher than that of the control group [RR＝1.18， 95%CI （1.13， 1.22）， P＜0.000 01]. In this study， subgroup analysis was conducted on the usage and dosage， course of treatment， and combination or not in trial group， as well as the type of conventional Western drugs. The results showed that the total clinical effective rate of trial group was significantly higher than that of control group； the relief time of abdominal distension and abdominal pain in trial group [MD＝－2.54， 95%CI （－3.10， －1.98）]， loss of appetite relief time [MD＝－2.12， 95%CI （－2.63， －1.61）]， nausea and vomiting relief time [MD＝－1.70， 95%CI （－2.27， －1.14）]， and belching relief time [MD＝－1.61， 95%CI （－2.44， －0.78）] were shorter than that of the control group significantly （P＜0.05）. In addition， compared with control group， the levels of gastrin [SMD＝1.63， 95%CI （0.98， 2.29）] and motilin [SMD＝2.06， 95%CI （1.58， 2.54）] as well as gastric antral emptying rate [MD＝5.99， 95%CI （2.78， 9.21）] in trial group were increased significantly， while the level of somatostatin was decreased significantly [SMD＝－1.30， 95%CI （－1.57， －1.02）] （P≤0.000 3）. CONCLUSIONS Jianwei xiaoshi oral liquid， whether used alone or in combination with other medications， and regardless of the treatment course or dosage and usage， is effective in treating FD in children， with good safety.

ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker（QAMS） based on linear calibration using two reference substances（LCTRS）， explore the consistency between Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules and standard decoction， and evaluate the quality of the dispensing granules. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatogram was established based on 15 batches of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction and 10 batches of the dispensing granules， and LCTRS was used to locate chromatographic peaks. The actual retention times of 7 characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram was measured on 24 different types of C₁₈ columns， taking deacetyl asperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid as the dual standard compounds， the retention times of the other 5 characteristic peaks were predicted and validated. Based on this， QAMS was developed to determine the contents of four components（deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester， asperulosidic acid， and p-coumaric acid）. Then， the relative correction factors of deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester and p-coumaric acid were calculated using the reference peak of asperulosidic acid in the dual standard compounds， and each component was quantified accordingly. Finally， the consistency between the dispensing granules and standard decoction was assessed by taking extract rate of the standard decoction， consistency of the specific chromatograms， contents and transfer rates of the indicator components as indexes， and the quality of the dispensing granules was evaluated. ResultsThere were 7 common peaks in the characteristic chromatogram of samples of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction and the dispensing granules， and four of them were identified by reference standards， namely deacetyl asperulosidic acid（peak 1）， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester（peak 3）， asperulosidic acid（peak 6） and p-coumaric acid（peak 7）. The similarity between the dispensing granules and the standard decoction was >0.9. The absolute deviation in the predicted retention time for each component by LCTRS was lower than that of the relative retention time method. The extract rate of the 15 batches of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction ranged from 7.89% to 14.60%， the contents of deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester， asperulosidic acid and p-coumaric acid were 6.62-19.70， 3.83-17.99， 1.57-6.69， 1.62-4.52 mg·g^-1， and the transfer rates of these components from decoction pieces to the standard decoction were 22.89%-39.60%， 34.03%-62.24%， 24.25%-43.70%， and 40.58%-73.71%， respectively. The extract rate， index component contents and transfer rates from decoction pieces to the three batches of Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules（P1-P3）， produced by manufacturer A， were similar to those of the standard decoction prepared from the same batch of decoction pieces， and all fell within the specified range. The contents of the 4 indicator components in 7 batches of the dispensing granules（P4-P10） from manufacturers B-E were all within the range of the content converted from the standard decoction based on the quantity of the dispensing granules. ConclusionThe established specific chromatogram and QAMS based on LCTRS are reasonable and reliable. Based on the evaluation indicators of standard decoction yield， consistency of specific chromatograms， contents and transfer rates of the four index components， the 10 batches of Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules from various manufacturers have exhibited good consistency with the standard decoction， indicating that the current production process is relatively reasonable.